A General Method to Study the Sound Radiation of a Finite Cylindrical Shell Based on Elastic Theory

A general method was proposed to study the sound and vibration of a finite cylindrical shell with elastic theory. This method was developed through comprehensive analysis of the uncoupled Helmholtz equation obtained by the decomposition of elastic equations and the structure of the solution of a finite cylindrical shell analyzed by thin shell theory. The proposed method is theoretically suitable for arbitrary thickness of the shell and any frequency. Also, the results obtained through the method can be used to determine the range of application of the thin shell theory. Furthermore, the proposed method can deal with the problems limited by the thin shell theory. Additionally, the method can be suitable for several types of complex cylindrical shell such as the ring-stiffened cylindrical shell, damped cylindrical shell, and double cylindrical shell.

Nonlinear thermo-mechanical stability of eccentrically stiffened functionally graded material sandwich doubly curved shallow shells with general sigmoid law and power law according to third-order shear deformation theory

In this paper, the nonlinear analysis of stability of functionally graded ma- terial （FGM） sandwich doubly curved shallow shells is studied under thermo-mechanical loads with material properties obeying the general sigmoid law and power law of four ma- terial models. Shells are reinforced by the FGM stiffeners and rest on elastic foundations. Theoretical formulations are derived by the third-order shear deformation theory （TSDT） with the von Karman-type nonlinearity taking into account the initial geometrical im- perfection and smeared stiffener technique. The explicit expressions for determining the critical buckling load and the post-buckling mechanical and thermal load-deflection curves are obtained by the Galerkin method. Two iterative algorithms are presented. The effects of the stiffeners, the thermal element, the distribution law of material, the initial imper- fection, the foundation, and the geometrical parameters on buckling and post-buckling of shells are investigated.

Buckling analysis of shear deformable composite conical shells reinforced by CNTs subjected to combined loading on the two-parameter elastic foundation

The main objective of this study is to investigate the buckling analysis of CCSs reinforced by CNTs subjected to combined loading of hydrostatic pressure and axial compression resting on the twoparameter elastic foundation(T-P-EF).It is one of the first attempts to derive the governing equations of the CCSs reinforced with CNTs,based on a generalized first-order shear deformation shell theory(FSDST)which includes shell-foundation interaction.By adopting the extended mixing rule,the effective material properties of CCSs reinforced by CNTs with linear distributions are approximated by introducing some efficiency parameters.Three carbon nanotube distribution in the matrix,i.e.uniform distribution(U)and V and X-types linear distribution are taken into account.The stability equations are solved by using the Galerkin procedure to determine the combined buckling loads(CBLs)of the structure selected here.The numerical illustrations cover CBLs characteristics of CCSs reinforced by CNTs in the presence of the T-P-EF.Finally,a parametric study is carried out to study the influences of the foundation parameters,the volume fraction of carbon nanotubes and the types of reinforcement on the CBLs.

TRANSIENT THERMAL RESPONSE IN THICK ORTHOTROPIC HOLLOW CYLINDERS WITH FINITE LENGTH:HIGH ORDER SHELL THEORY

The transient thermal response of a thick orthotropic hollow cylinder with finite length is studied by a high order shell theory. The radial and axial displacements are assumed to have quadratic and cubic variations through the thickness, respectively. It is important that the radial stress is approximated by a cubic expansion satisfying the boundary conditions at the inner and outer surfaces, and the corresponding strain should be least-squares compatible with the strain derived from the strain-displacement relation. The equations of motion are derived from the integration of the equilibrium equations of stresses, which are solved by precise integration method （PIM）. Numerical results are.obtained, and compared with FE simulations and dynamic thermo-elasticity solutions, which indicates that the high order shell theory is capable of predicting the transient thermal response of an orthotropic （or isotropic） thick hollow cylinder efficiently, and for the detonation tube of actual pulse detonation engines （PDE） heated continuously, the thermal stresses will become too large to be neglected, which are not like those in the one time experiments with very short time.

Asymptotically Confirmed Hypotheses Method for the Construction of Micropolar and Classical Theories of Elastic Thin Shells

In the present paper asymptotic solution of boundary-value problem of three-dimensional micropolar theory of elasticity with free fields of displacements and rotations is constructed in thin domain of the shell. This boundary-value problem is singularly perturbed with small geometric parameter. Internal iteration process and boundary layers are constructed, problem of their jointing is studied and boundary conditions for each of them are obtained. On the basis of the results of the internal boundary-value problem the asymptotic two-dimensional model of micropolar elastic thin shells is constructed. Further, the qualitative aspects of the asymptotic solution are accepted as hypotheses and on the basis of them general applied theory of micropolar elastic thin shells is constructed. It is shown that both the constructed general applied theory of micropolar elastic thin shells and the classical theory of elastic thin shells with consideration of transverse shear deformations are asymptotically confirmed theories.

Mechanical Properties of Graphene within the Framework of Gradient Theory of Adhesion

The gradient model of two-dimensional defectless medium is formulated. A graphene sheet is examined as an example of such two-dimensional medium. The problem statement of a graphene sheet deforming in its plane and the bending problem are examined. It is ascertained that the statement of the first problem is equivalent to the flat problem statement of Toupin gradient theory. The statement of the bending problem is equivalent to the plate bending theory of Timoshenko with certain reserves. The characteristic feature of both statements is the fact that the mechanical properties of the sheet of graphene are not defined by “volumetric” moduli but by adhesive ones which have different physical dimension that coincides with the dimension of the corresponding stiffness of classical and nonclassical plates.

Nonlinear free vibration of piezoelectric cylindrical nanoshells

The nonlinear vibration characteristics of the piezoelectric circular cylindrical nanoshells resting on an elastic foundation are analyzed. The small scale effect and thermo-electro-mechanical loading are taken into account. Based on the nonlocal elasticity theory and Donnell's nonlinear shell theory, the nonlinear governing equations and the corresponding boundary conditions are derived by employing Hamilton's principle. Then,the Galerkin method is used to transform the governing equations into a set of ordinary differential equations, and subsequently, the multiple-scale method is used to obtain an approximate analytical solution. Finally, an extensive parametric study is conducted to examine the effects of the nonlocal parameter, the external electric potential, the temperature rise, and the Winkler-Pasternak foundation parameters on the nonlinear vibration characteristics of circular cylindrical piezoelectric nanoshells.

Neumann＇s method for boundary problems of thin elastic shells

The possibility of using Neumann＇s method to solve the boundary problems for thin elastic shells is studied. The variational statement of the static problems for the shells allows for a problem examination within the distribution space. The convergence of Neumann＇s method is proven for the shells with holes when the boundary of the domain is not completely fixed. The numerical implementation of Neumann＇s method normally requires significant time before any reliable results can be achieved. This paper suggests a way to improve the convergence of the process, and allows for parallel computing and evaluation during the calculations.

Modeling and analysis of nonlinear mechanics of a super-thin elastic rod

Nonlinear mechanics for a super-thin elastic rod with the biological background of DNA super-coiling macromolecules is an interdisciplinary research area of classical mechanics and molecular biology. It is also a subject of dynamics and elasticity because elastic bodies are analyzed via the theory of dynamics. It is in frontiers of general mechanics （dynamics and control）. This dissertation is devoted to model a constrained super-thin elastic rod and analyze its stability in equilibrium. The existing research results are summarized. Analytical mechanics is systematically applied to model the elastic rod. The Schroedinger equation for complex curvatures or complex bending moments is, respectively, extended from the case of circular crosssections to that of non-circular ones. The equilibrium of a rod constrained on a surface is investigated.

On Axially Symmetric Vibrations of Fluid Filled Poroelastic Spherical Shells

Employing Biot’s theory of wave propagation in liquid saturated porous media, waves propagating in a hollow poroelastic closed spherical shell filled with fluid are studied. The frequency equation of axially symmetric vibrations for a pervious and an impervious surface is obtained. Free vibrations of a closed spherical shell are studied as a particular case when the fluid is vanished. Frequency as a function of ratio of thickness to inner radius is computed in absence of dissipation for two types of poroelastic materials each for a pervious and an impervious surface. Results of previous works are obtained as a particular case of the present study.

A First Principles Investigation of the Mechanical Properties of g-TlN

We investigate the structure and mechanical properties of proposed graphene-like hexagonal thallium nitride monolayer (g-TlN) using first-principles calculations based on density-functional theory. Compared to graphene-like hexagonal boron nitride monolayer (g-BN), g-TlN is much softer, with 12% in-plane stiffness, 25%, 22%, and 20% ultimate strengths in armchair, zigzag, and biaxial strains respectively. However, g-TlN has a larger Poisson’s ratio, 0.69, about 3.1 times that of g-BN. It was found that the g-TlN also sustains much smaller strains before rupture. We obtained the second, third, fourth, and fifth order elastic constants for a rigorous continuum description of the elastic response of g-TlN. The second order elastic constants, including in-plane stiffness, are predicted to monotonically increase with pressure while the Poisson’s ratio monotonically decreases with increasing pressure.

The Continuum Stored Energy for Constitutive Modeling Finite Deformations of Polymeric Materials

With symmetries measured by the Lie group and curvatures revealed by differential geometry, the continuum stored energy function possesses a translational deformation component, a rotational deformation component, and an ellipsoidal volumetric deformation component. The function, originally developed for elastomeric polymers, has been extended to model brittle and ductile polymers. The function fits uniaxial tension testing data for brittle, ductile, and elastomeric polymers, and elucidates deformation mechanisms. A clear distinction in damage modes between brittle and ductile deformations has been captured. The von Mises equivalent stress has been evaluated by the function and the newly discovered break-even stretch. Common practices of constitutive modeling, relevant features of existing models and testing methods, and a new perspective on the finite elasticity-plasticity theory have also been offered.

弹性环梁支撑下圆形深基坑支护结构变形解析解

将环梁和支护结构分别视为弹性圆环和弹性圆柱薄壳,基于环梁和圆柱壳的变形协调,得到了具有任意数目弹性环梁支撑圆形深基坑支护结构变形的解析解.在验证解析解合理性和可靠性的基础上,针对某一实际圆形基坑工程,比较了在刚性和弹性环梁支撑下支护结构变形和内力的差异,并分析了支护结构底部边界条件、环梁弹性模量、尺寸和数量以及位置等参数对支护结构变形和内力分布的影响.研究结果表明:相对于刚性环梁支撑,弹性环梁支撑处内力变化较小,环梁弹性模量和尺寸的改变只对基坑挖掘面以上支护结构变形和内力影响显著,而对挖掘面以下的支护结构变形和内力几乎没有影响.该研究成果为圆形基坑支护结构设计提供了理论依据和指导.

圆形基坑极正交各向异性支护结构变形解析分析

考虑圆形深基坑支护结构轴向和环向配筋的差异,将支护结构简化为极正交各向异性圆柱薄壳,研究了分层土体中具有弹性支撑环梁约束的支护结构轴对称变形和内力特征.首先,将弹性支撑环梁的约束解除,代之以沿环向分布的未知集中力,基于弹性环梁和圆柱壳的边界条件和变形协调条件,得到了分层土体中具有弹性支撑环梁支护结构轴对称变形的解析解.其次,以上海地区某一圆形深基坑支护结构为例,揭示了支护结构环向和纵向弹性模量、环梁刚度、土体重度和静止土压力系数等因素对支护结构内力和变形的影响,结果表明:支护结构以环向承压为主,轴向弯曲为辅,故其环向刚度对径向位移的影响要明显大于其轴向刚度的影响,但材料参数对内力分布影响较弱;环梁刚度的增加可有效限制支护结构的变形,但会引起支护结构在支撑环梁处内力的显著增大;土层性质相差不大区域的支护结构可按均质土中支护结构进行分析,而土层性质有较大突变区域的支护结构分析则需考虑土层的分层效应.

混合边界护顶层力学模型及应用

对于直接顶板稳固性较差的矿山,通常需留设护顶层以防止直接顶板的垮塌。为了保证矿山的安全开采,确定合理的护顶层厚度至关重要。针对房柱法开采的采空区顶板进行结构力学解析,将护顶层视作四边中部自由其余部分固支的薄板,即混合边界薄板;利用功的互等法推导出混合边界薄板的挠曲面方程,构建混合边界护顶层力学模型,在此基础上得到护顶层安全厚度的计算公式。将混合边界薄板与四边固支薄板的变形情况进行对比时发现,混合边界薄板的挠度整体大于四边固支薄板挠度,混合边界自由段长度与最大挠度值呈正相关。将理论分析和数值模拟结合应用在某铝土矿No.9采场上,确定了护顶层安全厚度为1 m,验证了力学模型的准确性。

功能梯度形状记忆合金纳米梁力学性能研究

功能梯度形状记忆合金(Functionally Graded Shape Memory Alloys,FG⁃SMA)兼具功能梯度材料和形状记忆合金的双重特性,故在航空航天、生物医疗、微机电系统(Micro Electro Mechanical System,MEMS)中得到了广泛的应用。当微结构尺度达到纳米尺度,表面效应对微结构力学性能的影响是十分显著的。为了探究表面效应对功能梯度形状记忆合金纳米梁力学性能的影响规律,基于梁弯曲理论及Gurtin⁃Murdoch表面弹性理论,考虑拉压不对称、温度对FG⁃SMA纳米梁的影响,建立了考虑表面效应的FG⁃SMA纳米梁相变力学模型。分析了梯度指数、载荷、温度及拉压不对称系数对FG⁃SMA纳米梁力学性能的影响规律。研究表明,弯矩、梯度指数对截面响应影响显著,而温度和拉压不对称系数对其影响较小;忽略表面效应的影响会低估FG⁃SMA纳米梁的抗弯性;在弯矩达到一定程度后,表面效应对FG⁃SMA纳米梁中性轴偏移趋势影响不大。研究结果对FG⁃SMA纳米梁在微机电领域的设计及应用提供了一定的基础与依据。

转子不对中对气体箔片轴承静态性能的影响分析

在轴承-转子系统中,转子不对中现象时有发生,其对轴承性能具有较大影响,目前关于气体箔片轴承的研究大部分都是二维模型,无法考虑轴承的轴向变形差异,从而无法分析转子不对中现象。本文使用壳理论对气体箔片轴承进行三维建模,平箔片和波箔片采用壳单元模拟,并考虑膜效应、弯曲效应和剪切效应。箔片与平箔之间的摩擦接触则采用点线接触,并通过罚函数法计算接触力。库仑摩擦模型具有高度非线性,为了避免数值求解困难,需要对其进行规则化处理,采用增量迭代法进行求解。结果表明,该模型能够有效地对箔片轴承的性能进行模拟。当转子不对中时,箔片轴承中的气膜厚度在轴向上分布不均匀,最小气膜厚度随倾斜角的增大而减小,倾斜角几乎不影响转子偏心率,平箔片一端的变形量要远远大于另一端,这会使箔片轴承的承载能力下降,甚至造成破坏。

基于超声纵横波原位法的螺栓预紧力检测研究

针对超声纵横波的螺栓预紧力原位测量精度受几何层面和材料层面因素的影响,通过声弹力学的理论推导,提出了基于形状因子和材料因子的螺栓预紧力超声原位检测模型,并对多种规格、等级、厂商的螺栓的形状因子和材料因子的影响进行试验。结果表明,本测量方法具有较高的拟合度,且可将形状因子λ<0.3作为适用条件。由此得出,通过测量验证了理论推导的正确性,定量地获得了各种因素对测量精度的影响范围,为建立纵横波虚拟标定曲线算法和数据库提供了坚实的基础。

Winkler弹性介质中多孔功能梯度材料截锥壳的弯曲

弹性介质中板壳结构的力学特性研究,大都假设结构体在变形过程中始终与介质紧密接触。为研究可脱离的Winkler弹性介质中含孔隙功能梯度材料截锥壳在环向荷载作用下的弯曲问题,以陶瓷材料质量分数、体积指数和孔隙率为控制参数,根据混合律计算含均匀孔隙功能梯度材料的物性参数。基于Donnell经典薄壳理论和Hamilton原理,建立Winkler弹性介质和环向荷载共同作用下截锥壳的平衡方程和变形协调方程。考虑锥壳两端简支边界条件,采用Galerkin积分法求解得到截锥壳弯曲挠度的解析解。研究在弹性介质与壳体接触和脱离两种情况下,孔隙率、功能梯度材料组成和截锥壳尺寸等因素对壳体挠度值的影响。结果表明,截锥壳挠度值随着孔隙率、体积指数、壳体长径比、径厚比和半锥角的增大而增大,随着陶瓷质量分数的增大而减小。截锥壳与Winkler弹性介质接触时的挠度值比脱离时小,这是因弹性介质对壳体有一定的反作用力。在截锥壳母线方向上,其中部的挠度值较大,而由中部到两端的挠度值逐渐减小;在截锥壳环向方向上,其挠度值呈现周期变化。分析多孔FGM截锥壳在弹性介质和环向荷载作用下的弯曲问题,为FGM截锥壳在工程领域中的应用提供了理论基础。

基层材料及层位设置对沥青路面力学响应的研究

为研究不同基层条件下沥青路面的结构力学响应,基于层状弹性体系理论,采用有限元分析软件,探明基层材料类型、基层层位设置对沥青路面力学响应的影响规律。结果表明,采用半刚性材料基层,沥青面层底部受压;采用柔性材料基层,沥青面层底部受拉;面层应力和基层模量呈负相关。半刚性、柔性材料组合的基层,沥青面层底部的受力状态仅与柔性材料设置的层位相关;半刚性基层受力状态与层位设置无关。