Sustainable Agriculture Evaluation for Red Soil Hill Region of Southeast China

Agricultural sustainability for economic development is important and a complex issue throughout the world; however,it is difficult to synthetically evaluate its use in the policy making process. The objective of this study was to evaluate sustainable agriculture in the red soil hill region of Southeast China through a newly proposed method combining four separate sub-systems: regional population (P), resource (R), environmental (E), and socio-economic (S). This new index system was proposed to appraise synthetically the agricultural sustainability of the red soil hill region from 1988 to 1996 with a two-step method assessing: a) the agricultural sustainability in each province independently and b) the relative sustainability of each province to the whole region. The first step only provided a development trend for each province based on its original situation, while the second step provided additional information on the comparative status of each province in agricultural development to the region as a whole. Higher index scores were found for the economy and resource categories denoting improvement. However, lower scores in the environment category indicated the improvement was achieved at the cost of deteriorating ecological surroundings due to an increasing population that demanded more from the agro-ecosystem and put heavier pressures on it. Results also showed that water and soil losses in this region were the major obstacles encountered in sustainable agriculture development. The assessment results were verified when compared with results from another method. This suggested that the new assessment system was reliable and credible in evaluating agricultural sustainability on a regional scale.

A comparison of the management models of protected areas between China and the southern Africa region

A comparison of the management models of protected areas between China and the African south region allows reading and evaluating the similarities and differences in the use of management model as a management tool for protected areas and specifi- cally some positive and negative features of the management approaches in these two regions. Previous to this study it verified the designation of protected areas as increasing at a faster rate than ever before, comparatively much faster now in China than southern Africa regions. With the aim of evaluating similarities and differences in the use of management model as a management tool for pro- tected areas in China and southern Africa Region, both qualitative and quantitative data were collected. Qualitative data were mainly from policy documents, scientific articles and magazine reports, whereas quantitative （secondary data） statistical data from Interna- tional Union for Conservation of Nature Resources （IUCN） and World Database on Protected Areas （WDPA）. In view of the data sources above, the study found that in China all the protected areas are state owned whilst in southern Africa regions there are some protected areas that are privately owned; also that the models or typology of governance applied are successful for the fact that they both combine co-management or collaborative management, community-conserved areas and private protected areas that are subject to greater success and can help design planning and management than those who use exclusively government management. To this, the study concluded that the use of management model is influenced by the type of governance a country applies to its reserved areas.

Discrepant chemical differentiation and magmatic-hydrothermal evolution of high-silica magmatism associated with Pb–Zn and W mineralization in the Lhasa terrane

High-silica(SiO_(2)>70 wt.%)granites(HSGs)are the main source of W,Sn,and rare metals.However,abundant HSGs,temporally,spatially,and genetically associated with Pb-Zn mineralization,in the Lhasa terrane(LT),provided an ideal opportunity to study the key factors responsible for Pb-Zn enrichment,instead of W-Sn enrichment.Here we contribute to this topic through U-Pb dating of zircon and garnet,and whole-rock and Sr-Nd-Hf isotopic geochemistry of ore-related quartz porphyries in the Bangbule deposit and compared these results with published data from large and giant Pb-Zn and W deposits in the LT.The magmatism-alteration-mineralization event in the Bangbule deposit was recorded by robust zircon U-Pb ages of 77.3±0.9 Ma and hydrothermal garnet U-Pb ages of 75.7±4.8 Ma,which is 10-15 Ma earlier than the main Paleocene metallogenic event and the first record of late Cretaceous Pb-Zn polymetallic mineralization in the LT.The late Cretaceous-Paleocene magmatism and mineralization events are a response to the subduction of Neotethyan oceanic lithosphere,which occurred as a result of the collision of the Indian and Asian plates.These HSGs related to Pb-Zn mineralization,with high totalalkalis and low magnesian contents,are enriched in Ba,Th,and Rb,but depleted in Ti,Eu,Sr,and P.They belong to either the S-type,or I-type granites.The Sr-Nd-Hf isotopic compositions of the Pb-Zn mineralized granites demonstrate that they were generated by the partial melting of Proterozoic basement with or without mantle-derived melt input.This was consistent with the postulated source of W enrichment in the LT.The Pb-Zn and W related granites have similar zircon-Ti-saturation temperatures,comparable low whole-rock Fe_(2)O_(3)/FeO ratios,and zircon oxygen fugacity.This indicated that the Pb-Zn-W enrichment in the high-silica magma system could be attributed to a relatively reduced magma.The Pb-Zn related HSGs,abundant quartz and feldspar phenocrysts,and weak fractionation of twin-elements in wholerock analysis,can be used to reconstruct a model of the magma reservoir.We postulate that these features could be reproduced by silica-rich crystal accumulation in a magma reservoir,with a loss of magmatic fluids.The magma associated with W mineralization exhibited a higher level of differentiation compared to the Pb-Zn related magma;however,different groups of zircon texture with varying rare earth elements and concomitance of rare earth elements tetrad effect and high fractionation of twin-elements in wholerock are formed by a magmatic-hydrothermal transition in highly evolved system.As the source and oxygen fugacities of the Pb-Zn and W related magmas are similar,the absence of a giant W-Sn deposit in the LT may indicate that parent magmas with a low degree of evolution and magmatic-hydrothermal transition are not conducive to their formation.This implies that the rocks that originated as highly evolved silicaterich parent magmas,with a high degree of magmatic-hydrothermal alteration,would need to be targeted for W-Sn mineral exploration in the LT.In summary,our results emphasize that variations in chemical differentiation and the evolution of high-silica magmatic-hydrothermal systems can lead to differences in Pb-Zn and W enrichment.This has implications for the evaluation of the mineral potential of high-silica granites and hence their attractiveness as targets for mineral exploration.

应用多时序特征的哨兵系列影像对南方丘陵区树种识别

树种分类是森林资源调查和监测的重要工作,杉木和油茶作为袁州区主要经济树种,准确获取树种空间分布信息,对产量估算和资源管理具有重要意义。以江西省宜春市袁州区为研究区,试验融合时序哨兵-1(Sentinel-1)、哨兵-2(Sentinel-2)等数据,结合中国南方丘陵区树种特点,提取植被指数、红边植被指数、地形特征和纹理特征等构建特征变量组合,分别利用分离阈值法(SEaTH)和特征权重算法(ReliefF)进行特征重要性排序和特征优选,分析各特征对树种分类的影响。结果表明:(1)在使用光谱特征和植被-水体指数的基础上加入不同特征后,树种分类精度均有提升,其中纹理特征的加入更有利于树种分类。(2)结合随机森林算法和特征权重算法(ReliefF)对树种分类的精度最高,总体精度为85.33%,Kappa系数为0.81,优于相同特征组下的支持向量机算法和分类回归树算法。

南方崩岗调查内容与方法探讨

崩岗是我国南方水土流失的一种特殊类型,广泛分布于南方红壤区,是该区域严重的生态问题之一。第一次崩岗调查距今已近20年,相关情况已发生巨大变化。崩岗现状不清直接影响了行政管理部门对崩岗防治相关工作的规划和决策,因此急需开展新一轮崩岗调查。新时代水土保持高质量发展为崩岗调查提供了机遇,差别化分类防治和分步实施对崩岗调查提出了更高要求,现代信息技术为崩岗调查提供了新方法,以服务崩岗风险评估和防治规划为导向,在充分利用第一次崩岗调查成果基础上,补充崩岗发育的小山体调查,将典型调查改为全面普查,系统探讨崩岗调查对象与范围、调查内容、调查程序与方法,以期为行政管理部门和技术单位启动新一轮崩岗调查工作提供参考。

江南华南茶树高温热害等级指标及分布特征

利用1961—2022年江南和华南茶区510个气象站的日最高气温数据和历史茶树高温热害灾情数据,采用灾情反演和K-Means聚类分析方法,构建并验证江南和华南茶区茶树高温热害等级指标,分析茶树高温热害时空分布特征。结果表明:江南和华南茶区茶树轻度、中度、重度高温热害指标为连续14 d日最高气温的滑动平均值T14≥34.5℃的持续日数分别为1~17 d、18~38 d和超过38 d,验证样本完全符合的准确率为73.9%,基本符合的准确率为91.3%;江南和华南茶区茶树高温热害总次数呈波动变化,分别在1999年和1997年达到最低值,并在2021年达到最高值;华南茶区相对于江南茶区高温热害次数更多,尤其是轻度茶树高温热害,且近62年华南茶区茶树高温热害次数增加趋势显著。

Intraseasonal Oscillation of the South China Sea Summer Monsoon and Its Influence on Regionally Persistent Heavy Rain over Southern China

The intraseasonal oscillation（ISO） in the South China Sea summer monsoon（SCSSM） and its influence on regionally persistent heavy rain（RPHR） over southern China are examined by using satelhte outgoing long wave radiation,NCEP/NCAR reanalysis,and gridded rainfall station data in China from 1981 to 2010.The most important feature of the ISO in SCSSM,contributing to the modulation of RPHR,is found to be the fluctuation in the western Pacific subtropical high（WPSH）,along with a close link to the Madden-Julian oscillation（MJO）.Southern China is divided into three regions by using rotated empirical orthogonal functions（REOFs）for intraseasonal rainfall,where the incidence rate of RPHR is closely linked to the intraseasonal variation in rainfall.It is found that SCSSM ISOs are the key systems controlling the intraseasonal variability in rainfall and can be described by the leading pair of empirical orthogonal functions（EOFs） for the 850-hPa zonal wind over the SCS and southern China.Composite analyses based on the principal components（PCs） of the EOFs indicate that the ISO process in SCSSM exhibits as the east-west oscillation of the WPSH,which is coupled with the northward-propagating MJO,creating alternating dry and wet phases over southern China with a period of 40 days.The wet phases provide stable and lasting circulation conditions that promote RPHR.However,differences in the ISO structures can be found when RPHR occurs in regions where the WPSH assumes different meridional positions.Further examination of the meridional-phase structure suggests an important role of northward-propagating ISO and regional air-sea interaction in the ISO process in SCSSM.

南方典型红壤区不同枯死率芒萁的水土流失阻控效应

[目的]探究芒萁植丛不同枯死率(100%,50%和0%)下坡面的产流产沙规律,揭示不同生长状态下芒萁的水土流失阻控效果。[方法]采用人工模拟降雨试验,对不同芒萁枯死率下坡面产流产沙过程随雨强的变化特性进行了定量分析。[结果](1)不同降雨强度和芒萁枯死率下径流速率随降雨历时呈前期缓慢或快速增长,后期趋于稳定。较小雨强下,侵蚀速率除裸坡外随降雨历时呈前期缓慢增加、后期趋于稳定状态;较大雨强下,侵蚀速率随降雨历时变化呈前期快速增加,中后期逐渐下降趋于稳定。(2)除2 mm/min雨强下的累积产流量外,其余处理条件下累积产流产沙量差异明显,且产沙量随芒萁枯死率的增加而增加。(3)两种雨强不同处理下坡面累积产流量和累积产沙量关系符合幂函数模型(R2>0.99)。[结论]两种雨强芒萁植丛不同枯死率下径流速率和侵蚀速率随降雨历时变化前期迅速增加、后期逐渐波动稳定,各处理下累积径流量与累积产沙量的函数关系拟合回归效果良好,证实了枯死芒萁亦可在中国南方红壤侵蚀区起到良好的水土流失阻控效果。

共同富裕视域下南北区域协调发展研究

全体人民共同富裕是中国式现代化的本质特征,区域协调发展对于促进全体人民共同富裕取得更为明显的实质性进展具有重大意义,区域协调发展是实现共同富裕的必然要求,推动区域协调发展是实现高质量发展的必由之路,是实现中国式现代化的关键支撑,能从根本上破解区域发展不平衡不充分问题。然而由于地理区位、发展基础和资源禀赋等多种因素的制约,南北区域发展不协调问题越来越严重,致使发展成果无法惠及全体人民。本文基于共同富裕视角,在系统梳理区域协调发展相关文献的基础上,分析了南北区域协调发展对实现共同富裕的重大意义,探寻南北区域发展不协调的表现及成因,并提出共同富裕视域下南北区域协调发展的策略选择。本文的分析对于促进南北区域优势互补、互利互惠,统筹区域发展,着力构建区域协同发展新格局,促进全体人民共同富裕取得更为明显的实质性进展具有重大意义。

The quality attribute of watershed ecosystem is more important than the landscape attribute in controlling erosion of red soil in southern China

Landscape and quality attributes are major ecosystem characteristics closely associated with soil conservation service(SCS).However,the intrinsic mechanisms by which these two attributes influence SCS are still unclear.Therefore,this study quantitatively analyzed the landscape pattern,ecological quality,and SCS in the Lianshui River watershed(a typical soil and water loss area of red soil in southern China)and its sub-watersheds in 2019.The boosted regression tree model was used to explore the influence of 15 factors(i.e.,landscape and quality attributes)on SCS at the sub-watershed scale.According to the results,compared with the landscape attribute,the quality attribute of the watershed ecosystem could better explain the spatial heterogeneity of SCS across 66 sub-watersheds.The overall degree of influence of five quality factors on SCS reached 57.81%,with the highest being the normalized differential build-up and bare soil index(NDBSI),at 25.11%.Among 10 landscape factors,aggregation had the greatest influence on SCS,at 28.64%.The relationships between key influencing factors and SCS were nonmonotonic and non-linear,with threshold effects.For example,NDBSI values of 0.18e0.41 had a positive influence on SCS,while NDBSI values of 0.41e0.65 had a negative influence on SCS.The findings broaden our understanding of the response of SCS to changes in landscape and quality attributes at the sub-watershed scale,and could offer comprehensive support for soil erosion management in the watershed ecosystem.

PRODUCTIVITY AND WATER UTILITY FOR MAIN CROPS IN LOESSAL HILL.REGION, SOUTHERN NINGXIA

The loessal hill region in southern Ningxia is a semiarid and severe eroded area with developed agriculture and animal husbandry. It has long been an argument whether there might be more potentiality of farming and whether food production can be sustained at a level of local sufficiency.

南方红壤区水土流失与社会经济的耦合关系

水土流失与社会经济系统的相互作用关系复杂且具有明显的时空变异性。以南方红壤区为核心,从区域尺度阐述了经济发展、人口规模、农业投入及农业产出等社会经济因素与水土流失及其治理的相互作用。在此基础上,从微观尺度剖析了水土流失治理工程驱动下农户生计方式的改变,以及农户社会网络对水土流失治理工程实施的影响。最后提出今后研究的重点:明确宏观发展规划及区域产业结构调整等对水土流失的影响机制,优化资源配置以提高水土流失治理成效;解析城镇化、农业集约化等新发展模式下农户生产方式、社会网络与水土流失治理工程的相互影响,推动水土流失治理工程的可持续运维。

从“新南方”到“印太”:韩国“印太战略”的延续与变化

2022年12月尹锡悦政府公布了其首份“印太战略”。这是韩国首次制定和发表同时冠以“印太”和“战略”两个词的区域性外交政策。通过比较可以发现,“印太战略”承袭了文在寅政府出台的“新南方政策”的诸多内容,如将东盟视为核心对象,将经贸视为核心领域,将包容视为核心原则,将繁荣与和平视为核心目标等,但“印太战略”更加偏重“价值观外交”,更加强调安全合作,更加强调主动塑造符合韩国认知的地区秩序。为此,韩国积极巩固韩美同盟,恢复韩日合作,深化与东盟、太平洋岛国等国家和国际组织的双边关系,同时积极参与美国主导的“印太经济框架”“蓝色太平洋伙伴”“芯片四方联盟”,加强美日韩、韩日澳新等小多边合作,推动加入“四方安全对话”和《全面与进步跨太平洋伙伴关系协定》等。韩国的“印太战略”也存在诸多难以克服的矛盾和局限,因为它设定了超过自身能力的目标,也难以跳出作为分裂的半岛国家需要优先处理自身的问题,同时需要与周边大国都保持密切关系的宿命。韩国“印太战略”过度替美国摇旗呐喊,削弱对华关系,最终可能助长地区对峙和分裂,伤及韩国自身,并使成为“全球枢纽国家”变成一句口号。

南方地区大棚种植非洲菊高温热害风险区划

以非洲菊“里奥内格罗”(Gerbera jamesonii Bolus, Rionegro)为研究对象,采用人工控制试验,以日/夜气温28℃/18℃为对照(CK),对非洲菊进行动态高温(32℃/22℃、35℃/25℃、38℃/28℃和41℃/31℃)和持续时间(4d、6d、8d和10d)处理,测定不同处理下非洲菊叶片的光合特性、荧光特性和衰老特性相关生理指标。依据相关性分析和主成分分析结果,构建适用于中国南方地区的设施非洲菊高温热害等级指标,并结合1990-2019年366个站点的气象资料和温室大棚小气候资料,利用BP神经网络模拟南方地区温室内日最高气温,以此开展南方非洲菊种植区大棚栽培高温热害风险区划。结果表明:(1)通过主成分分析提取Pn、Pmax、PItotal、Fv/Fm和POD作为关键指标构建设施非洲菊高温热害胁迫指数(HSI),将其分为轻度(0.20.6)三个等级,并以此确定其高温热害胁迫气象指标。(2)1990-2019年南方地区非洲菊种植区轻度高温热害爆发频率在0.19~0.90,以四川和云南东部及其以西地区居多;与轻度高温热害相比,中度高温热害在整个南方地区发生频率有所下降,主要发生在广西和广东地区,最高频率可达0.54。重灾发生频率也明显低于轻度,在0~0.58。(3)1990-2019年设施非洲菊高温热害在南方地区总体呈现南高北低的趋势,其中重庆、湖北、湖南、江西、广西、广东、福建和浙江等地,较大范围内为高风险区,而四川盆地以及云南东部和西部地区风险较低。其他区域为设施非洲菊高温热害中风险区。

南方电网区域降水季节预测系统的构建及评估

基于我国自主研发的气候模式,构建了面向南方电网区域的全球-区域双向耦合模式,开展了1991—2020年集合回报试验,研发了适合南方电网区域降水预测的误差订正方法,并构建了适合于南方电网区域的降水季节预测系统。集合回报结果表明:全球-区域双向耦合技术可显著改善模式对南方电网区域降水空间分布及其主导模态的模拟预报能力,误差订正方案可显著提高对南方电网区域夏季降水异常的预测技巧。30年平均空间相关系数和预报技巧评分分别可达0.27和74.31,南方电网区域平均时间相关系数可达0.28。预测系统对典型旱涝年也展现出良好的预测技巧。总体而言,此系统可向南方电网区域提供可靠的季节性降水预测产品,为南方电网的安全运行和调配管理提供技术支持。

南方红壤侵蚀区芒萁对聚乙二醇6000模拟干旱胁迫的响应

利用聚乙二醇(PEG)6000模拟干旱胁迫,探讨了芒萁对干旱胁迫的响应。结果显示,干旱胁迫显著提高了芒萁的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、脯氨酸(Pro)、相对电导率(REC)和丙二醛(MDA)水平。过氧化物酶(POD)活性在10%PEG 6000浓度下显著提高,但在较高浓度时下降。随着PEG 6000浓度的增加,过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性先降低后升高。通过相关分析和主成分分析发现,在30%PEG 6000浓度时芒萁表现出较强的抗旱性。综上,较高的SOD和CAT活性以及较高的Pro浓度共同提高了芒萁的抗旱性,是协助芒萁抵御季节性土壤干旱的主要因子,而极端干旱仍会破坏芒萁的抗旱生理活动。

南阳夏饷铺鄂侯家族墓地与两周之际南土和中原的形势

夏饷铺春秋早期鄂侯家族墓地的发掘,不但丰富和更新了很多旧有的认知,同时也提出了一系列新的问题,尤其是对两周之际南土和中原地区的形势和战略格局的重新认识,有重要促进作用。据夏饷铺墓地最新考古发现,可知宣王时期,周人在南阳盆地重建姬姓鄂国,以稳定南土,屏藩中原。与申、息二国的灭亡时间大致相当,鄂国约于公元前680年左右复灭于楚。西周中期以降,南土和中原形势骤变,至西周晚期厉宣时期,周人在中原和南土的统治皆面临严重挑战。宣王时,通过迁申吕、封建宗亲鄂国于南阳盆地,试图在南土地区进行战略性重塑,重建中原和王朝的屏障,修复周初建立的政治地理空间架构。但西周王朝衰落和楚人崛起的大势已不可挽回,春秋中期以后,楚国取代曾国成为南土的霸主,南土尽入楚人彀中,“金道锡行”的战略通道和屏障作用尽失,以曾为代表的周人势力彻底退出江汉流域。

赣南地区森林生态保护与乡村振兴政策建议——以崇义县为例

森林为人类社会提供丰富的物质产品,在维持地球生命系统平衡方面发挥着无可替代的作用。本文聚焦赣南地区的森林生态保护与乡村振兴实践,以江西赣州市崇义县杰坝乡和赣南树木园为例,从探索高质量可持续发展的乡村旅游模式、打造人文生态资源依托型乡村和加快山水林田湖草沙系统治理与修复等三方面提出了发展方向,针对“双碳”背景下可持续利用森林资源促进乡村振兴重点提炼出4个可能的实现路径:(1)发展森林碳汇经济,提高森林碳储量和碳利用效率;(2)发掘特色农产品,搭建特色品牌产业链;(3)开发森林生态旅游,促进具有赣南特色的乡村振兴工作;(4)搭建政产学研用创新平台,努力推动经济社会整体协同发展。

华北克拉通奥陶纪岩浆活动——来自河南安阳岭头地区白垩纪闪长岩中继承锆石U-Pb年龄的证据

通过高精度的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素测年,在太行山南段河南安阳县岭头一带白垩纪闪长质侵入岩中获得一批443.6±6.1 Ma(MSWD=6.3)的年龄数据,相当于晚奥陶世晚期,这是在华北克拉通内部发现的首例反映加里东期岩浆侵入活动的高精度锆石U-Pb定年数据,为揭示华北克拉通早古生代构造岩浆演化提供了依据。结合区域上同期构造岩浆事件的特点,认为443.6±6.1 Ma的锆石可能为华北克拉通板内裂解拉张作用的产物,它是奥陶纪晚期(440 Ma前后)古劳亚大陆分裂,华北克拉通漂离加拿大地盾和北美内陆地台,同时形成北太平洋———这一影响全球的构造地质事件在华北克拉通内部的响应。鉴于稳定克拉通地区奥陶纪岩浆侵入活动与金刚石原生矿存在极高的关联度,本次发现也为在鹤壁地区寻找金刚石原生矿提供了重要参考。