The introduction of laparoscopic procedures is one of the milestones of surgical innovation over the past few decades. The advantages of minimally invasive approach have been gradually accepted owing to its less posto...The introduction of laparoscopic procedures is one of the milestones of surgical innovation over the past few decades. The advantages of minimally invasive approach have been gradually accepted owing to its less postoperative pain, reduced morbidity and faster recovery. Also, since the introduction of laparoscopic approach of liver surgery in 1955 （1）, the benefit of the procedure had long been questioned but expected.展开更多
The selection of cooling system for hydro-generator in Ertan Hydropower Station is reviewed in this paper. The new viewpoint on air-cooled system of hydraulic generator of recent years is analyzed and described. That ...The selection of cooling system for hydro-generator in Ertan Hydropower Station is reviewed in this paper. The new viewpoint on air-cooled system of hydraulic generator of recent years is analyzed and described. That is, "Full air-cooled system is always preferred to展开更多
Differential evolution （DE） is a kind of evolutionary algorithms, which is suitable for solving complex optimization problems. Mutation is a crucial step in DE that generates new solutions from old ones. It was argu...Differential evolution （DE） is a kind of evolutionary algorithms, which is suitable for solving complex optimization problems. Mutation is a crucial step in DE that generates new solutions from old ones. It was argued and has been commonly adopted in DE that the solutions selected for mutation should have mutually different indices. This restrained condition, however, has not been verified either theoretically or empirically yet. In this paper, we empirically investigate the selection of solutions for mutation in DE. From the observation of the extensive experiments, we suggest that the restrained condition could be relaxed for some classical DE versions as well as some advanced DE variants. Moreover, relaxing the restrained condition may also be useful in designing better future DE algorithms.展开更多
In China, CM has been applied to treat almost every cancer patient, especially during the observation period after surgery, routine radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Several decades of CM treatment results have shown tha...In China, CM has been applied to treat almost every cancer patient, especially during the observation period after surgery, routine radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Several decades of CM treatment results have shown that CM treatment could be helpful in improving patients＇ physical rehabilitation, relieving symptoms and strengthening immunity. CM also could aid in the decline of rates of recurrence and metastasis, prolong the survival time, and especially, have significant effects on relieving symptoms such as relieving fatigue, improving syndromes caused by conventional therapies （surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and biological treatment）, and indescribable discomforts caused by the unknown reason. It has been found in several studies that conventional medical treatment combined with CM could significantly improve QOL, and reduce treatment-related and disease-related symptoms. Patients treated with CM and Western medicine have higher scores in the fields of psychology, society,展开更多
A computer-assisted method is presented for optimization for the selection of mobile phase composition in semi-preparative HPLC.The optimization for the expected separation is based on a polynomial estimation from fiv...A computer-assisted method is presented for optimization for the selection of mobile phase composition in semi-preparative HPLC.The optimization for the expected separation is based on a polynomial estimation from five preliminary runs.Statistical scanning technique was used for optimization.Double criteria simulation system (DCSS) is established for chromatographic perfor- mance measurement in this method.The validity of the optimization strategy is confirmed by applying it to a technical Cypermethrin separation.Excellent agreement is obtained between the predicted and experimental results.展开更多
In view of the problems in the selection of alternatives which are mutually exclusive and the criticism against the increment principle, this article reveals the cause of the mistake and demonstrates that only the inc...In view of the problems in the selection of alternatives which are mutually exclusive and the criticism against the increment principle, this article reveals the cause of the mistake and demonstrates that only the increment principle and the incremental analysis method is the principle and method that we should follow and adopt in schematizing the economic policy-making.展开更多
Interpretation course aims to help students understand interpreting theories and master interpreting skills.Limited class hours make it difficult to achieve the expected goals.This paper therefore focuses on interpret...Interpretation course aims to help students understand interpreting theories and master interpreting skills.Limited class hours make it difficult to achieve the expected goals.This paper therefore focuses on interpretation teaching and discusses the possible ways to make teaching more effective in the limited class hours.展开更多
BACKGROUND： Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor （EGFR-TKI） targeted treatment has been a standard therapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC）, but it is not tolerated well by al...BACKGROUND： Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor （EGFR-TKI） targeted treatment has been a standard therapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC）, but it is not tolerated well by all patients. In China, some studies have reported that traditional Chinese medicinal herbs （TCMHs） may increase efficacy and reduce toxicity when combined with EGFR-TKI, but outside of China few studies of this kind have been attempted. OBJECTIVE： This study is intended to systematically review the existing clinical evidence on TCMHs combined with EGFR-TKI for treatment of advanced NSCLC. SEARCH STRATEGY： PubMed, the Cochrane Library, the Excerpta Medica Database （EMBASE）, the China BioMedical Literature （CBM）, and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI） and web site of the American Society of Clinical Oncology （ASCO）, the European Society for Medical Oncology （ESMO）, the World Conference of Lung Cancer （WCLC） were searched; the search included all documents published in English or Chinese before October 2013. INCLUSION CRITERIA： We selected randomized controlled trials based on specific criteria, the most important of which was that a TCMH plus EGFR-TKI treatment group was compared with an EGFR-TKI control group in patients with advanced NSCLC. DATA EXTRACTION AND ANALYSIS： The modified Jadad scale was used to assess the quality of studies. For each included study, patient characteristics, treatment details, therapeutic approach and clinical outcomes were collected on a standardized form. When disagreements on study inclusion or data extracted from a study emerged, the consensus of all coauthors provided the resolution. The clinical outcome metrics consisted of objective response rate （ORR; complete response ＋ partial response divided by the total number of patients）, disease control rate （DCR; complete response ＋ partial response ＋ no change divided by the total number of patients）, survival rate, improved or stabilized Karnofsky performance status （KPS）, and severe toxicity. RevMan 5.0 software was used for data syntheses and analyses. Risk ratio （RR） and 95% confidence interval （CI） were calculated; if the hypothesis of homogeneity was not rejected （P〉0.1, I2〈50%）, the fixed-effect model was used to calculate the summary RR and the 95% CI. Otherwise, a random-effect model was used.展开更多
文摘The introduction of laparoscopic procedures is one of the milestones of surgical innovation over the past few decades. The advantages of minimally invasive approach have been gradually accepted owing to its less postoperative pain, reduced morbidity and faster recovery. Also, since the introduction of laparoscopic approach of liver surgery in 1955 （1）, the benefit of the procedure had long been questioned but expected.
文摘The selection of cooling system for hydro-generator in Ertan Hydropower Station is reviewed in this paper. The new viewpoint on air-cooled system of hydraulic generator of recent years is analyzed and described. That is, "Full air-cooled system is always preferred to
基金Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their very constructive and helpful suggestions. This work was supported in part by the National Basic Research Program （973 Program） of China （2011CB013104）, in part by the Innovation-driven Plan in Central South University （2015CXS012 and 2015CX007）, in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant Nos. 61273314 and 61673397）, in part by the EU Horizon 2020 Marie Sldodowska-Curie Individual Fellowships （Project ID： 661327）, in part by the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars （2016JJ1018）, in part by the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University （NCET-13-0596）, and in part by State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Control and Decision of Complex Systems, Beijing Institute of Technology.
文摘Differential evolution （DE） is a kind of evolutionary algorithms, which is suitable for solving complex optimization problems. Mutation is a crucial step in DE that generates new solutions from old ones. It was argued and has been commonly adopted in DE that the solutions selected for mutation should have mutually different indices. This restrained condition, however, has not been verified either theoretically or empirically yet. In this paper, we empirically investigate the selection of solutions for mutation in DE. From the observation of the extensive experiments, we suggest that the restrained condition could be relaxed for some classical DE versions as well as some advanced DE variants. Moreover, relaxing the restrained condition may also be useful in designing better future DE algorithms.
文摘In China, CM has been applied to treat almost every cancer patient, especially during the observation period after surgery, routine radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Several decades of CM treatment results have shown that CM treatment could be helpful in improving patients＇ physical rehabilitation, relieving symptoms and strengthening immunity. CM also could aid in the decline of rates of recurrence and metastasis, prolong the survival time, and especially, have significant effects on relieving symptoms such as relieving fatigue, improving syndromes caused by conventional therapies （surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and biological treatment）, and indescribable discomforts caused by the unknown reason. It has been found in several studies that conventional medical treatment combined with CM could significantly improve QOL, and reduce treatment-related and disease-related symptoms. Patients treated with CM and Western medicine have higher scores in the fields of psychology, society,
文摘A computer-assisted method is presented for optimization for the selection of mobile phase composition in semi-preparative HPLC.The optimization for the expected separation is based on a polynomial estimation from five preliminary runs.Statistical scanning technique was used for optimization.Double criteria simulation system (DCSS) is established for chromatographic perfor- mance measurement in this method.The validity of the optimization strategy is confirmed by applying it to a technical Cypermethrin separation.Excellent agreement is obtained between the predicted and experimental results.
文摘In view of the problems in the selection of alternatives which are mutually exclusive and the criticism against the increment principle, this article reveals the cause of the mistake and demonstrates that only the increment principle and the incremental analysis method is the principle and method that we should follow and adopt in schematizing the economic policy-making.
文摘Interpretation course aims to help students understand interpreting theories and master interpreting skills.Limited class hours make it difficult to achieve the expected goals.This paper therefore focuses on interpretation teaching and discusses the possible ways to make teaching more effective in the limited class hours.
基金supported by business proposals research and special topics of 2012 Annual National TCM Clinical Research Base (No. JDZX2012119)
文摘BACKGROUND： Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor （EGFR-TKI） targeted treatment has been a standard therapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC）, but it is not tolerated well by all patients. In China, some studies have reported that traditional Chinese medicinal herbs （TCMHs） may increase efficacy and reduce toxicity when combined with EGFR-TKI, but outside of China few studies of this kind have been attempted. OBJECTIVE： This study is intended to systematically review the existing clinical evidence on TCMHs combined with EGFR-TKI for treatment of advanced NSCLC. SEARCH STRATEGY： PubMed, the Cochrane Library, the Excerpta Medica Database （EMBASE）, the China BioMedical Literature （CBM）, and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI） and web site of the American Society of Clinical Oncology （ASCO）, the European Society for Medical Oncology （ESMO）, the World Conference of Lung Cancer （WCLC） were searched; the search included all documents published in English or Chinese before October 2013. INCLUSION CRITERIA： We selected randomized controlled trials based on specific criteria, the most important of which was that a TCMH plus EGFR-TKI treatment group was compared with an EGFR-TKI control group in patients with advanced NSCLC. DATA EXTRACTION AND ANALYSIS： The modified Jadad scale was used to assess the quality of studies. For each included study, patient characteristics, treatment details, therapeutic approach and clinical outcomes were collected on a standardized form. When disagreements on study inclusion or data extracted from a study emerged, the consensus of all coauthors provided the resolution. The clinical outcome metrics consisted of objective response rate （ORR; complete response ＋ partial response divided by the total number of patients）, disease control rate （DCR; complete response ＋ partial response ＋ no change divided by the total number of patients）, survival rate, improved or stabilized Karnofsky performance status （KPS）, and severe toxicity. RevMan 5.0 software was used for data syntheses and analyses. Risk ratio （RR） and 95% confidence interval （CI） were calculated; if the hypothesis of homogeneity was not rejected （P〉0.1, I2〈50%）, the fixed-effect model was used to calculate the summary RR and the 95% CI. Otherwise, a random-effect model was used.
