National security faces the challenge of the "cross- national- sovereignty-management"model and the"commons"mode. Based on hypothesis,cross- regional security net is formed. As for China,it attache...National security faces the challenge of the "cross- national- sovereignty-management"model and the"commons"mode. Based on hypothesis,cross- regional security net is formed. As for China,it attaches importance to sovereign states and nations,pursuing the relatively stable evaluation of the international community. And based on the national memory and national communication,the state security awareness provides possibility for surpassing the so- called universal value of the West.展开更多
National security implications （The White House, 2015; CNA, 2014） of global climate change currently radiate throughout the U.S. government. These implications are critically acute for three federal departments most...National security implications （The White House, 2015; CNA, 2014） of global climate change currently radiate throughout the U.S. government. These implications are critically acute for three federal departments most responsible for U.S. national security： the Department of Defense （DoD）, the Department of State （DOS）, and the Department of Homeland Security （DHS）. However, the effect on these federal departments is understudied and poorly specified. This research intends to rectify the dearth of academic studies. Comparative analysis （Collier, 1993） of the institutional cultures and leadership of the DoD, DoS, and DHS was conducted determining how these agencies are responding to multiple vulnerabilities created by climate change （The White House, 2013a）. Research revealed significant differences in how the DoD, DoS, and DHS are responding. The analysis discovered the DoD has institutionalized, or ＂mainstreamed＂ （Leggett, 2015, p. 16） planning for climate change and planning is driven mainly through hierarchical cultural organizations. The DoD bureaucratic leadership is multi-faceted with some transactional, transformational, and charismatic leadership elements. The DoS has also mainstreamed adaptation planning to a lesser extent and planning is driven primarily by an ad-hoc culture with a top-down/bottom-up, charismatic/transformational leadership emphasis. In contrast, the DHS has been unable to mainstream planning into their organizational culture due to the presence of several internal clans. The DHS bureaucratic leadership is somewhat chaotic with little top-down, transformational, or entrepreneurial direction. Overall, the knowledge gained from this comparative analysis provides valuable insights into how governmental institutions adapt to a multi-faceted national security threat.展开更多
The objective of this paper is to examine an effective strategy for maintaining and utilizing the traditional arts resources of Japan. The authors explore two pillars of the strategy. One is to improve the quality of ...The objective of this paper is to examine an effective strategy for maintaining and utilizing the traditional arts resources of Japan. The authors explore two pillars of the strategy. One is to improve the quality of Japanese traditional performing arts by securing incomes for artists. The other is to utilize the traditional arts as a medium to expand Japanese cultural influence in foreign countries and to improve Japan＇s branding as a nation. First, the authors focus on the income security system practiced in traditional Japanese music and describe the discrepancy between short- and long-run optimality. The authors prove that the reputation of this art form affects its popularity and that it is optimal for the Iemoto （the head of the music school） to restrict the number of pupils in onstage performances in order to maintain stage quality. Second, the authors provide evidence that effective methods for a country to expand its cultural influence across the world differ among nations. The authors conduct willingness-to-pay （WTP） experiments and find that while German audiences largely prefer traditional Japanese music, those in the USA are slightly partial to its mixed fusion form. Therefore, the effective ways to expand Japanese cultural influence in foreign countries differ from one country to another.展开更多
文摘National security faces the challenge of the "cross- national- sovereignty-management"model and the"commons"mode. Based on hypothesis,cross- regional security net is formed. As for China,it attaches importance to sovereign states and nations,pursuing the relatively stable evaluation of the international community. And based on the national memory and national communication,the state security awareness provides possibility for surpassing the so- called universal value of the West.
文摘National security implications （The White House, 2015; CNA, 2014） of global climate change currently radiate throughout the U.S. government. These implications are critically acute for three federal departments most responsible for U.S. national security： the Department of Defense （DoD）, the Department of State （DOS）, and the Department of Homeland Security （DHS）. However, the effect on these federal departments is understudied and poorly specified. This research intends to rectify the dearth of academic studies. Comparative analysis （Collier, 1993） of the institutional cultures and leadership of the DoD, DoS, and DHS was conducted determining how these agencies are responding to multiple vulnerabilities created by climate change （The White House, 2013a）. Research revealed significant differences in how the DoD, DoS, and DHS are responding. The analysis discovered the DoD has institutionalized, or ＂mainstreamed＂ （Leggett, 2015, p. 16） planning for climate change and planning is driven mainly through hierarchical cultural organizations. The DoD bureaucratic leadership is multi-faceted with some transactional, transformational, and charismatic leadership elements. The DoS has also mainstreamed adaptation planning to a lesser extent and planning is driven primarily by an ad-hoc culture with a top-down/bottom-up, charismatic/transformational leadership emphasis. In contrast, the DHS has been unable to mainstream planning into their organizational culture due to the presence of several internal clans. The DHS bureaucratic leadership is somewhat chaotic with little top-down, transformational, or entrepreneurial direction. Overall, the knowledge gained from this comparative analysis provides valuable insights into how governmental institutions adapt to a multi-faceted national security threat.
文摘The objective of this paper is to examine an effective strategy for maintaining and utilizing the traditional arts resources of Japan. The authors explore two pillars of the strategy. One is to improve the quality of Japanese traditional performing arts by securing incomes for artists. The other is to utilize the traditional arts as a medium to expand Japanese cultural influence in foreign countries and to improve Japan＇s branding as a nation. First, the authors focus on the income security system practiced in traditional Japanese music and describe the discrepancy between short- and long-run optimality. The authors prove that the reputation of this art form affects its popularity and that it is optimal for the Iemoto （the head of the music school） to restrict the number of pupils in onstage performances in order to maintain stage quality. Second, the authors provide evidence that effective methods for a country to expand its cultural influence across the world differ among nations. The authors conduct willingness-to-pay （WTP） experiments and find that while German audiences largely prefer traditional Japanese music, those in the USA are slightly partial to its mixed fusion form. Therefore, the effective ways to expand Japanese cultural influence in foreign countries differ from one country to another.
