Selection and Breeding of Drought Resistant,Water-saving and High-yield Wheat Variety Cangmai 028

Cangmai 028 was selected and bred according to the climatic characteristic of the winter wheat in Heilonggang Basin taking 98(083)as the female parent and the Canghe 030 as the male parent by "two-row parallel alternate selection" method.Cangmai 028 has characteristics of high resistance,water-saving,high and stable yield,and rich genetic background.This study elaborated selection and breeding background and methods,characteristics,quality,and yield of Cangmai 028.

Breeding and Application Prospects of a New Quinoa Variety Longli 1

Longli 1 （ Chenopod/um qu/noa Willd） was the first new quinoa variety in China, which was bred by Pasture and Green Agriculture Institute of Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences through the methods of line breeding, cultivation and domestication. In muhipeint regional test, the average yield of Longli 1 was 2 100. （30 kg/hm2, which was increased by 9.6% compared to Jingle qulnoa. Langli 1 was a mid-late mature quinoa variety. The plant was brcom-shape, with the plant height of 181.2 - 223.6 cm, the growth period of 128 - 140 d, and the branch number of 23 - 27. The seeds were round pill shaped, with 1 000-grain weight of 2.40 -3.46 g. The contents of crude protein, fat, proline and total phosphorus in seeds were 171.5 -187.8, 56.5 -59.3, 5.5 -6.9 and 4.5 -6.8 g/kg, re- spectively. I_ongli 1 presented resistance against downy mildew and leaf spot, with strong disease-resistant ability. In multipeint regional test and production test, Longli 1 displayed lodging resistance with strong regeneration ability. It also presented resistance to cold, drought, saline and alkaline, and barren, with wide adaptability. Longh 1 was suitable for planting in mountains, plain field and irrigation area with frost-free period greater than 120 d, rainfall more than 250 mm, and altitude 1 500 -3 000 m. The application prospects of quinoa were also put forward in the paper.

Breeding and Application of Guidan 903,a New High-yield and Good-quality Maize Variety

To meet the demand of maize production in Guangxi and even the southwest region of China and realize the upgrading and undating of maize varieties which will continuously improve the yield and quality of maize,a new big-ear maize variety Guidan 903 with high yield,stable yield and good quality was established by the Maize Research Institute of Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences with two self-selected inbred line GRL17349 and GRL21191 as female and male parents seperately.The average yield of this variety were 7429.5 and 7000.5 kg/hm^(2)in Guangxi Maize Regional Trial and Production Test respectively,which increased by 6.3%and 5.6%than the control(Guidan162).It was approved by Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Crop Variety Certification Committee in June 2020(Approval No.Gui sheng yu 2020083).Determined by the Cereal Quality Supervision and Testing Center of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs(Bejjing),the grain bulk density,ratio of crude protein,crude fat,crude starch and lysine of Guidan 903 were 782 g/L,9.41%,6.19%,71.45%,0.35%respectively.This variety has the characterisics of strong resistance to collapse and disease,good quality,high and stable yield and wide adaptability.Furthermore,its seed yield is high with easy production technology and low cost.

Breeding of A New Cucumber Variety ‘Lvyou No.1＇

‘Lvyou No. 1＇,bred in Huasheng Agriculture Limited Liability Company of Shandong Province,is a new cucumber F1 hybrid developed by crossing two inbred lines HS267014 and HS6201. It is an early-maturing variety with wide adaptability,high yield,and good commercial breeding. The plant has strong growth vigor and high resistance to white powder mildew. The first fruit sets on the 4 ^th-5^ th section,and the fruiting ratio of cucumber is 60%-80%. The cylindrical fruit is about 30-35 cm in length,3. 2-3. 5 cm in diameter with light green skin and glossy appearance. This plant has demonstrated adaptability in early-spring and late-autumn planting as well as spring and autumn tunnel planting.

Breeding and High-yield Cultivation Techniques for Oil Sunflower New Variety"Xin Kui No.27"

This paper introduced the breeding process,characteristics,yield performance,disease resistance,quality characters,and suitable production areas of the new early-maturing oil sunflower variety"Xin Kui No.27",and summarized high-yield cultivation techniques based on large-area continuous cultivation demonstration to serve agricultural production.

Key Points of Breeding and Cultivation Techniques of Wushan Crisp Plum,a New Cultivar of Green Crisp Plum

Wushan crisp plum is a new cultivar of green crisp plum with dignified fruit shape,crisp and tender flesh,pit separability and sweet taste.It is bred from natural bud mutant of Jiang'an Dabaili,a local green crisp plum cultivar by Wushan County Fruit Industry Development Center,Southwest University and Chongqing Agricultural Technology Extension Station.Wushan crisp plum has won the gold award in the National High-quality Plum and Apricot Appraise and Elect and the tile of"the king of fruit"in the"Three-Gorge Cup"High-quality Crisp Plum Appraise and Elect.In the southwestern region of China,the planting area of Wushan crisp plum has been extended to 33000 ha.The cultivar has strong robust and fast growth.In the area along the Yangtze River in the Three Gorges Reservoir area of Chongqing,it ripens from early to middle July.The fruit is ovoid and of medium size,with average longitudinal diameter of 3.3 cm,average horizontal diameter of 4.0 cm,average single fruit mass of 37.2 g,carpopodium length of 1.5 cm,and carpopodium diameter of 0.1 cm.The top of the fruit is slightly concave.The peel is green to green-yellow in background color and medium in thickness,with obvious fruit dots and thick white fruit wax.The flesh is light yellow,compact,short in fiber length,juicy,crisp,tender,pure and sweet,with soluble solids content of 12%-15%,titratable acid content of 0.43%-0.72%and vitamin C content of 6.12-8.99 mg/100 g.The pit is small,separable,and oblate.The percentage of edible flesh is up to 94.80%-96.88%.There is no obvious pre-harvest cracking and intra-fruit pectin.The cultivar is mid-ripening and high in yield.In the firm ripe stage,the flesh is crunchy;and after entering the soft ripe stage,the flesh becomes powdery,and the hardness decreases.At room temperature,the fruit is not resistant to storage and transportation.Wushan crisp plum is tolerant to the climate with high temperature,high humidity and less sunshine,with good adaptability.It is suitable for promoting in the upper reaches of Yangtze River within 180-1000 m elevation.

Breeding of Yuetang 08776,a New Sugarcane Variety Suitable for Mechanized Production

[Objectives]To study the breeding of a new sugarcane variety Yuetang 08776 suitable for mechanized production.[Methods]With Yuetang 96-86 as the female parent and Yuetang 99-66 as the male parent,Yuetang 08776 was bred by the Bioengineering Institute of Guangdong Academy of Sciences.It was approved as a non-major crop variety by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs in December,2019.Through many years of multi-pilot trials,the characters,traits and disease resistance of Yuetang 08776 were investigated,and the key points of its cultivation technique were summarized.[Results]Yuetang 08776 is characterized by medium maturity,high sugar content,high and stable yield,strong cold and drought resistance,large number of effective stems,strong ratooning ability and lodging resistance.Yuetang 08776 has excellent agronomic traits,and has been identified as moderately resistant to smut and mosaic disease.The average cane yield of Yuetang 08776 was 119.89 t/ha,18.50 t/ha higher than that of CK,an increase of 18.25%.The average sugar yield was 17.15,2.11 t/ha higher than that of CK,an increase of 14.03%.The average sucrose content of Yuetang 08776 in the early period(November to December)was 13.20%,0.71 percentage points lower than that of CK;in the middle and late period(January to March of the following year),the average sucrose content was 15.23%,0.22 percentage points lower than that of CK;and the average sucrose content of the whole period was 14.21%,0.47 percentage points lower than that of CK.[Conclusions]Yuetang 08776 is a sugarcane variety with medium maturity,high sugar,high and stable yield,strong resistance and good ratooning.It is suitable for mechanized seeding,management and harvesting,and suitable for planting and popularizing in most sugarcane production areas of Guangdong,Guangxi and Yunnan.

A Preliminary Study on the Breeding of Late-maturing Daylily Cultivar Jinlei No.1

In order to stagger the early harvest stage of daylily and critical busy summer farming season in Qingyang City, late-maturing daylily cultivar Jinlei No. 1 was systematically bred from natural variant offspring of Malian daylily. According to the results, late-maturing daylily eultivar Jinlei No. 1 exhibited good agro- nomic traits and strong resistance, The first day of harvest of Jinlei No. 1 was more than 10 d later compared with Malian daylily and Xian daylily ; harvest duration of Jinlei No. 1 was 4 d longer than Malian daylily and 5 d than Xian daylily; the yield of Jinlei No. 1 was improved by 3.41% and 5.16% compared with Malian daylily and Xian daylily, respectively. The cultivation of late-maturing daylily cuhivar Jinlei No. 1 can effectively avoid heavy economic losses caused by overlap period of early harvest of daylily and critical busy summer farming in Qingyang City.

皱木耳‘中菌皱木耳1号’选育

将采自云南省临沧市永德县大雪山乡大平掌村壳斗科(Fagaceae)倒腐木上的野生子实体鉴定为皱木耳(Auricularia delicata),经过组织分离、初筛,以菌株YD-1为对照,通过复筛获得最优菌株,通过拮抗实验、构建系统发育树比较菌株间的差异,通过中试和示范栽培比较菌株间的生物学效率。结果表明:初筛选出菌丝生长旺盛、菌丝生长速度较快和生物学效率较高的分离物ZJZME001、ZJZME002和ZJZME005,复筛时对照菌株YD-1的子实体颜色为黄褐色,分离物ZJZME001、ZJZME002和ZJZME005的子实体颜色为浅黄色,获得最优菌株ZJZME001,与菌株YD-1形成明显的拮抗线;通过系统发育树分析表明菌株ZJZME001为皱木耳,其中试和示范栽培的生物学效率均显著高于对照菌株YD-1,达120%以上;与对照菌株YD-1相比,菌株ZJZME001的子实体的锌、铁、钙、硒、蛋白质和维生素B1含量较高,氨基酸总量也较高,但粗纤维含量较低。2023年9月25日,菌株ZJZME001通过云南省非主要农作物品种鉴定,定名为‘中菌皱木耳1号’。

烤烟新品种川烟102的选育及特征特性

烤烟新品种川烟102是以(K326×云烟85)F_(1)为母本、(NC86×Coker176)F_(1)为父本杂交,以抗TMV和黑胫病为育种目标,经系谱法选育而成的烤烟纯系。该品种田间生长整齐,长势较强,植株为筒形,叶色绿,叶形长椭圆,农艺性状较好;该品种对TMV免疫,中抗黑胫病和赤星病,田间落黄好,较易烘烤,综合经济性状显著优于主对照品种K326,优于副对照品种云烟87;烤后原烟外观质量优于主对照品种K326,与副对照品种云烟87相当;感官质量优于主对照K326和副对照云烟87,综合质量与主对照K326、副对照云烟87相当。川烟102是一个经济性状优、品质好、适应广的烤烟纯系新品种,适宜在安徽等东南烟区、四川等西南烟区种植。

水稻新品种垦研1804的选育、特征特性及栽培技术

垦研1804是黑龙江省农垦科学院水稻研究所2010年以垦稻25为母本、垦稻09-1588为父本杂交,通过南繁加代,经系谱法选育而成的早熟多抗优质粳稻新品种,适宜在黑龙江省第二积温带插秧种植。介绍了垦研1804的选育过程、特征特性及产量表现,并根据生产实际提出了其稳产高产配套栽培技术,为该品种的推广种植提供依据。

水稻新品种垦研1803的选育及特征特性

垦研1803是黑龙江省农垦科学院水稻研究所2010年以空育131为母本、垦鉴稻3号为父本杂交,通过南繁加代,经系谱法选育而成的粳稻新品种。该品种早熟、多抗、优质,适宜在黑龙江省第三积温带插秧种植。对垦研1803的选育过程、产量表现、特征特性等进行了介绍,并从播种及插秧、肥水管理、病虫害防治、冷害预防等方面总结了其栽培技术要点,以期为垦研1803的生产应用提供指导。

山药新品种紫莳药18的选育

紫莳药18是由浙江省台州市传统山药产地的特色地方品种紫莳药变异株经过系统选育而成的山药新品种。该品种单株结薯数一般1~2个,块茎圆柱形,长度26.9 cm左右,直径8.3 cm左右,单株块茎质量1.1 kg左右,块茎表皮颜色褐色,须根少,果肉紫色,肉质较粉,蒸煮易熟烂,食味好。干物质、淀粉、可溶性糖、蛋白质含量(w,后同)分别为32.3 g·100 g^(-1)、21.1 g·100 g^(-1)、0.9 g·100 g^(-1)、2.41 g·100 g^(-1)。在田间炭疽病抗性强于对照。一般667 m^(2)产量1700 kg左右,适宜浙江台州及类似地区种植。2023年4月通过浙江省农作物品种认定委员会认定。

强宿根高产高糖甘蔗新品种云蔗101666的选育与评价

【目的】适应蔗糖产业发展的需求,选育宿根性好的高产高糖甘蔗新品种,保障蔗农和糖企利益,为云南和中国蔗糖产业的可持续发展提供品种支持。【方法】以‘桂糖96-167’为母本、‘崖城93-26’为父本进行甘蔗有性杂交,通过“五圃制”选育程序,经区试试验综合考察‘云蔗101666’的形态特征和生产性状。【结果】‘云蔗101666’蔗茎均匀,株型紧凑直立,中至中大茎,脱叶性好;2017—2019年区试试验中11—3月的蔗糖分分别为:12.80%、14.97%、16.26%、17.09%、17.37%,全期平均蔗糖分达15.46%,比‘新台糖22号’高出0.71个百分点;平均蔗茎产量121.32 t/hm^(2),较‘新台糖22号’增产22.50%;平均糖产量18.67 t/hm^(2),比‘新台糖22号’增产29.20%。该品种中抗黑穗病和条纹花叶病,感高粱花叶病,于2020年7月获植物新品种权。【结论】‘云蔗101666’为中早熟、高产、高糖品种,其抗旱性强,宿根性好,脱叶性佳,适宜在云南德宏、版纳、临沧、富宁蔗区海拔900~1400 m甘蔗产区中等以上肥力的的旱坡地、台地种植。

大荚大粒鲜食大豆新品种‘兴化豆5号’的选育及特征特性

本研究旨在开发适合福建省及其相似生态区种植条件的高产优质鲜食大豆新品种,以促进地区内品种更新、提高产业效率,并支持乡村振兴计划。通过使用‘浙98002’作为母本和‘毛豆389’作为父本进行杂交,采用系谱选择法成功培育出优良品种‘兴化豆5号’。该品种于2020年入选参加福建省鲜食大豆区域试验。在2020—2021年的两年区域试验中,‘兴化豆5号’表现出色,平均鲜荚产量达到11522.7 kg/hm^(2),比对照品种‘毛豆3号’(CK)增产5.67%。其标准荚产量为8261.7 kg/hm^(2),较‘毛豆3号’(CK)增产5.11%,且标准荚率为71.70%。‘兴化豆5号’以其大荚大粒特性及清煮后香甜柔糯的口感而受到好评,属于中晚熟型鲜食大豆品种,适宜于福建省春季播种。2022年7月,‘兴化豆5号’经过福建省农作物品种审定委员会的审定。这一研究成果预示着福建省及类似生态区鲜食大豆种植业的一大步前进,有望为当地农业发展带来积极影响。

国审新品种皖临白山羊培育与种质特性

为更好地保护和开发利用安徽省优良地方羊种,增加我国优质肉羊产能。该研究以地方品种安徽白山羊为基础,引入萨能奶山羊和波尔山羊血缘,开展了皖临白山羊新品种培育。选育结果:经过三元杂交以及横交固定选育四个世代后,新品种皖临白山羊2月龄公羔体重为(12.38±1.63) kg,体高、体长和胸围数据分别达到(46.12±1.51)、(44.15±1.55)和(50.10±1.99) cm;6月龄公羔体重为(31.12±3.14) kg,体高、体长和胸围数据分别达到(63.38±1.98)、(58.95±2.15)和(72.20±2.55) cm;12月龄公羊体重为(52.53±4.01) kg,体高、体长和胸围数据分别达到(71.38±4.11)、(68.55±2.99)和(85.85±3.55) cm;18月龄公羊体重为(66.16±4.78) kg,体高、体长和胸围数据分别达到(81.25±4.10)、(73.44±4.21)和(92.21±4.31) cm;产羔率达255.3%;6月龄公羊屠宰率、净肉率和眼肌面积分别达(54.15±1.42)%、(47.08±0.85)%和(13.01±0.44) cm2;6月龄母羊屠宰率、净肉率和眼肌面积分别达(53.21±0.76)%、(46.56±1.52)%和(12.92±0.78) cm2。可见,皖临白山羊新品种体型较大,背毛白色,全身结构匀称紧凑,背腰宽平,四肢粗壮,蹄质坚实,充分发挥了亲本成活率高、抗逆性强、耐粗饲等优良特点。

高产抗条锈冬小麦新品种天选79号选育报告

为选育适宜甘肃陇南麦区及同类地区推广种植的抗病、丰产且适应性广的冬小麦品种,天水市农业科学研究所以自育高代品系00127-2-2-3作母本、周麦22号作父本配制杂交组合,经多年多点连续鉴定选择,培育成了抗条锈高产冬小麦新品种天选79号。2019—2021年参加甘肃省陇南片川区组区域试验,2 a 10点(次)平均折合产量7437.90 kg/hm^(2),较对照品种兰天33号增产6.87%。2021—2022年度参加生产试验,5点(次)平均折合产量6910.35 kg/hm^(2),较对照品种兰天33号增产3.25%。该品种株高78.4 cm,穗长8.0 cm,每穗粒数40.96粒,籽粒白色,硬质,千粒重46.31 g,有效穗数570万穗/hm^(2)。具有抗条锈、稳产、抗倒伏、籽粒品质优良等特点,适宜在甘肃省天水渭河川道区及陇南麦区低海拔区种植。

适合机械化收获的油菜新品种秦优1618的选育

为选育高油高产强优势适宜机械化栽培的杂交油菜,为生产提供优良油菜品种及创新强优品种的推广模式,通过多年多点试验和定向选择,以化学杀雄不育系“H04A”为母本,综合抗性较好的优质种质资源“DC2R”为父本,育成了适宜机械化收获的强优势甘蓝型双低杂交油菜新品种秦优1618。该品种在国家黄淮区域试验中平均产量3 468.75 kg/hm^(2),比对照秦优7号增产8.5%,含油量46.76%;长江下游区域试验中平均产量2 854.05 kg/hm^(2),比对照秦优10号增产10.67%,含油量49.68%;在大田生产中表现出发育快长势强、耐迟播、耐密植、抗病性好、株高适中(160 cm)、抗倒性强、适合机械化收获的特点。秦优1618适宜在黄淮和长江下游区冬播种植。

大豆杂交育种组合规模与品种选育概率及亲本选用研究

为指导当前与今后的大豆杂交育种工作,以黑龙江省农业科学院佳木斯分院1952-2013年间杂交育种选用的有效亲本和配制的杂交组合及选育的新品种为研究对象,对116个有效亲本和5610个杂交组合及110个品种进行深入系统地研究与分析。结果表明,杂交组合配制规模以每年150~200个为宜,选育品种概率为1.96%;亲本选择要依据育种理论、育种目标和遗传背景;亲本选用原则要坚持高起点、要考虑亲本血缘关系与遗传基础、亲本配合力(一般配合力和特殊配合力)及目标性状遗传特点;亲本使用要确定核心亲本(骨干亲本)与改良亲本,要采用梯级杂交、连续改造或回交转育、定向改良或一母多父,集中围攻或采用多亲本杂交聚合育种。