Spatial Pattern and Heterogeneity of Port & Shipping Service Enterprises in the Yangtze River Delta,2002–2016

Using the ‘theoretical hypothesis—empirical study—case verification' method, this paper studies the spatial distribution and differentiation of port & shipping service enterprises(PSSE), as well as the variation process and underlying mechanism in the Yangtze River Delta(YRD). First, through inductive and deductive reasoning, we propose the following hypothesis: the regional distribution of different types of PSSE would show different spatial agglomeration-decentralization tendency; and there would be distinct regional differentiation in the industrial structure of the enterprises. Second, based on data obtained from enterprises, empirical research is conducted using Gini coefficient and spatial interpolation simulation methods. Results show that: 1) The overall enterprise distribution is decentralized within a city. 2) Different types of enterprises show different spatial agglomeration-decentralization tendencies. At 3000 m×3000 m grid scale, there is an agglomeration tendency along seas and rivers in the spatial distribution of enterprises. Shanghai has been identified consistently as a hot spot. 3) There is significant regional differentiation in 12 port cities with respect to the industrial structures of enterprises. Finally, the transportization and the increase of shipping service demand, the globalization and the expansion of multinational corporate activities, the hierarchization and the cooperation among port cities as well as the decentralization and the behavioral difference between the central and local states can be seen as main driving mechanism of the spatial phenomenon.

Research on Logistics Competitiveness of Yangtze River Delta Ports from the Perspective of Niche

The logistics industry is likened to be the “catalyst” of economic growth. It is one of China’s top ten key revitalization and adjustment industries, and port logistics is the main force to promote regional logistics and regional economic development. This paper, which is based on the niche theory and its corresponding measurement method, establishes the niche evaluation indicator dimension of the development competitiveness of port logistics in the Yangtze river delta. In this paper, the niche width model, niche overlap model, niche suitability and evolutionary momentum model were used to conduct an empirical study on the development competitiveness of nine typical ports in the Yangtze river delta region from 2013 to 2017. Finally, according to the expansion of ecological niche, the separation of ecological niche and the symbiosis of ecological niche, the paper put forward the suggestions for the sustainable development of port logistics in the Yangtze river delta region.

Impact of urban expansion on regional temperature change in the Yangtze River Delta

Based on non-radiance-calibrated DMSP/OLS nighttime light imagery from 1992 to 2003, urban land area statistical data, meteorological data and land surface temperature data retrieved by MODIS and NOAA/AVHRR data, the influence of urbanization on regional climatic trend cf temperature in the Yangtze River Delta （YRD） was analyzed. Conclusions are as follows： 1） There is a significant urbanization process from 1992 to 2003 in the YRD. Four city clusters of Nanjing-Zhenjiang-Yangzhou, Suzhou-Wuxi-Changzhou, Shanghai and Hangzhou Bay form a zigzag city belt. The increase rate of annual mean air temperature in city-belt is 0.28-0.44℃/10a from 1991 to 2005, which is far larger than that of non-city-belt. 2） The urban heat island （UHI） effect on regional mean air temperature in different seasons is summer〉autumn〉spring〉winter. 3） The UHI intensity and the urban total population logarithm are creditably correlated. 4） The UHI effect made the regional annual mean air temperature increased 0.072℃ from 1961 to 2005, of which 0.047℃ from 1991 to 2005, and the annual maximum air temperature increased 0.162℃, of which 0.083℃ from 1991 to 2005. All these indicating that the urban expansion in the YRD from 1991 to 2005 may be regarded as a serious climate signal.

Urban Development and Water Management in the Yangtze River Delta

Throughout the history of the world, the development of the cities are related to the large water systems and the ocean. Where the river is abundant, the trade and regional centres could be formed. However, along with the prosperity of the water-cities, massive urban construction and environmental issues are enormous challenges in human process. A “scientific” urban planning, “Sponge City”, “Resilient City”, regional and urban culture and characteristics get more and more attention. The theme of “water and city” is clearly of great historical value and practical significance for the new resilient urban and water management strategies. The paper will summarize characteristics of geographical, historical, socio-cultural and political realms in metropolitan deltas and the historical governance as well as the recent developments in the Yangtze River Delta. It will introduce urban development and water management in four water cities: the canal and the city-Yangzhou, the river and the city-Nanjing, the lake and the city-Suzhou and the sea and the city-Shanghai. And then it will analyze the inner motivation of the interaction between water and cities in Yangtze River Delta. Furthermore, learning from successful historical experiences, the paper will provide suggestions for future sustainable urban development.

City Network Evolution Characteristics of Smart Industry: Evidence from Yangtze River Delta, China

The dual-path model of industrial evolution and spatial progression has been widely acknowledged and incorporated into the strategic planning to promote the development of urban industries and regional collaborations.However,current research on inter-enter-prise city networks mainly focuses on the single sector of flows on all enterprise branches,such as product value chains and production factors,but neglects that of particular industry department.Built upon the new economic geography and city networks theory,this paper develops a methodological framework that focuses on the analysis of city network evolution characteristics of smart industry.Particu-larly,a conceptual model of smart industry enterprise-industry-city is proposed and then applied to a case study of smart industry in the Yangtze River Delta Region,China.Using enterprise supplier-customer data,a city network of smart industry is constructed and sub-sequently analyzed with the proposed model.Findings indicate that the smart industry network in Yangtze River Delta Region exhibits a hierarchical structure and the expansion of the network presents a small-world network characteristic.The study not only makes a meth-odological contribution for revealing the industrial and spatial evolution path of the current smart industry,but also provides empirical support for the formulation of new economic development policies focused on smart industries,demonstrating the role of city clusters as carriers of regional synergistic development.

Structural Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Carbon Emission Spatial Association Network:A Case Study of Yangtze River Delta City Cluster,China

City cluster is an effective platform for encouraging regionally coordinated development.Coordinated reduction of carbon emissions within city cluster via the spatial association network between cities can help coordinate the regional carbon emission management,realize sustainable development,and assist China in achieving the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals.This paper applies the improved gravity model and social network analysis(SNA)to the study of spatial correlation of carbon emissions in city clusters and analyzes the structural characteristics of the spatial correlation network of carbon emissions in the Yangtze River Delta(YRD)city cluster in China and its influencing factors.The results demonstrate that:1)the spatial association of carbon emissions in the YRD city cluster exhibits a typical and complex multi-threaded network structure.The network association number and density show an upward trend,indicating closer spatial association between cities,but their values remain generally low.Meanwhile,the network hierarchy and network efficiency show a downward trend but remain high.2)The spatial association network of carbon emissions in the YRD city cluster shows an obvious‘core-edge’distribution pattern.The network is centered around Shanghai,Suzhou and Wuxi,all of which play the role of‘bridges’,while cities such as Zhoushan,Ma'anshan,Tongling and other cities characterized by the remote location,single transportation mode or lower economic level are positioned at the edge of the network.3)Geographic proximity,varying levels of economic development,different industrial structures,degrees of urbanization,levels of technological innovation,energy intensities and environmental regulation are important influencing factors on the spatial association of within the YRD city cluster.Finally,policy implications are provided from four aspects:government macro-control and market mechanism guidance,structural characteristics of the‘core-edge’network,reconfiguration and optimization of the spatial layout of the YRD city cluster,and the application of advanced technologies.

Efficiency Pattern and Spatial Strategy of Ports in Yangtze River Delta Region

This paper measures the efficiency of ports in the Yangtze River Delta Region(YRDR) in 2008 and 2013 using port berth quantity, quay length, and human resources as input indicators, using cargo and container throughput as output indicators, and considering traditional(foreign trade dependence and industrialization level) and modern environmental factors(traffic line density, financial development level, and informatization level). To achieve such aim, this study constructs a multi-stage data envelopment analysis model(DEA) that identifies effective port decision-making units(DMUs) and generates a highly accurate conclusion by eliminating the interference from the exogenous environment and random errors. First, the external environment significantly affects port efficiency, with the traditional environmental factors showing huge fluctuations and the modern environmental factors producing great benefits. Second, the efficiency of ports in YRDR has increased from 2008 to 2013 primarily because of their pure technical efficiency. Third, the weighted standard deviation ellipse(SDE) analysis results reveal that the efficiency pattern of ports significantly deviates from their throughput pattern, while the center of SDE of port efficiency moves from the eastern coastal regions to the northwest regions. Based on these findings, this paper proposes spatial development strategies for YRDR, such as creating an unblocked environment where spatial elements can freely circulate, intensifying port-city joint development, implementing differentiated policies, and focusing on the spatial collaboration of port efficiency.

PORT DEVELOPMENT IN YANGTZE RIVER DELTA

The Yangtze river delta has the largest port group in China.On the coast are sea ports,Yangkou Shanghai Beilun,aligned on a north-south axis which,together with ports along the Lower Yangtze river,form a T-shaped port association.This is unique in the country.For rational port localization and development,it is suggested that Shanghai should retain its undisputed position as an international and domestic hub port of China.Beilun and Yangkou,with their deep-water berths,should be transshipment ports of imported bulky goods (ore,crude oiletc.) and inter-continental international containers for Shanghai and the Yangtze valley above Nanjing,while ports on the lower Yangtze river will

Using Hourly Measurements to Explore the Role of Secondary Inorganic Aerosol in PM_(2.5)during Haze and Fog in Hangzhou, China

This paper explores the role of the secondary inorganic aerosol （SIA） species ammonium,NH4＋,nitrate,NO3-,and sulfate,SO24-,during haze and fog events using hourly mass concentrations of PM2.5 measured at a suburban site in Hangzhou,China.A total of 546 samples were collected between 1 April and 8 May 2012.The samples were analyzed and classified as clear,haze or fog depending on visibility and relative humidity （RH）.The contribution of SIA species to PM2.5 mass increased to ～50％ during haze and fog.The mass contribution of nitrate to PM2.5 increased from 11％ during clear to 20％ during haze episodes.Nitrate mass exceeded sulfate mass during haze,while near equal concentrations were observed during fog episodes.The role of RH on the correlation between concentrations of SIA and visibility was examined,with optimal correlation at 60％-70％ RH.The total acidity during clear,haze and fog periods was 42.38,48.38 and 45.51 nmol m-3,respectively,indicating that sulfate,nitrate and chloride were not neutralized by ammonium during any period.The nitrate to sulfate molar ratio,as a function of the ammonium to sulfate molar ratio,indicated that nitrate formation during fog started at a higher ammonium to sulfate molar ratio compared to clear and haze periods.During haze and fog,the nitrate oxidation ratio increased by a factor of 1.6-1.7,while the sulfur oxidation ratio increased by a factor of 1.2-1.5,indicating that both gaseous NO2 and SO2 were involved in the reduced visibility.

Study on the City Form of the Yangtze River Delta Region

The Yangtze River Delta is a rapiddeveloping region in China. With fast economicgrowth, it is facing many environmental problems.This paper discusses the major problems and proposessome strategies for its future development.

创新企业的中微观集聚特征及邻近性机制研究——基于长三角地区4座典型城市的实证

在创新型经济重构空间使用逻辑的背景下,以解析城市内部创新要素的集聚和选址为出发点,构建创新企业集聚的邻近性框架,运用中小型创新企数据以及问卷调查数据,对长三角上海、南京、杭州、苏州4座典型的创新型城市进行研究,透视创新在空间利用上的新变化和新需求。研究得出以下结论:(1)集聚趋势。在我国内城更新与新城开发同步推进的城镇化语境下,创新企业的集聚兼具回归城区和近郊生长的双重动力,而且低密度、品质高的新兴园区与创新人才的需求形成了较好契合。(2)结构演化。创新企业的集聚结构与城市的空间转型、功能演化形成紧密互动。城市的区域职能分工、空间结构对企业的集聚有深刻影响。创新企业的集聚强度由中心向外围衰减,形成半径为1~3 km的核心-边缘结构。(3)区位逻辑。除政策、产业等传统因素外,创新企业不仅侧重于向“年轻集群”和应用导向的科研集群集聚,而且呈现出明确的生活指向,品质、氛围等软性因素成为不可忽视的高阶需求。

基于生态位理论的长三角港口体系竞合关系识别与优化策略

基于生态位理论剖析港口体系竞合机制,构建港口生态位评价指标体系,定量识别2006—2021年长三角港口体系的生态位及竞合关系,并借鉴生态位理论探讨港口体系竞合优化策略。结果表明:长三角地区多数港口生态位宽度仍有较大提升空间;港口生态位宽度存在明显的空间分异特征,形成以上海港和宁波舟山港为优势港的“双枢纽”结构;港口生态位重叠度和综合生态位重叠度高值港口均偏多,且呈上升趋势;长三角地区高宽度-高重叠度、低宽度-高重叠度、高宽度-低重叠度和低宽度-低重叠度4类港口均有分布,低宽度-高重叠度的港口数量居多。最后,提出长三角港口体系生态位扩充、特化、错位和协同发展策略。

新时代港口与城市协调发展研究--以长三角地区为例

研究聚焦经典的港城关系问题,在新时代背景下重新审视港口与城市互动发展的新内涵。以长三角为案例区域,利用耦合度、耦合协调度模型,定量测度2013年以来长三角地区24个港口与城市的协调发展水平,结果显示:长三角地区港口与城市耦合协调度整体上升明显,呈现“高水平耦合、中水平协调”的特征;在省域尺度,三省一市港城关系耦合度和耦合协调度均存在明显的梯度差异,由东向西逐渐下降,具体表现为C/D上海>C/D江苏>C/D浙江>C/D安徽;在城市尺度,长三角地区绝大部分港口与城市已经进入高度耦合、良性发展阶段,仅有舟山和池州港城耦合情况不理想。耦合协调度形成显著的4个等级,包括:以上海为代表的极度协调型,以苏州、宁波、南京、无锡为代表的高度协调型,以杭州、南通、扬州、芜湖等12个城市为代表的中度协调型,以湖州、台州、合肥、安庆等7个城市为代表的低度协调型。最后从统筹协调、港城融合、政策创新、开放包容等方面提出长三角地区港城协调发展的路径。

技能型社会背景下世界技能大赛获奖选手的职业发展思考——对长三角四省市获奖选手的分析

基于技能型社会建设背景,对第41~46届世赛长三角四省市获奖选手的职业情况进行统计分析,得出其就业相对稳定、教职为职业首选、技能培训为主要工作内容和近年就业愈加灵活四方面的主要职业特征。技能型社会建设对世赛获奖选手提出了精进自身技能、完善技能标准、改善技能环境和拓展国际影响四方面的新要求;获奖选手在职业发展中需要解决来自职业技能、职业视野以及职业路径三个方面的主要挑战。针对上述要求和挑战,论文提出了完善政策内容制定、搭建学习培训平台、优化实践内外环境,以及统筹设计选手职业发展路径等具体改革建议。

数字经济、科技创新与出口技术复杂度--基于长三角地区41个城市的实证

基于2012-2021年长三角地区41个城市的面板数据探讨数字经济对制造业出口技术复杂度的影响效应和科技创新在此影响过程中的中介效应,考察了科技金融的调节效应。数字经济显著推动长三角地区城市制造业出口技术复杂度的提升,但提升作用因环境规制严苛程度、人力资本水平、中心区城市地位属性的差异而存在异质性。数字经济通过科技创新推动制造业出口技术复杂度提升,金融科技在数字经济推动长三角地区城市制造业出口技术复杂度提升中发挥负向调节效应。提高制造业出口技术复杂度,要加快发展数字经济,因地制宜实施发展政策,助力科技创新与金融服务的高质量融合发展。

高铁网络发展下的站城空间与功能关系研究--以长三角地区为例

在过去近20年里,中国高铁网络化已成为城市和区域空间发展的重要推动力,各级政府也在不同层面上实施了高铁站区建设与城市空间协同发展策略。为此,建立站城空间及站城功能联系的分析框架,以长三角为案例区,探讨不同类型高铁站的站区发育及站城关系特征。结果表明,长三角地区高铁站城联系具有较大的分异特征,大多站区功能发育水平较低,区域中心城市和部分地级城市与其主要高铁站区之间相互强化发展,而其他高铁城市与站区之间功能联系有待提升,不同类型高铁站的站城功能联系发育水平受站区、城市和区域因素的交互影响。结合站区发展潜力、地区差异化的高铁出行需求、城市空间发展规划,建议提升站城交通服务质量、分类分级培育站区主导功能、优化站城功能联系。

“跨界合作园区热”:尺度重组与空间转型——以长江三角洲地区为例

21世纪初以来,中国城市的增长经历了从竞争到合作的转变,“跨界合作园区热”接替“开发区热”成为转型期城市空间重构过程的集中展示。(1)研究立足长三角跨界合作园区的转型发展历程,探讨跨界合作园区历经的转移工业园、跨界新城到合作创新区的政策发展历程,及其空间转型的基本趋势;(2)基于空间转型与合作主体尺度重组活动的紧密联系,进一步探讨空间转型背后尺度重组的动力机制,并提出尺度上推、尺度融合与尺度多元化3个重组阶段及其所形成的托管、合署与企业式3种治理模式;(3)研究建构了跨界合作园区尺度权力重组与空间转型的逻辑框架,并从动态引导的政策支撑体系、劳酬对等的利益协调机制、省-地监管的分层管控机制等方面提出政策建议。

长三角合作共建园区转型路径与机制——基于“同质多形”视角

合作共建园区的转型发展作为重要区域治理现象在学术界备受关注。本文采用半结构化访谈法和文本分析法,援引“同质多形”理论视角并构建研究框架,尝试从尺度、网络、领域等多个维度揭示长三角合作共建园区转型的内在动力及其新发展趋势。研究发现:①长三角合作共建园区多维特征处于动态演化中,资本需求与行政治理困境共同构成最为关键的演化动力。园区经历了以企业转移为目标的早期形成阶段、2010年后的波折发展阶段以及2016年后以多元伙伴议程为导向的创新转型阶段,园区的转型发展由不同时期经济发展需求与行政治理困境共同推动。②长三角合作共建园区治理方式从政府间协同转向多元主体网络行动,使园区的尺度、网络、领域特征从早期迁出地主导的单中心治理方式向多元化发展。③长三角合作共建园区的建设从突出专业化经济优势转向囊括创新、生产、居住等要素的综合性整体系统转变,是当前区域治理日趋复杂的缩影,国家到地方、政府到市场的不同行动主体都参与其中。总之,本文揭示了合作共建园区治理的新趋势,并强调同质多形框架在认识与推动当前合作共建园区新发展中的理论与实践价值。

中国长三角城市群工业高质量发展水平双维测度、动态演进及创新环境影响研究

本文构建了长三角城市群工业高质量发展的双维测度指标体系,并探究其空间差异、动态演进规律及创新环境影响因素。研究发现,长三角工业高质量发展的双维综合指数呈缓慢上升趋势,其中绿色维度的提升对整体发展水平有重要影响;区域差异主要由组间差异导致;政府和市场环境因素是提升发展水平的关键中介因素。基于此,建议加强长三角城市群间的工业合作、推进绿色协同政策、优化资源配置,并注重创新环境的建设,以精准提升长三角城市群的工业高质量发展水平。

营商环境生态促进体育产业全要素生产率提升的组态路径——以长三角城市群为例

优化营商环境是促进体育产业全要素生产率提升的必要条件。立足生态系统理论,基于2021年长三角城市群26个城市的截面数据,运用DEA-SBM模型测算体育产业全要素生产率,并结合模糊集定性比较分析法(fsQCA)实证分析城市营商环境生态的7个前因条件对体育产业全要素生产率提升的组态路径。研究发现:长三角城市群营商环境生态中的法治环境、政务环境、人力资源、创新环境和金融服务等核心条件“多因并发”,形成“政务环境+法治环境”联合保障型、“政务环境+金融服务”均衡推动型、“人力资源+创新环境”协同驱动型3条促进体育产业全要素生产率提升的等效路径。基于此,提出夯实法治环境的基石作用,创新产业监管方式;深化体育产业“放管服”改革,优化政务服务;建立“体育+金融”合作框架,强化“创新+人力”耦合效应等建议。