Constructing a raster-based spatio-temporal hierarchical data model for marine fisheries application

Marine information has been increasing quickly. The traditional database technologies have disadvantages in manipulating large amounts of marine information which relates to the position in 3-D with the time. Recently, greater emphasis has been placed on GIS （geographical information system）to deal with the marine information. The GIS has shown great success for terrestrial applications in the last decades, but its use in marine fields has been far more restricted. One of the main reasons is that most of the GIS systems or their data models are designed for land applications. They cannot do well with the nature of the marine environment and for the marine information. And this becomes a fundamental challenge to the traditional GIS and its data structure. This work designed a data model, the raster-based spatio-temporal hierarchical data model （RSHDM）, for the marine information system, or for the knowledge discovery fi＇om spatio-temporal data, which bases itself on the nature of the marine data and overcomes the shortages of the current spatio-temporal models when they are used in the field. As an experiment, the marine fishery data warehouse （FDW） for marine fishery management was set up, which was based on the RSHDM. The experiment proved that the RSHDM can do well with the data and can extract easily the aggregations that the management needs at different levels.

Problems and Countermeasures of Logistics in the Marine Fisheries Industry

Based on the connotation of marine fisheries logistics,the thesis gives a brief account of its features:firstly,it is more susceptible to natural conditions;secondly,the aquatic logistics is with strong specialized assets;thirdly,the aquatic products market has relative greater uncertainties;fourthly,it calls for higher logistics technology;fifthly,it is difficult to conduct supply chain management.Then the thesis analyzes the problems in the marine fisheries industry:the first problem is the imperfect standardization system of the aquatic logistics;the second is the backward development in the cold storage of the marine fisheries;the third is low information-based degree of marine fisheries logistics system;the fourth one is the low level of the value-added services;the fifth problem is the immature participants in logistics.In order to solve these problems,this thesis further proposes some countermeasure to develop the logistics in the marine fisheries industry:at first,to build various forms of logistics organization entities;secondly,to gradually realize the integration of logistics functions and performance;thirdly,to strengthen the information construction of marine fisheries logistics;at last,to reinforce the government roles in developing the logistics industry of aquatic products.

Ecological footprint and vulnerability of marine capture fisheries in China

China(herein referred as China’s mainland,and excluding Hong Kong,Macao and Taiwan)ranks as the world’s leading fishing nation,with approximately 11.1 million tons of domestic marine catch acquired in 2017.Marine fisheries resources in China are mainly exploited by its 11 coastal provinces and municipalities,and the development of fishing industry varies among them.However,few studies have examined the exploitation history of the 11 coastal provinces and municipalities.In this paper,we systematically quantified the exploitation history of marine fishery resources in China and then measured the vulnerability of the 11 coastal provinces and municipalities of China to a reduction in marine catches.Our analysis suggested that Chinese marine fisheries experienced rapid growth from the mid-1980 s to the end of the 20 th century,and this rapid increase in marine catches were mainly promoted by increased fishing effort.The total primary production required level amounted to approximately 80%of the average primary productivity in 2017,and Zhejiang,Fujian,Shandong,Hainan and Guangdong provinces were the main fishing provinces in China.By assessing three dimensions of vulnerability(exposure,sensitivity and adaptive capacity)to the impacts of a reduction in marine catches in the 11 coastal provinces and municipalities,we found that Hainan,Guangxi,Zhejiang and Fujian provinces had high or very high vulnerability,while the municipalities of Shanghai and Tianjin had low vulnerability.Identifying suitable adaptation policies and management plans based on the differences in vulnerability among coastal provinces is important in sustainable fisheries management.

Spatio-temporal Evolution of Marine Fishery Industry Ecosystem Vulnerability in the Bohai Rim Region

The building of the ocean power strategy and the implementation of the blue agriculture plan urgently need to strengthen the sustainable development of marine fishery.Taking vulnerability as the starting point, this paper constructs the vulnerability index system of marine fishery industry ecosystem from the aspects of sensitivity and response capacity, and combines the entropy method with the Topsis to comprehensively analyze the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of vulnerability of marine fishery industry ecosystem in the Bohai Rim Region from 2001 to 2015.The results show that: 1) In the time dimension, from 2001 to 2015, the vulnerability of the marine fishery industry ecosystem in the Bohai Rim Region shows a fluctuant and degressive trend;2) In the spatial dimension, the spatial distribution of the marine fishery industry ecosystem vulnerability in the Bohai Rim Region presents the gradient characteristics which shows high vulnerability in the east and low vulnerability in the west.According to the evolution track of the system’s vulnerability level, the vulnerability of the marine fishery industry ecosystem is divided into ‘declining’ and ‘stable’ types of evolutionary structures;3) The development of marine fishery in the Bohai Rim Region needs to be derived from the marine fishery’s ecological environment and the industrial development mode and structure, which can improve the marine environment remediation efforts, optimize the marine fishery industry structure, vigorously focus on pelagic fishery, and enhance the introduction of marine fishery’s science and technology talents, etc.Then, the marine fishery’s development in the Bohai Rim Region will be moving in the green, circular and sustainable direction.

Measurement and Evolution of High-quality Development Level of Marine Fishery in China

High-quality development of marine fisheries provides an important advantage for China to build itself into a maritime power and implement the Blue Granary Plan effectively.Based on the concepts of‘new development’,‘food security’,and the six dimensions of‘openness,innovation,coordination,green,sharing,and security’,in this study,we established an evaluation index system for the high-quality development of China’s marine fishery sector.We applied the entropy method to evaluate the high-quality development level of China’s marine fishery sector from 2000 to 2016 and explored its spatial and temporal evolution rules.Our results indicated that:1)from 2000 to 2016,China’s marine fishery sector was in the primary stage of high-quality development;2)spatially,the highquality development of marine fisheries showed an upward trend in all provinces,autonomous regions,and municipalities in the country(not including Hong Kong,Macao and Taiwan of China),and with time,the distribution pattern changed from single to multi-polarization;3)temporally,the development level of high-quality marine fisheries fluctuated during the study period.From 2000 to 2010,the growth rate in openness was relatively slow,but after 2010,it increased rapidly.Notably,innovation is the driving force for high-quality development.The green and security factors provide a solid guarantee for high-quality development.In the high-quality development of a region,economic development is better coordinated,and the distribution of benefits is more inclusive.This study provides a theoretical basis to formulate effective marine fishery policies for the high-quality development of the marine fishery sector in China.Exploring the high-quality development and evolution process of marine fishery is conducive to promoting the sustainable development of marine fishery industry,ensuring marine fishery food security,and alleviating global food crisis.

Effects of Climate Change on Marine Organisms

Global warming has become a global challenge having dire consequences on different aspects of the environment due to the melting of glaciers, excess carbon dioxide (CO2), and excess warming of water bodies among others. At a faster pace recently, climate change is affecting the marine environment, causing numerous alterations. Here, we address its consequences and the numerous alterations, which are more vital for researchers and global agencies to advocate more on why it’s essential to lessen the impact of climate change. Our review showed that the impacts of climate change are articulated at several stages of the marine ecosystem where it affects the inhabitants and their habitats. In response to climate change (ocean warming) marine species shift their latitudinal range to find suitable conditions leading to the redistribution of species. In addition, we found that growth reduction, sub-optimal behaviors, and reduced immune-competence of marine organisms, are as a result of thermal stress due to climate change. Also, the periodic changes in temperature above or below the optimum have a meditative reproductive effect on marine species, including fish. Finally, we discovered that due to higher water temperatures, several diseases showcase greater virulence in the sense that the marine species become less resistant to these diseases due to stress, increased virulence stimuli, or increased transmission.

Analysis of Decoupling of Economic Growth and Resource Consumption in China’s Marine Fishery

The marine fishery resources are declining with the increase of fishing intensity, and the sustainable development of marine fishery economy has become the focus of attention. In this paper, the economic loss of marine natural fishery resources is taken as the undesired output. The SBM model is used to evaluate the economic efficiency of marine fisheries in 11 provinces and cities in China’s coastal areas from 2004 to 2015. Based on this, decoupling theory is adopted to analyze the spatial and temporal evolution pattern of marine fishery economic efficiency and resource consumption in various provinces and cities. The results show that: 1) Based on the perspective of time and space, the economic efficiency of marine fisheries in 11 provinces and cities along the coast of China is polarized and has not been effectively improved, indicating that the level of fishery economic development in China’s coastal areas is unbalanced;2) Based on the overall perspective, the overall economic efficiency of China’s marine fisheries is low, indicating that China’s marine fishery economy is developing at a slower rate;3) Based on the perspective of decoupling theory, the economic efficiency of marine fisheries in China and the consumption of fishery resources have shown a trend in the research period. The structure of China’s marine fishery industry, which is dominated by traditional fisheries, needs to be adjusted.

A preliminary discussion on the construction of marine ranching in Tianjin

Introduces the development connotation,development ideas,practice history and future prospects of Tianjin Ocean Ranch under the background of the development of national marine pastures.Combine the development process of China's marine pastures with the practice of Tianjin Ocean Ranch,the development characteristics of Tianjin marine pastures are analyzed.It is concluded that,for the future construction of Tianjin Ocean Ranch,we can focus on promoting the transformation of marine development mode to recycling,and construct a marine space development pattern of land-sea coordination and human-sea harmony,in order to accelerate the realization of Tianjin's"One Base and Three Districts"objective.We will make greater contributions to the quality of a well-off society and the creation of a beautiful new environment in Tianjin.Modern marine pastures are a long-term,complex and scientific systematic project that requires great attention and attention from all walks of life.

The Human Dimension in the UNESCO Kogelberg Biosphere Reserve:Integrating Livelihood Issues of Small-Scale Fisheries with the Conservation of Natural Resources

Fisheries management worldwide struggles to strike a balance between protecting resources,ensuring fair access to resources and promoting economic effectiveness and stability.The transition to a participatory democracy in South Africa in 1994 resulted in the transformation of government institutions and an extensive process of legislative reform regarding

An Analysis on Antarctic Fisheries Management Regime and China's Response

Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living R esources acts as the executive body for Antarctic fisheries management with Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living R esources( CAMLR Convention) as the legal framework. As the only multilateral agreement for the comprehensive management of Antarctic marine living resources,CAMLR Convention has received a wide international recognition. This paper analyzes the highlights of CAMLR Convention in Antarctic fisheries management,namely,open access to membership,sophisticated institutional structure,capability of keeping pace with the times,diplomatic wisdom,measures against IU U,advanced fisheries management philosophies,etc. Meanwhile,Antarctic fisheries management also encounters challenges,which should be addressed in the process of exploration. China is an important fishing state at Antarctic O cean.Investigation for Antarctic fisheries resources and research into its exploitation are of significant importance for China,which calls for the establishment of China's Antarctic fisheries policy.

Structure and Dynamics of Fisheries in Nigeria

The changes that have taken place in Nigerian fisheries are reviewed. Artisanal fishery has continued to dominate the fisheries,contributing over 85% of total fish production. The inland water and coastal seas are fully exploited and the increase in fishery production is not likely. Aquaculture potentials remain untapped as much as deep-sea fisheries. The combined potential of the fisheries resources-freshwater,marine and aquaculture can meet over 90% of the nation's demand for fish. Opportunities for invest-ments,therefore,exist in the various subsectors,especially in the areas of storage,processing and preservation for the capture fishery and fish seed multiplication for aquaculture.

The Development and Operational Testing of an Underwater Bait Setting System to Prevent the Mortality of Albatrosses and Petrels in Pelagic Longline Fisheries

Longline fisheries for tunas and tuna-like species present an existential threat to many populations of albatrosses and petrels worldwide. To prevent this form of mortality we developed a new technology designed to deploy baited hooks underwater beyond the dive depths of?seabirds (6 - 10 m for the species most commonly caught). The underwater bait setter is a stern-mounted, hydraulically-operated and computer-controlled?device that catapults?baited hooks underwater in a steel capsule?connected to hydraulic winches by Spectra®rope. Baits are flushed from the capsule by water pressure through a spring-loaded bait release door. The chief engineering challenges in the developmental stageswere ensuring:?1) bait delivery?to target depths with cycle times (time from release to recovery) that were practical for fishing operations;?2) bait retention in the capsule (no drop-outs) on the descent phase of the cycle;?3) baits, upon?release at target depth, were not drawn up the water column on the capsule recovery phase (from possible hook-ups and/or suction);and?4) the retention of baits?on?hooks post-release from the capsule was not affected by the mechanical release underwater. Operational trials with the final version of the capsule yielded?satisfactory cycle times to depths of 6 - 10 m. All baits were retained?in the capsule on the descent and?released as required?at target depths (n = 606 deployments). Bait retention on hooks post release from the capsule and retention on hooks hand-set at the surface (the conventional method) were statistically indistinguishable.?The underwater bait setter is modular in construction and can be fitted to all types of vessel sterns.

Current Situation and Problems of Marine Fishery in China

Marine fishery plays an essential role in promoting the employment of labor force,ensuring food safety,promoting the construction of ecological civilization and safeguarding the maritime rights and interests. The development of marine fishery is of great significance. This paper analyzed the current situation and existing problems of marine fishery in China and came up with some pertinent recommendations and measures. The area of marine fishery with authentic right is increasing year by year,and pelagic fishery constantly grows and the industrial structure is becoming more and more reasonable. However,there are still problems such as serious pollution of marine environment,frequent occurrence of marine disasters,shrinking space of fishery development,which seriously affect healthy development of the marine fishery. In this situation,it came up with recommendations including strengthening monitoring of marine fishery resources and protection of marine environment,optimizing the industrial structure,and raising the scientific and technological level of marine fisheries,to protect the sustainable development of marine fishery. It is expected to provide references for the development of marine fishery in China.

An assessment of “fishing down marine food webs” in coastal states during 1950–2010

Mean trophic level of fishery landings（MTL） is one of the most widely used biodiversity indicators to assess the impacts of fishing. Based on the landing data compiled by Food and Agriculture Organization combined with trophic information of relevant species in Fish Base, we evaluated the status of marine fisheries from 1950 to 2010 for different coastal states in Pacific, Atlantic and Indian Oceans. We found that the phenomenon of ＂fishing down marine food webs＂ occurred in 43 states. Specifically, 27 states belonged to ＂fishing-through＂ pattern, and 16 states resulted from ＂fishing-down＂ scenario. The sign of recovery in MTL was common in the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian Oceans（occurred in 20 states）, but was generally accompanied by significantly decreased catches of traditional low trophic level species. In particular, 11 states showed significant declining catches of lower trophic levels. The MTL-based assessment of ＂fishing down marine food webs＂ needs to be interpreted cautiously.

Study on Due Procedure of Local Legislation of Marine Fishery Management

Based on the local legislation of marine fishery management, this paper takes the process of local legislation of marine fishery management in Liaoning Province as the main object of study, to explore the advantages and existing problems of the process of local marine fishery management. From the perspective of theory and practice, this paper analyzes the local legislative process deeply and discloses some problems, especially analyzes the main steps deeply in order to discover problems in the whole process from drafting to acting and proposes the corresponding solutions.

Corollary of Marine Eco-system Sustainability by Addressing the Issues of Bycatches

The issue of bycatch in the fisheries sector has been a major concern for the marine biologists over few decades in terms of conservation of marine eco-system and sustainability of the fisheries sector and marine biodiversity.As far as the concept of Bycatch is concerned,these are the unwanted species having less commercial importance,which in most of the cases disposed into the seas onboard or are caught during fishing.The article discusses the social,economic,cultural,and environmental impacts in addressing the issue of bycatch.The concern regarding bycatch is relatively new in the horizon in Indian perspective though it is often considered a major issue faced by developed nations since long.The problem of bycatch poses a serious threat to livelihoods and food security as it acts as a precursor to depletion of the food sources for local consumption with adverse social,economic,cultural,and environmental impacts.The adverse effects of by-catch can be mitigated through commercialisation of bycatch and making profits from the sale of bycatch,opening up of new markets for bycatch species or products,uses of bycatch as fishmeal and application of bycatch reduction devices(BRDs).Reorientation of the present monitoring system to collect fisheries data,strengthening technical know-how,bringing effective policy intervention,efficient co-management,and sincere and honest efforts in reducing bycatch and discards may provide a considerable impact towards sustainability of marine eco-system.

The role of marine protected areas in sustaining fisheries: The case of the National Park of Banc d’Arguin, Mauritania

Mauritania is characterized by fast-growing fisheries that have developed over the past several decades from low levels of fishing to intense fishing and have led to severe decreases in biomass and severe signs of overexploitation.To ensure sustainable fisheries,a primary goal of science-based fisheries policy is to provide an adequate conservation status of marine habitats that are directly,or indirectly,fundamental for the lifecycle of fish populations of commercial interest.The National Park of Banc d’Arguin has been recognized for its nursery and fish biomass export functions.In this paper,we present the economic value of the fish provisioning service of marine coastal ecosystems of the protected area.We estimated the added value of artisanal fisheries,the spatial distribution of fishing activities,the contribution of the Park to the Mauritanian fisheries and the heritage value of artisanal fisheries.Overall,the average added value for artisanal fisheries is about 43 million MRU(1 million euros)over the period 2006–2017.It mainly benefits to the ship-owners,which generates inequalities and threatens the livelihoods of the Imraguen.The spatial distribution of fishing activities and associated revenues shows high variability throughout the years,the seasons and the geographic areas,and reveals the high adaptability of Imraguen fishers.Fishing grounds are mostly located close to the shore,associated with seagrass beds,confirming the service of fish provisioning rendered by this ecosystem.Furthermore,the high productivity of seagrass beds contributes to the spill-over of biomass.The contribution of the Park to fishing activities that occur within the Mauritanian Exclusive Economic Zone is estimated to 15%,representing an added value creation of 3.2 billion MRU(71 million euros).The heritage value of the fisheries is assessed,through fishers’willingness to accept to stop their fishing activities,at 17.5 million MRU(0.4 million euros).Thus,this paper highlights the necessity of incorporating an ecosystem-based approach along with fishers’knowledge and adaptability into future conservation plan of the National Park of Banc d’Arguin and fisheries management at the local,national and regional scale.

Editorial: Marine protected areas and small-scale fisheries

Marine Protected Areas(MPAs)have long been recognized to be effective tools for spatial management,conservation of biodiversity and fisheries enhancement(Rodríguez-Rodríguez,2016;Claudet et al.,2020),leading Member States Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity(CBD)in 2010 to agree to cover 10%of their coastal and marine areas with MPAs by 2020(Aichi Target 11).In 2020 MPAs cover 5.3%world’s oceans,with 2.5%in no-take marine reserves offering protection,even though a global no-take coverage of at least 30%of the world’s oceans by 2030 has been proposed(Marine Conservation Institute;http://www.mpatlas.org/progress/proposals/).

海洋渔业碳排放效率的时空演变及影响因素——以北部海洋经济圈为例

促进海洋渔业低碳化、绿色化、可持续发展既是海洋生态文明建设要求,也是促进海洋经济高质量发展的重要手段。从碳排与碳汇视角核算海洋渔业碳排放,采用超效率SBM模型测算2006—2019年北部海洋经济圈海洋渔业碳排放效率,并借助STIRPAT模型分析海洋渔业碳排放效率影响因素。结果显示:(1)2006—2019年北部海洋经济圈海洋渔业碳排放量不断上升;海洋渔业碳排放量区域差异较大;海洋渔业碳排放增长率的变化趋势较为一致。(2)海洋渔业碳排放效率总体水平不高,呈现缓慢下降—波动上升—波动下降变化态势;各项效率指数均具有一定波动性;分地区看,山东整体明显高于河北、辽宁和天津。(3)海洋渔业科技水平是海洋渔业碳排放效率最主要影响因素,海洋渔业规模、海洋经济规模、对外开放程度、海洋产业结构是重要影响因素。

产业链视角下中国海洋渔业高质量发展水平综合评价

产业链建设是产业高质量发展主阵地,提升海洋渔业产业链现代化水平是支撑海洋经济高质量发展的必要条件。为进一步提升海洋渔业区域产业链联动水平,深入推进海洋经济转型升级,本文基于产业链多维内涵,从创新链、价值链、供应链、空间链四个维度出发,构建海洋渔业高质量发展水平评价指标体系;运用逼近理想解排序法(TOPSIS)、对抗解释结构模型(AISM)和障碍度模型,对2006-2020年中国沿海11个省(区、市)海洋渔业高质量发展水平及其影响因素进行分析,并提出相应建议措施。结果表明:(1)时间上,研究期内中国海洋渔业高质量发展水平逐年向好,各维度贴近度数值均呈现不同程度波动上升趋势,其中创新链维度贴近度数值较高且稳定增长,价值链和空间链维度贴近度数值增长较快,供应链维度贴近度数值还有较大提升空间。(2)空间上,中国海洋渔业高质量发展水平区域差异较大,在四大维度中优势和劣势各不相同。(3)优劣层级划分上,研究区海洋渔业高质量发展水平总体层级较为明显,其中山东表现最好,河北和海南较差,除江苏、上海、广西三个活动要素外,其他地区发展稳定,呈刚性结构。(4)影响因素上,创新链水平对海洋渔业高质量发展阻碍最大,价值链水平和供应链水平也有一定影响,研究期内第一障碍因子分别是X1水产技术推广经费、X5水产技术推广机构技术成果数量和X3渔民技术培训期数。产业链视角下研究海洋渔业高质量发展可促进现代渔业体系向信息化、智慧化发展,助推经济、社会高质量发展。