"Independent Audit basic norms" pointed out independent audit is the CPA entrusted by law, to be conduct an independent review of the accounting statements and related information and issue the audit opinion." In t..."Independent Audit basic norms" pointed out independent audit is the CPA entrusted by law, to be conduct an independent review of the accounting statements and related information and issue the audit opinion." In the stock market, an independent audit is an important means to achieve fair presentation of financial statements by SFC-authorized accounting firm to conduct an independent audit of listed companies. In the open accounting services market, the independent audit is the most occupied audit resources, the most important business, and therefore the business is also subject to severe supervision of the SFC. Its value lies in perform forensic of the financial statements information of listed companies, and the higher the quality, the more it can reduce the risk of material misstatement of the financial statements, which is the need to strengthen and improve audit quality. Our independent audit market originated in the 1980s, along with the reform and opening up, China's economy is experiencing rapid growth, the demand for high quality audit increasingly enhanced. Audit activities have the nature of external and information asymmetry. External audit refers to it have an impact to investors, government departments and the other public stakeholders. Information asymmetry refers to the information asymmetry between the auditor and the audited entity, but due to the presence of asymmetric information and other reasons, the interests of stakeholders will be hurt by false information Government regulation as a model audit industry control, either in foreign or domestic, have played an irreplaceable role, especially in the socialism of China, plays a leading role. For example, when Enron bankruptcy United States speedly issue SOX in 2002 to strengthen the role of government regulation, effectively preventing the conspiracy of the CPA and the audited entity and improve audit quality. Visiblely, the role of government regulation in the audit market is very important.展开更多
When developing and integrating a new environmental legal system under the Environmental Code,the joint regulation of ecology and environment,natural resources and an energy beyond the sphere of mere environmental con...When developing and integrating a new environmental legal system under the Environmental Code,the joint regulation of ecology and environment,natural resources and an energy beyond the sphere of mere environmental concerns can be achieved;the semantic expression of environmental regulation can be expounded.Additionally,through the codification of environmental law,a revolutionary path for the structure of authority can be found.Environmental codification dictates a method for clarification of the boundaries and relations of environmental management authority.Under the theory of Holistic Governance and in the codification process,the reform of environmental regulation authority should be concluded from both vertical and horizontal dimensions,through organizing,integrating,separating,classifying and finally,by establishing a synergy between the central and local governments and their departments.This can break down structural barriers to communication and cooperation of the ecological regulation and resource management authority and help establish uniformity of environmental regulation.展开更多
How should the rural governance order be reconstructed centered on the new authority elements after the collapse of traditional rural governance order with the core of family authority, gentry authority and regime? Th...How should the rural governance order be reconstructed centered on the new authority elements after the collapse of traditional rural governance order with the core of family authority, gentry authority and regime? This is a major problem in the construction of new rural areas of contemporary China. This paper attempts to present a historical picture of the inversely proportional relationship between elements like regime, family authority, gentry authority, financial power, political power, civil rights, and so on, based on review of the change path of rural area governance order tracing back to traditional period, the period of the Republic of China, years before the founding of new China as well as period after reform and opening up. It is believed that"innovations"and"heritages"of traditions must be investigated in the transformation process for the rebuilding of a set of stable and reasonable governance order for rural areas, instead of cutting facts by a certain theory or design. In addition, the actual weight of every authority element in social structure and order in people’s mind should be faced up with, which should be integrated with"regulation"and"virtue".展开更多
The study sought to assess the role and significance of chiefs in the traditional governance system of Cape Coast,Teshie and Kumasi communities in Ghana.This study employed the case study comparative approach.A total ...The study sought to assess the role and significance of chiefs in the traditional governance system of Cape Coast,Teshie and Kumasi communities in Ghana.This study employed the case study comparative approach.A total of 85 participants were selected for the study using the snowballing method of sampling.Data were collected using a four-point Likert scale questionnaire.Data analysis and presentation of results were done by using mean and standard deviation.The study revealed that chieftaincy as an institution is deeply rooted in the local communities.It further revealed that a chief is both the politico-military and religious head.It was recommended that there is the need for the modern state to go beyond just involving chiefs in only sod cutting ceremonies and other state functions to include them in the implementation of local development policies.Further to this,the roles and functions of traditional authorities and local government officials must be well-defined and agreed upon and the public must be made to understand this delineation of responsibilities brought by the government.展开更多
The specific objective of the study was to identify the role of traditional leaders in Cape Coast,Kumasi and Teshie in the governance structure of their societies through the observance of taboos.It was to have a good...The specific objective of the study was to identify the role of traditional leaders in Cape Coast,Kumasi and Teshie in the governance structure of their societies through the observance of taboos.It was to have a good understanding of what constitutes governance and good governance in the context of the indigenous set-up;to assess the current nature of governance related taboos;and to evaluate the impact of contemporary society on taboos and the consequence of any impact of contemporary society on the taboos on indigenous governance.The research was guided by Creswell’s knowledge on research paradigm to describe a researcher’s philosophical view and conceptualization of reality.The research adopted mixed method approach in achieving the objective of the research by obtaining empirical data for the research questions.Two sets of instruments were adopted for data gathering.The first instrument was an interview guide that was used to solicit structured data from the respondents in order to elicit more candid and objective replies.The second instrument was a questionnaire,which was used in order to gather the exact responses relevant to the research from participants.The study found out that traditional rulers occupy unique position,hence in order to maintain certain standards to please their subjects on whose authority they rule,they cannot avoid observing taboos.It further showed that the Chieftaincy institution is an institution that cannot be done away with.It is recommended that both citizens and non-citizens in these traditional societies should be made to appreciate,respect and observe taboos associated with taboo days as a means to promote unity,peace and governance.展开更多
Tax payers’level of compliance behaviour is a major concern to government and tax authorities.Constant losses of tax revenue through bribery,corruption,and abuse of power for personal advantage are perceived to have ...Tax payers’level of compliance behaviour is a major concern to government and tax authorities.Constant losses of tax revenue through bribery,corruption,and abuse of power for personal advantage are perceived to have adversely affected nation’s economic growth and infrastructural development.Many researches have been conducted on taxpayers’compliance,but not many considered the effect of Control of Corruption(COC)in their study.This study looked at the probable influence of COC on individual taxpayers’voluntary tax compliance behaviour in South-West,Nigeria.Survey research design was adopted for the study.Population for the study was 5,216,422 individual taxpayers in three selected states.A validated questionnaire was used to collect data from respondents by means of Stratified and random sampling techniques with a sample size of 1,200 and this gives a response rate of 87.6%.The reliability test using Cronbach’s alpha coefficients ranged from 0.79 to 0.86.The study adopts descriptive and inferential statistics to analyze the data at 0.05 level of significance.The study shows that COC positively influenced voluntary tax compliance among individual taxpayers in the study states(Adj.R2=0.063,F(6,1050)=12.68,p=0.000).There was evidence that trust in government,COC,and employment status have significant relationship with voluntary tax compliance behaviour in the study states(β=0.139,t(1044)=6.125,p=0.000,β=0.154,t(1044)=5.025,p=0.000,β=-0.237,t(1044)=-3.562,p=0.00)while gender,age,and educational level do not have significant relationship with voluntary tax compliance(β=0.036,t(1044)=0.664,p=0.664,β=-0.002,t(1044)=-0.080,p=0.936,β=0.035,t(1044)=1.081,p=0.280),respectively.The study concluded that control of corruption influenced individual voluntary tax compliance.Government should put better stiff strategies in controlling corruption on tax matters,overhaul the internal control mechanism,establish state anti-graft agencies,and put stiff punishment for any fraudulent activity on tax revenue generation while zero tolerance to corruption should be seen and practice.展开更多
Membrane separation technology with the ability to regulate gas/liquid transport and separation is critical for environmental fields, such as sewerage treatment, multiphase separation, and desalination. Although numer...Membrane separation technology with the ability to regulate gas/liquid transport and separation is critical for environmental fields, such as sewerage treatment, multiphase separation, and desalination. Although numerous membranes can dynamically control liquid-phase fluids transport via external stimuli, the transport and separation of gas-phase fluids remains a challenge. Here, we show a temperature-regulation liquid gating membrane that allows in-situ dynamically controllable gas/liquid transfer and multiphase separation by integrating a thermo-wettability responsive porous membrane with functional gating liquid. Experiments and theoretical analysis have demonstrated the temperature-regulation mechanism of this liquid gating system, which is based on thermo-responsive changes of porous membrane surface polarity, leading to changes in affinity between the porous membrane and the gating liquid. In addition, the sandwich configuration with dense Au-coated surfaces and heterogeneous internal components by a bistable interface design enables the liquid gating system to enhance response sensitivity and maintain working stability. This temperature-regulation gas/liquid transfer strategy expands the application range of liquid gating membranes,which are promising in environmental governance, water treatment and multiphase separation.展开更多
文摘"Independent Audit basic norms" pointed out independent audit is the CPA entrusted by law, to be conduct an independent review of the accounting statements and related information and issue the audit opinion." In the stock market, an independent audit is an important means to achieve fair presentation of financial statements by SFC-authorized accounting firm to conduct an independent audit of listed companies. In the open accounting services market, the independent audit is the most occupied audit resources, the most important business, and therefore the business is also subject to severe supervision of the SFC. Its value lies in perform forensic of the financial statements information of listed companies, and the higher the quality, the more it can reduce the risk of material misstatement of the financial statements, which is the need to strengthen and improve audit quality. Our independent audit market originated in the 1980s, along with the reform and opening up, China's economy is experiencing rapid growth, the demand for high quality audit increasingly enhanced. Audit activities have the nature of external and information asymmetry. External audit refers to it have an impact to investors, government departments and the other public stakeholders. Information asymmetry refers to the information asymmetry between the auditor and the audited entity, but due to the presence of asymmetric information and other reasons, the interests of stakeholders will be hurt by false information Government regulation as a model audit industry control, either in foreign or domestic, have played an irreplaceable role, especially in the socialism of China, plays a leading role. For example, when Enron bankruptcy United States speedly issue SOX in 2002 to strengthen the role of government regulation, effectively preventing the conspiracy of the CPA and the audited entity and improve audit quality. Visiblely, the role of government regulation in the audit market is very important.
文摘When developing and integrating a new environmental legal system under the Environmental Code,the joint regulation of ecology and environment,natural resources and an energy beyond the sphere of mere environmental concerns can be achieved;the semantic expression of environmental regulation can be expounded.Additionally,through the codification of environmental law,a revolutionary path for the structure of authority can be found.Environmental codification dictates a method for clarification of the boundaries and relations of environmental management authority.Under the theory of Holistic Governance and in the codification process,the reform of environmental regulation authority should be concluded from both vertical and horizontal dimensions,through organizing,integrating,separating,classifying and finally,by establishing a synergy between the central and local governments and their departments.This can break down structural barriers to communication and cooperation of the ecological regulation and resource management authority and help establish uniformity of environmental regulation.
基金Beijing Social Science Fund Project Research on the Property Ownership of Stock Cooperatives in the Suburbs of Beijing(13SHC029)Beijing Zheng Hangsheng Social Development FundThe initial result of the special doctoral student project of Perfect China Co.,Ltd.Research on China’s Present Property Ownership of Rural Stock Cooperatives
文摘How should the rural governance order be reconstructed centered on the new authority elements after the collapse of traditional rural governance order with the core of family authority, gentry authority and regime? This is a major problem in the construction of new rural areas of contemporary China. This paper attempts to present a historical picture of the inversely proportional relationship between elements like regime, family authority, gentry authority, financial power, political power, civil rights, and so on, based on review of the change path of rural area governance order tracing back to traditional period, the period of the Republic of China, years before the founding of new China as well as period after reform and opening up. It is believed that"innovations"and"heritages"of traditions must be investigated in the transformation process for the rebuilding of a set of stable and reasonable governance order for rural areas, instead of cutting facts by a certain theory or design. In addition, the actual weight of every authority element in social structure and order in people’s mind should be faced up with, which should be integrated with"regulation"and"virtue".
文摘The study sought to assess the role and significance of chiefs in the traditional governance system of Cape Coast,Teshie and Kumasi communities in Ghana.This study employed the case study comparative approach.A total of 85 participants were selected for the study using the snowballing method of sampling.Data were collected using a four-point Likert scale questionnaire.Data analysis and presentation of results were done by using mean and standard deviation.The study revealed that chieftaincy as an institution is deeply rooted in the local communities.It further revealed that a chief is both the politico-military and religious head.It was recommended that there is the need for the modern state to go beyond just involving chiefs in only sod cutting ceremonies and other state functions to include them in the implementation of local development policies.Further to this,the roles and functions of traditional authorities and local government officials must be well-defined and agreed upon and the public must be made to understand this delineation of responsibilities brought by the government.
文摘The specific objective of the study was to identify the role of traditional leaders in Cape Coast,Kumasi and Teshie in the governance structure of their societies through the observance of taboos.It was to have a good understanding of what constitutes governance and good governance in the context of the indigenous set-up;to assess the current nature of governance related taboos;and to evaluate the impact of contemporary society on taboos and the consequence of any impact of contemporary society on the taboos on indigenous governance.The research was guided by Creswell’s knowledge on research paradigm to describe a researcher’s philosophical view and conceptualization of reality.The research adopted mixed method approach in achieving the objective of the research by obtaining empirical data for the research questions.Two sets of instruments were adopted for data gathering.The first instrument was an interview guide that was used to solicit structured data from the respondents in order to elicit more candid and objective replies.The second instrument was a questionnaire,which was used in order to gather the exact responses relevant to the research from participants.The study found out that traditional rulers occupy unique position,hence in order to maintain certain standards to please their subjects on whose authority they rule,they cannot avoid observing taboos.It further showed that the Chieftaincy institution is an institution that cannot be done away with.It is recommended that both citizens and non-citizens in these traditional societies should be made to appreciate,respect and observe taboos associated with taboo days as a means to promote unity,peace and governance.
文摘Tax payers’level of compliance behaviour is a major concern to government and tax authorities.Constant losses of tax revenue through bribery,corruption,and abuse of power for personal advantage are perceived to have adversely affected nation’s economic growth and infrastructural development.Many researches have been conducted on taxpayers’compliance,but not many considered the effect of Control of Corruption(COC)in their study.This study looked at the probable influence of COC on individual taxpayers’voluntary tax compliance behaviour in South-West,Nigeria.Survey research design was adopted for the study.Population for the study was 5,216,422 individual taxpayers in three selected states.A validated questionnaire was used to collect data from respondents by means of Stratified and random sampling techniques with a sample size of 1,200 and this gives a response rate of 87.6%.The reliability test using Cronbach’s alpha coefficients ranged from 0.79 to 0.86.The study adopts descriptive and inferential statistics to analyze the data at 0.05 level of significance.The study shows that COC positively influenced voluntary tax compliance among individual taxpayers in the study states(Adj.R2=0.063,F(6,1050)=12.68,p=0.000).There was evidence that trust in government,COC,and employment status have significant relationship with voluntary tax compliance behaviour in the study states(β=0.139,t(1044)=6.125,p=0.000,β=0.154,t(1044)=5.025,p=0.000,β=-0.237,t(1044)=-3.562,p=0.00)while gender,age,and educational level do not have significant relationship with voluntary tax compliance(β=0.036,t(1044)=0.664,p=0.664,β=-0.002,t(1044)=-0.080,p=0.936,β=0.035,t(1044)=1.081,p=0.280),respectively.The study concluded that control of corruption influenced individual voluntary tax compliance.Government should put better stiff strategies in controlling corruption on tax matters,overhaul the internal control mechanism,establish state anti-graft agencies,and put stiff punishment for any fraudulent activity on tax revenue generation while zero tolerance to corruption should be seen and practice.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52025132, 21621091, 22021001, 22121001, 22275207 and T2241022)the National Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China (2022J02059)+3 种基金the State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles (Qingdao University) (KFKT202221)the 111 Project (B17027, B16029)the Science and Technology Projects of Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (RD2022070601)the Tencent Foundation (The XPLORER PRIZE)。
文摘Membrane separation technology with the ability to regulate gas/liquid transport and separation is critical for environmental fields, such as sewerage treatment, multiphase separation, and desalination. Although numerous membranes can dynamically control liquid-phase fluids transport via external stimuli, the transport and separation of gas-phase fluids remains a challenge. Here, we show a temperature-regulation liquid gating membrane that allows in-situ dynamically controllable gas/liquid transfer and multiphase separation by integrating a thermo-wettability responsive porous membrane with functional gating liquid. Experiments and theoretical analysis have demonstrated the temperature-regulation mechanism of this liquid gating system, which is based on thermo-responsive changes of porous membrane surface polarity, leading to changes in affinity between the porous membrane and the gating liquid. In addition, the sandwich configuration with dense Au-coated surfaces and heterogeneous internal components by a bistable interface design enables the liquid gating system to enhance response sensitivity and maintain working stability. This temperature-regulation gas/liquid transfer strategy expands the application range of liquid gating membranes,which are promising in environmental governance, water treatment and multiphase separation.