Topology optimization of chiral metamaterials with application to underwater sound insulation

Chiral metamaterials have been proven to possess many appealing mechanical phenomena,such as negative Poisson's ratio,high-impact resistance,and energy absorption.This work extends the applications of chiral metamaterials to underwater sound insulation.Various chiral metamaterials with low acoustic impedance and proper stiffness are inversely designed using the topology optimization scheme.Low acoustic impedance enables the metamaterials to have a high and broadband sound transmission loss(STL),while proper stiffness guarantees its robust acoustic performance under a hydrostatic pressure.As proof-of-concept demonstrations,two specimens are fabricated and tested in a water-filled impedance tube.Experimental results show that,on average,over 95%incident sound energy can be isolated by the specimens in a broad frequency range from 1 k Hz to 5 k Hz,while the sound insulation performance keeps stable under a certain hydrostatic pressure.This work may provide new insights for chiral metamaterials into the underwater applications with sound insulation.

Can urban forests provide acoustic refuges for birds?Investigating the influence of vegetation structure and anthropogenic noise on bird sound diversity

As a crucial component of terrestrial ecosystems,urban forests play a pivotal role in protecting urban biodiversity by providing suitable habitats for acoustic spaces.Previous studies note that vegetation structure is a key factor influencing bird sounds in urban forests;hence,adjusting the frequency composition may be a strategy for birds to avoid anthropogenic noise to mask their songs.However,it is unknown whether the response mechanisms of bird vocalizations to vegetation structure remain consistent despite being impacted by anthropogenic noise.It was hypothesized that anthropogenic noise in urban forests occupies the low-frequency space of bird songs,leading to a possible reshaping of the acoustic niches of forests,and the vegetation structure of urban forests is the critical factor that shapes the acoustic space for bird vocalization.Passive acoustic monitoring in various urban forests was used to monitor natural and anthropogenic noises,and sounds were classified into three acoustic scenes(bird sounds,human sounds,and bird-human sounds)to determine interconnections between bird sounds,anthropogenic noise,and vegetation structure.Anthropogenic noise altered the acoustic niche of urban forests by intruding into the low-frequency space used by birds,and vegetation structures related to volume(trunk volume and branch volume)and density(number of branches and leaf area index)significantly impact the diversity of bird sounds.Our findings indicate that the response to low and high frequency signals to vegetation structure is distinct.By clarifying this relationship,our results contribute to understanding of how vegetation structure influences bird sounds in urban forests impacted by anthropogenic noise.

Experimental and numerical investigations on acoustic damping of monoclinic crystalline wideband sound absorbing structures

In order to overcome the limitations of traditional microperforated plate with narrow sound absorption bandwidth and a single structure,two multi-cavity composite sound-absorbing materials were designed based on the shape of monoclinic crystals:uniaxial oblique structure(UOS)and biaxial oblique structure(BOS).Through finite element simulation and experimental research,the theoretical models of UOS and BOS were verified,and their sound absorption mechanisms were revealed.At the same time,the influence of multi-cavity composites on sound absorption performance was analyzed based on the theoretical model,and the influence of structural parameters on sound absorption performance was discussed.The research results show that,in the range of 100-2000 Hz,UOS has three sound absorption peaks and BOS has five sound absorption peaks.The frequency range of the half-absorption bandwidth(α>0.5)of UOS and BOS increases by 242% and 229%,respectively.Compared with traditional microperforated sound-absorbing structures,the series and parallel hybrid methods significantly increase the sound-absorbing bandwidth of the sound-absorbing structure.This research has guiding significance for noise control and has broad application prospects in the fields of transportation,construction,and mechanical design.

Characterization of Aquifers in Crystalline and Crystallophyll Basement Zones Using the Electrical Resistivity Method (Trails and Electrical Soundings) in the Gagnoa Region, (Central-Western Côte d’Ivoire)

Introduction: Located in the central-western part of Côte d’Ivoire, the subsoil of the Gagnoa region is made up of sedimentary volcano formations and granitoids with developed fracturing. This complex Precambrian basement contains most of the region’s water resources. This is at the origin of the high failure rate during the various hydrogeological prospecting campaigns. Methodology: The database consists of resistivities from 42 holes and 51 trails drilled as part of the implementation of high-throughput drilling in the study area. The objective of this study is to deepen the knowledge of the fissured basement by interpreting profile curves and electrical soundings. It will be a question of classifying the different types of anomalies obtained on the profiles and their shapes. The orientation of the lineaments observed on the profiles was determined. Results: The interpretation of the geophysical data revealed various anomalies, the main ones being of the CC (Conductor Compartment) and CEDP (Contact between two bearings) types. These types of anomalies are mainly expressed in various forms: the “V”, “W” and “U” shapes. From these anomalies and the appearance of the electrical profiles, lineaments and their orientations were identified with N90-100, N130-140, N170-180 as major orientations. Conclusion: These results could contribute to a better understanding of the fractured environment of the Gagnoa region.

Experimental realization of fractal fretwork metasurface for sound anomalous modulation

Natural creatures and ancient cultures are full of potential sources to provide inspiration for applied sciences.Inspired by the fractal geometry in nature and the fretwork frame in ancient culture,here we design the acoustic metasurface to realize sound anomalous modulation,which manifests itself as an incident-dependent propagation behavior:sound wave propagating in the forward direction is allowed to transmit with high efficiency while in the backward direction is obviously suppressed.We quantitatively investigate the dependences of asymmetric transmission on the propagation direction,incident angle and operating frequency by calculating sound transmittance and energy contrast.This compact fractal fretwork metasurface for acoustic anomalous modulation would promote the development of integrated acoustic devices and expand versatile applications in acoustic communication and information encryption.

Relationship between polyhedral structures formed by tangent planes of ellipsoidal particles and system sound velocity

Internal polyhedral structures of a granular system can be investigated using the Voronoi tessellations.This technique has gained increasing recognition in research of kinetic properties of granular flows.For systems with mono-sized spherical particles,Voronoi tessellations can be utilized,while radial Voronoi tessellations are necessary for analyzing systems with multi-sized spherical particles.However,research about polyhedral structures of non-spherical particle systems is limited.We utilize the discrete element method to simulate a system of ellipsoidal particles,defined by the equation(x a)2+(y1)2+(z 1/a)2=1,where a ranges from 1.1 to 2.0.The system is then dissected by using tangent planes at the contact points,and the geometric quantities of the resulting polyhedra in different shaped systems,such as surface area,volume,number of vertices,number of edges,and number of faces,are calculated.Meanwhile,the longitudinal and transverse wave velocities within the system are calculated with the time-of-flight method.The results demonstrate a strong correlation between the sound velocity of the system and the geometry of the dissected polyhedra.The sound velocity of the system increases with the increase in a,peaking at a=1.3,and then decreases as a continues to increase.The average volume,surface area,number of vertices,number of edges,and number of faces of the polyhedra decrease with the increase in sound velocity.That is,these quantities initially decrease with the increase in a,reaching minima at a=1.3,and then increase with further increase of a.The relationship between sound velocity and the geometric quantities of the dissected polyhedra can serve as a reference for acoustic material design.

Ta-W/Hf合金的结构稳定性及力学性质的第一性原理计算

Ta-W/Hf合金具有高熔点、高密度、高延展性等性质,在核电、武器装备等关键零部件中发挥着重要作用,本研究基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法,构建不同掺杂含量下的Ta-W/Hf合金模型,计算Ta-W/Hf的晶格常数、结合能、弹性常数、弹性模量、泊松比、维氏硬度、电子态密度等性质参数,分析W、Hf掺杂元素对Ta合金稳定性及力学性能的影响.结果表明:Ta-W合金的晶格常数、弹性常数、体模量、杨氏模量、剪切模量均随着W含量的增加而增加;然而Ta-Hf合金的相关性质参数变化趋势则相反.同时,结合能及电子态密度结果表明Ta-W合金的稳定性与W含量呈正相关;Ta-Hf合金的稳定性随着Hf含量的增加而降低,但Hf的添加对Ta合金的各向异性趋势变化影响显著,且Hf可以明显提高Ta合金的韧性.

Diagnostic Accuracy of Computerized Bowel Sound Analysis with Non-Invasive Devices for Irritable Bowel Syndrome:A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Objective To assess the diagnostic accuracy of bowel sound analysis for irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)with a systematic review and meta-analysis.Methods We searched MEDLINE,Embase,the Cochrane Library,Web of Science,and IEEE Xplore databases until September 2023.Cross-sectional and case-control studies on diagnostic accuracy of bowel sound analysis for IBS were identified.We estimated the pooled sensitivity,specificity,positive likelihood ratio,negative likeli-hood ratio,and diagnostic odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval(CI),and plotted a summary receiver operat-ing characteristic curve and evaluated the area under the curve.Results Four studies were included.The pooled diagnostic sensitivity,specificity,positive likelihood ratio,nega-tive likelihood ratio,and diagnostic odds ratio were 0.94(95%CI,0.87‒0.97),0.89(95%CI,0.81‒0.94),8.43(95%CI,4.81‒14.78),0.07(95%CI,0.03‒0.15),and 118.86(95%CI,44.18‒319.75),respectively,with an area under the curve of 0.97(95%CI,0.95‒0.98).Conclusions Computerized bowel sound analysis is a promising tool for IBS.However,limited high-quality data make the results'validity and applicability questionable.There is a need for more diagnostic test accuracy studies and better wearable devices for monitoring and analysis of IBS.

A New Method for Deriving High-Vertical-Resolution Wind Vector Data from the L-Band Radar Sounding System in China

High-vertical-resolution radiosonde wind data are highly valuable for describing the dynamics of the meso-and microscale atmosphere. However, the current algorithm used in China's L-band radar sounding system for calculating highvertical-resolution wind vectors excessively smooths the data, resulting in significant underestimation of the calculated kinetic energy of gravity waves compared to similar products from other countries, which greatly limits the effective utilization of the data. To address this issue, this study proposes a novel method to calculate high-vertical-resolution wind vectors that utilizes the elevation angle, azimuth angle, and slant range from L-band radar. In order to obtain wind data with a stable quality, a two-step automatic quality control procedure, including the RMSE-F(root-mean-square error F) test and elemental consistency test are first applied to the slant range data, to eliminate continuous erroneous data caused by unstable signals or radar malfunctions. Then, a wind calculation scheme based on a sliding second-order polynomial fitting is utilized to derive the high-vertical-resolution radiosonde wind vectors. The evaluation results demonstrate that the wind data obtained through the proposed method show a high level of consistency with the high-resolution wind data observed using the Vaisala Global Positioning System and the data observed by the new Beidou Navigation Sounding System. The calculation of the kinetic energy of gravity waves in the recalculated wind data also reaches a level comparable to the Vaisala observations.

Effect of Sound Stimulation on the Lipid Physical States and Metabolism of Plasma Membrane from Chrysanthemum Callus

Plasma membrane vesicles of chrysanthemum ( Dendranthema morifolium (Ramat.) Tzvel.) callus was purified by sucrose gradient centrifugation to investigate the influence of sound stimulation on the lipid physical states and metabolism of plasma membrane. The results showed that sound stimulation decreased the content of phosphodiesters and the fluorescent intensity of DPH, but increased the light scattering value of the membrane, the fluorescent intensity of MC540 and the content of phosphomonoesters, indicating that the vesicles got looser, the charge density and hydrophobicity of membrane surface decreased under sound stimulation of some strength and frequency. However, the membrane fluidity increased under the condition. Meanwhile, the anabolism of membrane lipid increased and the catabolism decreased. It can be seen that the physical state and metabolism of membrane lipid is sensitive to sound stimulation.

Ultrasonic Sound Hot Extract—Ultraviolet Spectrophotometric Determination of Total Flavone in Comb Honey

[Objective] The aim was to establish a rapid method for the determination of the content of total flavonoids in the honey comb. [Method] The content of total flavonoids weas determined based on samples including comb honey, propolis, royal jelly, linden tree honey, with a polyamide column chromatography by spectrophotometry at 360 nm wavelength. [Result] The recovery rate of the method was above 90%, and the variation coefficient was lower than 2%. Compared with the traditional method, this method has less reagent consumption, simple operation and so on.[Conclusion] The content of total flavonoids in comb honey was 14.97 mg/100 g, although is only 0.87% of the total flavone content in propolis. The contained total flavonoids at least doubled than that of others and comb honey is more valuable in the content of flavonoids.

Comparison and Analysis between Two Types of Sounding Data of China

The upper air weather forecast data used in current business and research and digital data of the recently finished upper air meteorological monthly report were comparatively analyzed in complete data and quality condition of data, and sounding curve change caused by the difference of complete data was also compared, which evaluated advantages and disadvantages of two types of data.

Beauty in Sense, Sound and Form in Poetry Translation —— Translation of Tang Poems From Chinese to English

本文对诗歌翻译的三要素 :意美、声美、形美作一简要的介绍和分析。其中主要以唐诗的翻译为例 ,说明翻译是一种再创作的过程。

Ta:后现代女性主义视角下的元宇宙社区

后现代女性主义运动在元宇宙社区中采取了两种话语路径以抵抗男权秩序。第一种路径是通过使用中性的“Ta”话语来实现边缘群体(赛博格、同性恋、双性人等)在主流社会的平等融入。这一路径在元宇宙社区中建立了一个更具包容性和多元性的认知框架和文化秩序。第二种路径是在科学技术层面构建元宇宙社区“Ta”气质概念,以解构“男人/女人”二元不平等的社会秩序。从元宇宙社区主体生存角度来看,“Ta”这一流行语不是一个简单的词汇游戏,而是具有思想史意义上的社会观念革新。然而,尽管后现代女性主义运动在元宇宙社区中通过“Ta”话语努力促进平等和社会观念革新,但其面临的悖论也凸显了在追求变革的道路上所遭遇的困难和挑战,需要不断探索更全面的解决方案。

TA2纯钛薄板微流道液压成形工艺研究

双极板是氢燃料电池的重要部件之一,钛作为金属双极板基材有诸多优势,但钛的成形性能差、回弹较为严重,本文以0.1 mm TA2纯钛薄板微流道液压成形为研究对象,通过试验和有限元模拟相结合的方法研究纯钛微结构变形行为,分析工艺参数对微流道成形质量的影响规律,为液压成形钛双极板提供参考。建立了TA2纯钛薄板微流道液压成形的有限元模型,通过与试验件的轮廓及厚度分布验证有限元模型的准确性;研究了液体压力、加载速率和脉动加载对微流道成形的影响。结果表明,微流道液压成形过程中材料应变路径为平面应变,且上圆角位置最容易破裂;加载速率对微流道成形影响不大,随着加载速率的提高,成形深度略有下降,但是变化不大,仅有3%;脉动加载路径能够提高材料的流动变形能力,在均为临界破裂情况下,相比较线性加载路径成形深度有较高的提高,可达232.2μm,提高幅度为23%。

冷喷涂制备多孔Ta涂层及生物相容性

目的提高生物医用钛合金的生物相容性。方法采用冷喷涂技术在其表面制备了内部多孔且表面粗糙的钽涂层,并对涂层的微观组织、弹性模量、表面粗糙度、孔隙率、相组成等进行表征;通过溶血率实验、动态凝血时间实验、血小板黏附实验和细胞增殖实验等评价其血液相容性。结果涂层表面粗糙度为24.9μm,孔隙率为12.6%,弹性模量为147 GPa。喷涂后涂层相组成为Ta,涂层与基体的结合强度为24 MPa。TC4钛合金基体和钽涂层2种材料均具有优异的红细胞相容性且2种材料表面的动态凝血程度相似,表明在TC4钛合金表面制备钽涂层后,钽涂层不会影响凝血因子的活性。钽涂层具有更好的防止血小板黏附与变形的性能。在细胞增殖实验中,细胞在钽涂层表面的增殖能力略高于TC4钛合金。结论多孔钽涂层的弹性模量相对钽块降低了22%。其生物活性高于TC4钛合金基体。

冷轧和再结晶退火对Ta-2.5W合金组织和力学性能的影响

采用电子束熔炼法制备了Ta-2.5W合金,研究了18.8%、48.5%和75.8%不同冷轧变形量对Ta-2.5W合金显微组织和力学性能的影响,并研究了退火对冷轧Ta-2.5W合金显微组织、性能及织构的影响。结果表明:随着变形量的增加,合金的晶粒不断压扁拉长,变形量75.8%时已经形成明显的纤维组织,合金的硬度和强度随着变形量的增加不断提高,原因是加工硬化。开始变形时合金组织中形成{111}<110>、{111}<121>织构,随着变形量增加,开始出现{100}<110>织构,{111}<121>织构逐渐消失,当变形量达75.8%时主要为{100}<110>织构,只剩下较少的{111}<110>织构;随着退火温度的升高,合金的纤维状组织开始逐渐消失,出现大量的等轴晶粒,发生了再结晶,晶粒尺寸、分布更为均匀,织构强度逐渐降低;1450℃退火保温1 h后,合金再结晶比例达到95.7%,已基本完成再结晶,此时合金中的织构强度大幅降低,约为冷轧态时的50%;退火后合金的强度降低,但塑性显著增加,有利于其后续变形加工。

创新Sound Blaster Digital Musi外置声—

创新推出的Sound Blaster Digital Music(下面简称DM）是一款针对便携系统(笔记本电脑、移动PC）的外置音频盒。其丰富的功能、出色的环境音效让人很难相信出自这个小小的盒子。

TA1箔力学性能和断裂行为的尺寸效应

对不同晶粒尺寸的100μm厚TA1箔进行单轴拉伸试验,研究其力学性能和断裂行为的尺寸效应,并构建基于尺寸效应的微尺度本构方程。结果表明,随着晶粒尺寸增大,钛箔的拉伸应力及强度呈现增大的趋势,伸长率先缓慢下降至25%,随后快速降低。拉伸过程中颈缩阶段和平缓阶段不断缩短,除晶粒尺寸为56.88μm的试样外,其余试样断口夹角处于50°~60°,为典型的剪切型断裂。晶粒尺寸超过21.08μm后,断口表面的撕裂棱和韧窝数量不断减少,断裂模式由塑性断裂转变为准解理断裂,晶粒尺寸大于36.14μm后,钛箔基体从HCP-Ti结构转变为FCC-Ti结构,位错密度降低,断口表面出现明显的解理断裂特征,断裂模式完全转变为解理断裂。基于表面层模型构建考虑尺寸效应的本构模型,可精确预测微尺度钛箔拉伸过程中的力学特性。

Al/Ta-Nb合金阻抗匹配靶的制备工艺研究

为了获得钽铌合金(Ta-Nb)材料在高压下的状态方程数据,制备了用于激光状态方程实验研究的铝/钽铌合金(Al/Ta-Nb)阻抗匹配靶。研究了Ta-Nb合金箔的精密轧制与飞秒激光切割工艺,获得了厚度13μm,宽度400μm的Ta-Nb合金台阶样品。使用聚乙烯醇(PVA)水溶胶将Ta-Nb合金台阶与铝(Al)标准材料进行复合装配。利用白光干涉仪、电子密度计等仪器对阻抗匹配靶的表面形貌、台阶厚度、样品密度等靶参数进行精密测量,结果表明研制的Al/Ta-Nb合金阻抗匹配靶能够满足激光状态方程物理实验需求。