ObjectiveTo determine the seroprevalence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) IgG and IgM antibodies in HIV/AIDS patients and uninfected subjects.MethodsThis cross sectional survey was carried out on 78 healthy and 6...ObjectiveTo determine the seroprevalence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) IgG and IgM antibodies in HIV/AIDS patients and uninfected subjects.MethodsThis cross sectional survey was carried out on 78 healthy and 62 HIV+/AIDS individuals in northern Iran between September 2007 and October 2008. Five mL of blood samples were collected from each person in case and control groups. Determination of CD4+ counts was performed by flow cytometry. The serum separated from blood samples was evaluated by conventional ELISA technique to determine the presence of antibodies to T. gondii.ResultsForty eight out of 62 (77.4%) HIV/AIDS serum samples were found positive for anti-T. gondii IgG antibody, compared with 59 among 78 (75.6%) HIV negative samples from the same area (P > 0.05). Six out of 62 (9.7%) HIV+/AIDS patients showed anti-T. gondii IgM antibody in their serum samples, compared with 7 among 78 (9%) HIV negative samples (P > 0.05). The mean of CD4+ counts in HIV+/AIDS was (430.8±182.3) cells/μL and in control group was (871.0±243.3)% cells/μL (P<0.01). CD4+ estimation in 5 (11.1%) of HIV+/AIDS patients was <200 cells/μL (P < 0.0001).ConclusionsSeroprevalence of latent toxoplasmosis in HIV patients is high, therefore the prevention of toxoplasmic encephalitis, administration of primary prophylaxis with co-trimoxazole to all HIV+/AIDS patients are necessary.展开更多
Neutralizing antibodies are recognized to be one of the essential elements of the adaptive immune response that must be induced by an effective vaccine against HIV. However, only a limited number of antibodies have be...Neutralizing antibodies are recognized to be one of the essential elements of the adaptive immune response that must be induced by an effective vaccine against HIV. However, only a limited number of antibodies have been identified to neutralize a broad range of primary isolates of HIV-1 and attempts to induce such antibodies by inununization were unsuccessful. The difficulties to generate such antibodies are mainly due to intrinsic properties of HIV-1 envelope spikes, such as high sequence diversity, heavy glycosylation, and inducible and transient nature of certain epitopes. In vitro neutralizing antibodies are identified using ＂conventional＂ neutralization assay which uses phytohemagglutinin （PHA）-stimulated human PBMCs as target cells. Thus, in essence the assay evaluates HIV-1 replication in CD4^＋T cells. Recently, several laboratories including us demonstrated that some monoclonal antibodies and HIV-1-specific polyclonal IgG purified from patient sera, although they do not have neutralizing activity when tested by the ＂conventional＂ neutralization assay, do exhibit potent and broad neutralizing activity in ＂unconventional＂ ways. The neutralizing activity of these antibodies and IgG fractions is acquired through post-translational modifications, through opsonization of virus particles into macrophages and inunature dendritic cells （iDCs）, or through expression of antibodies on the surface of HIV-1-susceptible cells. This review will focus on recent findings of this area and point out their potential applications in the development of preventive strategies against HIV.展开更多
Despite extensive research efforts, a preventive human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaccine remains one of the major challenges in the field of AIDS research. Experimental strategies which have been proven successful ...Despite extensive research efforts, a preventive human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaccine remains one of the major challenges in the field of AIDS research. Experimental strategies which have been proven successful for other viral vaccines are not enough to tackle HIV-1 and new approaches to design effective preventive AIDS vaccines are of utmost importance. Due to enormous diversity among global circulating HIV strains, an effective HIV vaccine must elicit broadly protective antibodies based responses;therefore discovering new broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) against HIV has become major focus in HIV vaccine research. However further understanding of the viral targets of such antibodies and mechanisms of action of bNAbs is required for advancement of HIV vaccine research. This technical note discusses our current knowledge on the bNAbs and immunoprophylaxis using viral vectors with their relevance in designing of new candidates to HIV-1 vaccines.展开更多
目的 探讨酶联免疫法和金标法对HIV抗体的检测结果,明确针对艾滋病更为有效的临床筛查手段。方法选取264例疑似艾滋病患者,采集入组患者静脉血并进行酶联免疫法与金标法检测HIV抗体。以临床诊断结果为准,比较酶联免疫法和金标法与临床...目的 探讨酶联免疫法和金标法对HIV抗体的检测结果,明确针对艾滋病更为有效的临床筛查手段。方法选取264例疑似艾滋病患者,采集入组患者静脉血并进行酶联免疫法与金标法检测HIV抗体。以临床诊断结果为准,比较酶联免疫法和金标法与临床检查结果的一致性;比较酶联免疫法和金标法对艾滋病的诊断效能。结果 264例疑似艾滋病患者中,经临床筛查试验和确证试验确诊225例。κ检验分析结果显示,酶联免疫法检查结果与临床诊断结果具有高度一致性(κ=0.897, P <0.05);金标法检查结果与临床诊断结果具有高度一致性(κ=0.902, P <0.05)。酶联免疫法与金标法诊断艾滋病的灵敏度、特异性与准确率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 酶联免疫法和金标法对HIV抗体均具有较好的检出效果,可为艾滋病临床诊断提供较为准确的数据参考,临床检测中可根据患者自身情况选择相应的检测方法,必要时还可进行联合检测。展开更多
基金supported by funds from Mazandaran University of Medical sciences(No.86-115),Iran
文摘ObjectiveTo determine the seroprevalence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) IgG and IgM antibodies in HIV/AIDS patients and uninfected subjects.MethodsThis cross sectional survey was carried out on 78 healthy and 62 HIV+/AIDS individuals in northern Iran between September 2007 and October 2008. Five mL of blood samples were collected from each person in case and control groups. Determination of CD4+ counts was performed by flow cytometry. The serum separated from blood samples was evaluated by conventional ELISA technique to determine the presence of antibodies to T. gondii.ResultsForty eight out of 62 (77.4%) HIV/AIDS serum samples were found positive for anti-T. gondii IgG antibody, compared with 59 among 78 (75.6%) HIV negative samples from the same area (P > 0.05). Six out of 62 (9.7%) HIV+/AIDS patients showed anti-T. gondii IgM antibody in their serum samples, compared with 7 among 78 (9%) HIV negative samples (P > 0.05). The mean of CD4+ counts in HIV+/AIDS was (430.8±182.3) cells/μL and in control group was (871.0±243.3)% cells/μL (P<0.01). CD4+ estimation in 5 (11.1%) of HIV+/AIDS patients was <200 cells/μL (P < 0.0001).ConclusionsSeroprevalence of latent toxoplasmosis in HIV patients is high, therefore the prevention of toxoplasmic encephalitis, administration of primary prophylaxis with co-trimoxazole to all HIV+/AIDS patients are necessary.
基金Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology 973 program grant awarded to Paul Zhou(2006CB504308).
文摘Neutralizing antibodies are recognized to be one of the essential elements of the adaptive immune response that must be induced by an effective vaccine against HIV. However, only a limited number of antibodies have been identified to neutralize a broad range of primary isolates of HIV-1 and attempts to induce such antibodies by inununization were unsuccessful. The difficulties to generate such antibodies are mainly due to intrinsic properties of HIV-1 envelope spikes, such as high sequence diversity, heavy glycosylation, and inducible and transient nature of certain epitopes. In vitro neutralizing antibodies are identified using ＂conventional＂ neutralization assay which uses phytohemagglutinin （PHA）-stimulated human PBMCs as target cells. Thus, in essence the assay evaluates HIV-1 replication in CD4^＋T cells. Recently, several laboratories including us demonstrated that some monoclonal antibodies and HIV-1-specific polyclonal IgG purified from patient sera, although they do not have neutralizing activity when tested by the ＂conventional＂ neutralization assay, do exhibit potent and broad neutralizing activity in ＂unconventional＂ ways. The neutralizing activity of these antibodies and IgG fractions is acquired through post-translational modifications, through opsonization of virus particles into macrophages and inunature dendritic cells （iDCs）, or through expression of antibodies on the surface of HIV-1-susceptible cells. This review will focus on recent findings of this area and point out their potential applications in the development of preventive strategies against HIV.
文摘Despite extensive research efforts, a preventive human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaccine remains one of the major challenges in the field of AIDS research. Experimental strategies which have been proven successful for other viral vaccines are not enough to tackle HIV-1 and new approaches to design effective preventive AIDS vaccines are of utmost importance. Due to enormous diversity among global circulating HIV strains, an effective HIV vaccine must elicit broadly protective antibodies based responses;therefore discovering new broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) against HIV has become major focus in HIV vaccine research. However further understanding of the viral targets of such antibodies and mechanisms of action of bNAbs is required for advancement of HIV vaccine research. This technical note discusses our current knowledge on the bNAbs and immunoprophylaxis using viral vectors with their relevance in designing of new candidates to HIV-1 vaccines.
文摘目的 探讨酶联免疫法和金标法对HIV抗体的检测结果,明确针对艾滋病更为有效的临床筛查手段。方法选取264例疑似艾滋病患者,采集入组患者静脉血并进行酶联免疫法与金标法检测HIV抗体。以临床诊断结果为准,比较酶联免疫法和金标法与临床检查结果的一致性;比较酶联免疫法和金标法对艾滋病的诊断效能。结果 264例疑似艾滋病患者中,经临床筛查试验和确证试验确诊225例。κ检验分析结果显示,酶联免疫法检查结果与临床诊断结果具有高度一致性(κ=0.897, P <0.05);金标法检查结果与临床诊断结果具有高度一致性(κ=0.902, P <0.05)。酶联免疫法与金标法诊断艾滋病的灵敏度、特异性与准确率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 酶联免疫法和金标法对HIV抗体均具有较好的检出效果,可为艾滋病临床诊断提供较为准确的数据参考,临床检测中可根据患者自身情况选择相应的检测方法,必要时还可进行联合检测。
