Laboratory test on the combined cooling effect of L-shaped thermosyphons and thermal insulation on high-grade roadway construction in permafrost regions

With the completion of the Qinghai-Tibetan Railway,economic development of related areas has been greatly accelerated.This,in return,calls for building or upgrading more roadways,especially high-grade roadways.In cold regions,the thawing of permafrost can induce settlement damage of and even failure to railway (or roadway) embankments.Thermosyphons (self-powered refrigera-tion devices that are used to help keep the permafrost cool) have proved effective in mitigating thaw settlement by maintaining the thermal stability of the embankments.However,for high-grade roadway embankments of great width,stabilizing or cooling ef-fects of traditional geotechnological measures may be limited.To enhance the cooling effect of thermosyphons,an L-shaped thermosyphon was designed.A laboratory test was carried out to study the combined cooling effect of the L-shaped thermosyphon and thermal insulation applying to roadbed construction.The angle between the evaporator and condenser sections of the L-shaped thermosyphon is 134 degrees,and the L-shaped thermosyphon was inserted into the soil at an angle of 5 degrees with the road surface.The tested results show that the L-shaped thermosyphon is effective in removing heat from a roadway in winter.When the ambient air temperature is lower than the soil temperature,the thermosyphon is active and extracts the heat in the soil around it.When the ambient air temperature is higher than the soil temperature,the thermosyphon is inactive,and no heat is in-jected into the soil through the L-shaped thermosyphon.Compared to embankments with straight thermosyphons,the inner parts of the embankments with L-shaped thermosyphons were significantly cooled.It is hoped that the present study would be useful to the application of L-shaped thermosyphons in the construction of high-grade roadways in cold regions.

Analysis and Simulation of S-shaped Waveguide in Silicon-on-insulator

The simulation and analysis of S-shaped waveguide bend are presented.Bend radius larger than 30 mm assures less than 0.5 dB radiation loss for a 4-μm-wide silicon-on-insulator waveguide bend with 2-μm etch depth.Intersection angle greater than 20° provides negligible crosstalk (<-30 dB) and very low insertion loss.Any reduction in bend radius and intersection angle is at the cost of the degradation of characteristics of bent waveguide and intersecting waveguide, respectively.

Shaped Insulating Refractory Product—High Alumina Bricks

1 Scope This standard specifies the classification, shape and dimension, technical requirements, test methods, quality appraisal procedure, packing, marking, transportation, storage, and quality certificate of high alumina insulating bricks.

Shaped Insulating Refractory Products——Determination of Cold Crushing Strength

1 Scope This standard specifies a method for determination of the cold crushing strength of shaped insulating refractory products.

Shaped Insulating Refractory Products——Determination of Permanent Linear Change on Heating

1 Scope This standard covers the definition, technical requirement, apparatus, specimen, test procedure, calculation and test report on permanent linear change of shaped insulating refractory products.

Shaped Insulating Refractory Products——Determination of Bulk Density and True Porosity

1 Scope This standard specifies a method for the determination of the bulk density and true porosity of shaped insulating refractory products.

丽香铁路达落双线中桥增设棚洞结构设计

该文以在建丽香铁路蒙古哨隧道出口与七达里隧道进口间达落双线中桥为工程依托,根据地形地质、落石重量、坡面高差、结构跨度及防护等级等基本情况,分析常规明洞、柔性钢网棚洞、拱桥棚洞、纵向刚架棚洞及横向刚架棚洞各自适用条件,选用合理的棚洞型式及结构尺寸。研究结论表明,对隧道坡面危岩落石重量及高差进行详细的调查分析,是确定采用柔性钢网棚洞还是钢筋砼刚性棚洞的前提。钢筋砼刚性棚洞沿线路方向跨度、冲沟排洪要求及基岩完整程度,是确定刚性棚洞具体类型的关键。落石冲击强度选用路基手册计算法较为合适,落石冲击力按移动荷载考虑,移动步距按2 m考虑为宜。棚洞结构内力及构件尺寸计算时,按落石不同位置的弯矩包络图最不利工况考虑。

在役复合绝缘子伞裙材料老化研究

选取内蒙古电网不同输电线路多支在役复合绝缘子,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线能谱仪(EDS)、傅里叶红外光谱仪(FTIR)、邵氏硬度计及拉伸试验机等仪器对各系列复合绝缘子高压侧伞裙材料性能进行表征分析。结果表明,随着运行年限的增加,绝缘子伞裙表面粗糙度基本呈逐渐增大趋势,而C元素质量分数和Si-CH3峰面积则随运行时间的增加不断下降;此外,硅橡胶材料的老化对伞裙硬度、拉伸强度及断裂伸长率同样具有显著影响。最后,基于各特征参量测试结果建立寿命预测模型,并初步制订复合绝缘子老化性能判断依据。

复采工作面沿空留巷架棚支护技术研究

针对复采工作面沿空留巷巷道顶板和帮部破碎及受多次动压影响的问题,提出了架棚支护的5种形式。针对不同的支护形式,对顶板和帮部的联接部分进行强度计算,提高了支架的整体稳定性和可操作性,为复采工作面沿空留巷巷道支架选型提供了思路。

北方高寒阴湿区双拱双膜保温冷棚羊肚菌人工栽培技术

甘南高寒阴湿区发展食用菌产业具有得天独厚的自然资源条件。针对甘南高寒阴湿区的环境条件和羊肚菌生产实际,因地制宜地设计出高寒阴湿区双拱双膜保温冷棚,并从菌种选择及制备、营养袋制备、整地、栽培方式、播种、菌丝生长及出菇管理、病虫害防治、采收、加工贮藏等方面总结出了双拱双膜保温冷棚羊肚菌人工栽培技术,旨在为北方高寒阴湿区羊肚菌标准化生产和规模化种植提供技术支撑。

泥化软岩巷道的支护优化设计

为解决采用传统U型钢支架对软岩巷道进行支护所面临的冒顶和两帮移近量增加的问题,对1201工作面基本地质条件分析的基础上,分析了传统U型钢支架支护不到位的原因,并提出了采用管棚进行超前支护和注浆加固进行强化支护的理念,并对优化后的效果进行综合评估,得到理想优化效果。

上海虹桥动车所动车检修库接触网绝缘间隙击穿原因分析及整改措施

在简述近年来上海虹桥动车所动车检修库中发生的接触网绝缘间隙击穿故障的基础上,介绍接触网电分段和分段绝缘器布置、分段绝缘器安装形式。通过分解动车组入库检修过程,模拟动车组升降弓、合断主断路器操作,检测接触网电压,分析确定动车组操作过电压是分段绝缘器绝缘间隙击穿和分段绝缘子绝缘端头带电部件与钢桁梁绝缘间隙击穿的原因,提出分段绝缘器选型和安装形式优化措施。优化后,上海虹桥动车所动车检修库中接触网未再发生绝缘间隙击穿故障。

一起1000 kV输电线路复合绝缘子蚀损缺陷问题分析

为分析一起特高压1000 kV线路复合绝缘子蚀损缺陷的原因,通过红外测试、解剖、憎水性试验、等值盐密试验、渗透性试验及水扩散试验等手段对缺陷绝缘子开展了试验分析。结果表明,蚀损位置可产生发热,其发热幅值测试结果与蚀损严重程度、测试所在位置有关。复合绝缘子蚀损位置的伞裙-护套界面均存在气隙,蚀损严重区域气隙内部存在明显的放电痕迹。由此判断蚀损缺陷由复合绝缘子伞裙-护套界面存气隙引发,界面气隙在高场强作用下引起局部放电,长期作用逐步导致电蚀区域的产生和扩展。针对蚀损原因和发热特征,提出了后续运维检修措施建议。

大口黑鲈陆基高位池循环水保温棚养殖新技术

为促进大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides)养殖向高密度、标准化、高质量化发展,在昌爽养殖基地保温棚内建陆基高位圆池,采用陆基高位圆池循环水保温棚养殖技术,经过10个月的养殖,大口黑鲈产量2.25 kg/m^(2),规格0.8~1 kg/尾,销售收入78.75元/m^(2),利润30.3元/m^(2)。利用该技术养殖加州鲈,实现了高密度养殖,充分利用土地资源,既缩短了养殖周期,又降低了运行成本,增加了经济效益。

开拓巷道围岩变形严重段加固技术研究

依据2采区运输大巷现场条件、围岩变形特征及巷道钻孔窥视成果等,分析巷道局部围岩变形严重的主要原因为围岩强度低且破碎、地质构造及采动压力叠加影响、原有支护方式不合理等。为此,提出通过锚注+U型钢可伸缩支架+锚杆补强方式对巷道围岩进行补强加固,具体措施为:(1)通过注浆提高围岩承载能力及强度;(2)U型钢可伸缩支架+锚杆可充分发挥被动支护及主动支护优势,给巷道围岩较大的支护作用力。结合2采区运输大巷现场情况具体给出巷道加固技术方案,现场应用后,2采区运输大巷围岩变形严重问题得以较好解决,其中监测到顶板、巷帮变形量分别稳定在76 mm、54 mm,巷道断面收敛量较小,可满足后续使用需要。

Coupled DEM-FDM analyses of the effects of falling rock’s shape and impact angle on response of granular cushion and rock shed

Rock shed is an effective protection measure against rockfall.To investigate the influences of falling rock’s shape and impact angle on the impact effect of the cushioned rock shed,a modeling approach for a rock shed with a cushion layer using PFC-FLAC.The granular cushion is modeled as an aggregate of discrete non-cohesion particles,while the concrete plate and the beam are modeled as zones.The falling rock with different sphericities and impact angles is modeled as a rigid assembly.The numerical model is validated by comparing the simulation results with experimental and numerical results from previous literature.This model is applied to analyze the effects of rock shape and impact angle on the dynamic interaction effects between falling rock and cushioned rock shed,including the impact force,transmitted bottom force,penetration depth,and plate deflection.The numerical results show that the variation in the falling rock’s shape has different effects on the falling rock with different impact angles.These findings could support rock shed design by revealing the limitations of the assumptions in the past research,which may result in unsafe rock sheds for some rockfall cases.

两种类型干煤棚的表面风压与整体风荷载对比

通过测压风洞试验对比三心圆型和子弹头型干煤棚的风压分布和整体风荷载,分析两类干煤棚体型系数随风向角的分布,将干煤棚的体型系数与规范值进行对比,比较两类干煤棚随风向角的整体风荷载,给出子弹头型干煤棚中间与两侧的整体力系数。研究表明:三心圆型干煤棚在墙面正迎风情况下屋面迎风侧负压较大,中间及背风侧负压较小;两类干煤棚的极值负压均出现在斜风向的顶部附近;侧面正迎风情况下GB规范的正压小于试验值,AIJ规范和EN规范的负压大于试验值,体型系数随角度变化剧烈,规范中分段体型系数表达并不合理,提出基于三角函数的体型系数拟合公式;三心圆型干煤棚升力系数小于同样矢跨比的子弹头型;从设计控制角度三心圆型干煤棚的整体平均风荷载小于子弹头型。

π型钢夹层板的隔声特性研究

基于有限元软件,对夹层板结构在平面波垂直入射条件下的隔声效果进行数值仿真,讨论夹层板在不同的面板厚度、夹芯厚度、夹芯高度、夹芯与面板夹角等结构参数下,固有频率和隔声的变化,结果表明在0~800 Hz范围内增加上下面板厚度和夹芯厚度对减振和隔声性能的提升有较好效果;夹芯高度和面板夹角在给定频率范围内较小时有利于振动和隔声效果。通过两端固支梁模型以及隔声量的理论与仿真对比,验证了本文数值方法的有效性。

中国城市隧道遮光棚现状统计分析及展望

为促进隧道遮光棚的发展,全面阐述中国城市隧道遮光棚的研究进展和建设现状。首先,通过文献调研梳理国内外隧道遮光棚的研究成果;其次,借助百度实景地图,调研中国291座城市隧道遮光棚的建设现状;然后,以理论研究和建设实践对比的方式,总结城市隧道遮光棚的应用范围、设置长度、减光构造、棚体色彩、洞顶形态等特点。实践与理论的偏差主要体现为:1)遮光棚的应用比例低(43.4%)、长度较短(43.8 m);2)遮光棚的不适眩光问题显著(57.3%),背景色彩普遍未采用暗色调(86.1%);3)针对遮光棚诱导色彩和诱导形态的研究相对滞后。最后,针对存在的问题,提出相应的展望。

结构干扰对煤棚表面风荷载影响的试验研究

为了确保大跨煤棚结构不被风荷载破坏,通过刚性模型测压风洞试验研究有、无干扰对煤棚结构风荷载的影响。结果表明:结构正对来流方向主要承受风压力作用,屋盖顶部主要承受风吸力作用,屋盖顶部风吸力最大;风荷载沿风向表现明显梯度,具有渐变性;施扰煤棚遮挡效应整体减小了受扰煤棚的风荷载,但也要注意干扰造成受扰煤棚局部风荷载变大的不利影响;当待测模型和干扰模型沿风向并列布置时,结构中间区域风荷载几乎不随跨向位置改变而改变,结构沿展向部分区域风荷载急剧变化。研究结果可为大跨煤棚结构抗风设计提供参考依据。