3-D velocity structure of P wave in the upper mantle beneath southwestern China and its adjacent areas

3-D velocity structure of P wave in the upper mantle beneath southwestern China and its adjacent areas (10°N [similar to] 36°N, 70°E [similar to] 110°E) down to the depth of 400 km has been studied by using 80 974 P-wave first arrival times recorded at 165 stations from 7 053 events both within the studying areas, selected from the ISC bulletin and the Bulletin of China and NEIC fundamental seismic network. With a resolution of grid spacing of 2°×2°, the velocity heterogeneity on the horizontal profile is obvious though it attenuates with the depth increasing. On the vertical profiles of velocity along the latitude of 16°N and 24°N, the collision and extrusion of India plate to Eurasia plate is displayed, and a remarkable velocity difference between India plate and Eurasia plate is shown. In the vertical profile along the longitude of 90°E, the subducting of India plate northward beneath Eurasia plate (Tibet plateau) is also obvious. On the horizontal profile at the depth of 90 km, a slow velocity stripe from Myitkyina, Myanmar to Donghai, Vietnam seems to be related to Honghe fault belt. An illustration method of describing the resolution more directly and exactly has been proposed and utilized in this paper.

THE PERMIAN SYSTEM OF THE NUJIANG—LANCANGJIANG—JINSHAJIANG AREA, SOUTHWESTERN CHINA

Permian system is one of the best developed systems in Sanjiang area. In Yidun\|Zhongdian and in Zhiso\|Muli, The Lower Permian is clastics\|carbonates\|volcanics with interbeds of siliceous sediments, Whereas the Upper Permian is composed of lower part of basic volcanics and upper part of clastics\|carbonates with a total thickness of 1000～4000 meters .In Zhongzha (Batang)\|Jingping region, It is mainly carbonates of 217～1320 meters thick, But in Jingping proper, there occur about 5000 meters thick basalts of early late Permian . From Batang to Benzinan along the Jinshajiang river , the lower Permian is clastics\|volcanics\|carbonates formation with interbeds of siliceous sediments and spilite formation; Whereas the Upper Permian is clastics with volcanic interbeds; The total thickness being 3700 to 7100 meters. In Jiangda—Mangco (Mangkang), It is clastic\|carbonate\|volcanic formation of 1100 to 2400 meters . In Tuoba (Qamdo)—Haitong (Mankang)—Ximi (Mujiang ), It is mainly clastics\|carbonates formation , the Upper Permian being coal\|bearing clastics sequence and the total thickness being 700～2500 meters ,In Zhado—Zhasuosuo (Mangkang)—Deqing—Qinggu—Qinghong, It is clastic\|carbonate\|volcanic formation, locally with coal\|bearing clastics of Upper Permian and the total thickness of mainly carbonate formation and clastic formation with coal\|bearing clastic formation of Uppermian, is 800 to 2000 meters. In the whole area , the Permian strata were slightly metamorphosed, locally more intensively metamorphosed up to amphibolite facies. The fossils found belong to fusulinids, coral, brachiopods,ammonite,bivalve, gastropods, bryozoa,foraminifera, trilobite, algae ,porifera (sponge), and continental plant . Besides the Gondwana cold\|water type components of brachiopods found in Baoshan, the fossils belong mainly to Cathaysian biota, especially to South China type. In some places such as Mangkang, Guxue (Dewong), to South China type. In some places such as Mangkang, Guxue (Dewong), and Wachang (Muli), the resedimented Late Carboniferous fusulinid fossils can be found in the clastic limestone of Lower Permian, and the Early Permian or even Middle to Late Carboniferous fusulinid fossils found in Upper Permian classic limestone. All these suggest the resedimentation of biolimestone blocks or fragments related to fault\|volcanism .On the section of Tongba (Muli), the permian is continuous graded upwards into the Triassic, with a transitional zone of fossil.

Geological Characteristics of Epithermal Ore Concentrated Areas and Epithermal Ore Deposits in China

The epithermal ore concentrated area is located in Southwestern China. We systematically study the regional geological characteristics such as the basement of Proterozoic, the capping bed, Moho, geothermal feature and tectonics, and discuss the relationship between distributed characteristics of the epithermal ore deposits and ore control factors in this paper. It is concluded that the conditions, under which the epithermal ore deposits form, are huge thick basement of Proterozoic, long time and wide scope developed capping bed and weak magmatic activity. The basement of Proterozoic that enriches volcanic matters and carbon and the carbonaceous bearing and paleo pool bearing capping bed provides main ore source. The large and deep faults and paleopool accordance with gravity anomaly gradient control the distribution of epithermal ore deposits. The lithologic assembles of microclastic rocks and carbonate rocks in the capping bed provide spaces of ore precipitation and create conditions of ore precipitation. The coincidence of many geological factors above forms the epithermal ore concentrated area.

A New Discovery of Deep-Water Benthic Organisms from the Southwestern Dongsha Area,South China Sea

Dongsha waters are poorly studied for gas hydrates. Previous multi-channel seismic reflection and Chirp sub- bottom profiles show that numerous submarine mounds stand up to 100 m high above the seafloor over the continental slope of the SW Dongsha Island in northern margin of the South China Sea （SCS）. These mounds are characterized by hardened seabed, seafloor gas venting and folded structures, which implies the existence of active mud volcanoes. This work aims to confirm this speculation by seafloor sample dredging and to explore the potential of gas hydrates.

Effects of Land Management Practices on Soil Water in Southwestern Mountainous Area, China

The effects of selected land management practices （cross-sloping tillage, ridge culture, organic manure, and straw mulch） on soil water conservation in a southwestern mountainous area, China, were studied during November 2002 to November 2004. The experimental field is divided into three parts based on soil layer depths, 0-60 cm （part Ⅰ）, 0-40 cm （part Ⅱ）, and 0- 20 cm （part Ⅲ）, and they all had the same slope azimuth （SE）, slope （10°）, and slope type （linear）. The experimental plots were subjected to the following treatments： cross-sloping tillage （CST）; cross-sloping tillage with organic manure （CST/ OM）; cross-sloping tillage with straw mulch （CST/SM）; contour ridge culture （CRC）; contour ridge culture with organic manure （CRC/OM）; and contour ridge culture with straw mulch （CRC/SM）, to identify the effects of management practices on soil water. Water contents were determined for soil samples collected, using a 2.2 cm diameter manual probe. Soil water was monitored once every five days from Nov. 20, 2002 to Nov. 20, 2004. The results indicated that, in the study stages, an integration of rainfall, evaporative losses, and crop transcription controlled the basic tendencies of profile （mean） soil water, while land management practices, to a certain extent, only modified its amount, distribution, and routing. Moreover, these modifications also mainly focused on the first 20 cm depth of topsoil layer. When each management practice was compared with control treatment, season changes of profile （mean） soil water were pronounced, while interannual changes among them were not significant. More comparisons indicated that, in the study stages, contour ridge culture had better effects than cross-sloping tillage. And under the same tillage, the combination of organic manure could achieve more than straw mulch. These management practices should be recommended considering the effectiveness of soil and water management techniques in the southwestern mountainous area, China.

Geological characterization and exploration potential of shale gas in the Carboniferous Jiusi Formation,northern Guizhou and Yunnan provinces,SW China

Dark mudstones and shales of the Carboniferous Jiusi Formation are widely developed in northern Guizhou and Yunnan provinces, SW China. However, the distribution, reservoir characterization, and exploration potential of organic-rich shales in this area are yet to be quantified, thus limiting the prospect of shale gas in this area. This study investigates the basic geological conditions of Jiusi shale gas, using core data, well-logs, and some other test data, obtaining the following results. The organic-rich shales are mainly composed of deltaic-to-shallow-shelf deposits, with thickness ranging from 0 to 450 m, and above 350 m around the subsidence center. The organic matter is mainly type Ⅱ kerogen with TOC content of mostly 1%–2%, indicating a moderate maturity. The argillaceous shale reservoirs are indicative of strong heterogeneity, high clay minerals content, low porosity, low permeability, high specific surface area, and relatively developed secondary porosity. The gas-log anomaly intervals obtained from the survey wells have a cumulative thickness that is apparently greater than 200 m, and a few shale intervals showing high desorbed and adsorbed gas contents. Due to complex structures in the study area, conditions responsible for shale gas occurrence and trapping are generally moderate. However, areas having wide and gentle folds with moderate depth of burial reveals relatively favorable conditions of hydrocarbon traps. In contrast with typical marine-continental transitional shales, the Jiusi shale have better geological conditions for shale gas preservation. The analysis of the geological framework and hydrocarbon potential of Carboniferous Jiusi Formation provide more insight for the exploration of Carboniferous shale gas in southern China.

The Human Rights Legislation Practices of the Communist Party of China During the War of Liberation

During the War of Liberation,the liberated areas,under the leadership of the Communist Party of China,kept deepening and developing the concepts and ideas of protecting human rights,promulgated a series of human rights laws and related administrative programs,and put them into practice.The contents included not only the political rights of citizens but also their economic,social,and cultural rights,with emphasis on the protection of the rights to subsistence and development.The human rights legislation in the liberated areas has a wartime and class-based nature due to its social environment.It reflects the transition of the Communist Party of China from a revolutionary party to a ruling party on the historical stage.It played an important role in directing,advancing,and promoting the progress of democracy and the rule of law at that time and accumulated experience for the human rights legislation after the founding of the People’s Republic of China.History proves that the Communist Party of China has always been a political party dedicated to fighting for the human rights of the Chinese people,and only the Communist Party of China can lead China’s human rights development to a deeper level.

Spatio-temporal pattern and driving forces of urbanization in China's border areas

Border area is not only an important gateway for inland opening-up,but also an important part of completing the building of a moderately prosperous society and optimizing national urban spatial pattern in China.Due to the location,natural resources endowment,and traffic accessibility,the urbanization speed is relatively slow in border areas.Therefore,it is a special area that needs to pay close attention to,especially under the background of the Belt and Road Initiative and China's regional coordinated development program.Based on the county-level data from 2000 to 2015,this paper tries to analyze the spatio-temporal pattern of urbanization in 134 border counties,and applies geographical detector method to study the driving forces of urbanization in border areas.Conclusions are as follows:(1)From 2000 to 2015,urbanization rate in border areas has been lower than the national average,and the gap has been widening.Some border counties in southern Xinjiang,Tibet,northeast of Inner Mongolia,and Yunnan,are even facing the problem of population loss.(2)In the same period,urbanization rate in the northwestern and southwestern border is low,while their urbanization rate grows relatively faster comparing with other border counties;urbanization rate in Tibet border is the lowest and grows relatively slowly;urbanization rate in the northeastern and northern border is slightly higher,but it grows slowly or even stagnates.(3)Transportation and industry are the important driving forces of urbanization in border areas,while the driving forces of market is relatively weak.And there are obvious mutual reinforcements among the driving forces,while the effort and explanatory power of resource force increases obviously after interaction.(4)Urbanization rate in the northwestern and southwestern border areas grows relatively fast,with industrial force and transportation force,market force and administrative force as the main driving forces respectively.Tibet border area has the lowest urbanization rate and growth rate,as the driving force of urbanization with strong contribution has not yet formed in Tibet.In the northeastern and northern border areas,the contribution of transportation force to urbanization is greater than other forces,and its interaction with market and industry has obvious effects.

山坝结构与族际共生:历史时期西南边疆民族交往交流交融的文化生态学考察

历史上西南边疆地区不同的经济文化类型和民族分布格局,反映了山坝结构形态下多元民族互嵌共生的社会结构特点。在山坝结构的空间单位中,各民族既发展出适应各自生境的经济文化类型,又通过不同群体的交流互动形成既相互区别又相互联系的社会文化系统。以山坝结构为研究对象,不仅能够较为清晰地呈现“人地关系”下西南边疆各民族交往互动的空间特征,而且还可以从民族共生的整体逻辑来认识西南边疆民族社会历史发展的多样性以及边疆各民族交往交流交融历史演进的区域特性。在认识论层面,相关研究或许能够在传统认知基础上,为当下中华民族共同体形成路径等议题提供一种新的观察视角。

基于时空多成分模型的中缅边境地区景洪市登革热流行特征分析

目的了解中缅边境地区景洪市2019年登革热时空分布特征及传播影响因素。方法收集中缅边境地区景洪市2019年登革热本地病例逐日发病数,将人口密度、人均GDP、日平均气温、日平均相对湿度和日照时数等因素作为协变量,构建基于Power-law算法的时空多成分模型,通过赤池信息量(Akaike information criterion,AIC)来评价模型的拟合效果。结果中缅边境地区景洪市2019年累计报告3303例登革热本地病例,发病率为763.44/10万。将人均GDP纳入时间自相关成分,同时将人口密度、日平均气温、日平均最高气温和日平均相对湿度纳入局部特性成分的时空多成分模型的拟合效果最优(AIC=2317),此时时间自相关成分为0.2151[95%CI:(0.0812,0.5702)]、空间流行成分为0.0004[95%CI:(0.0002,0.0010)]、局部特性成分为3.0152[95%CI:(1.6507,5.5078)]。协变量日平均相对湿度、人口密度、人均GDP、日平均气温、日平均最高气温的作用强度依次为2.8159[95%CI:(0.0216,367.1685)]、1.8227[95%CI:(1.4976,2.2183)]、1.2088[95%CI:(1.0577,1.3816)]、0.3561[95%CI:(0.0119,10.6739)]、0.3104[95%CI:(0.0036,126.5482)]。对发病数>20例的区域分析发现,允景洪街道、西双版纳旅游度假区和景洪工业园区时间自相关成分影响较大,嘎洒镇、勐龙镇和勐罕镇局部特性成分影响较大。结论景洪市不同区域登革热时空构成存在差异性,具有不同的时空传播特征。人均GDP会扩大前期疫情对后期疫情传播的影响,人口密度、日平均气温、日平均最高气温和日平均相对湿度则会影响研究区域登革热本地风险水平。

“边境-粮食-生态”安全视域下耕地利用生态效率演变特征与机制——以中越边境地区为例

明晰耕地利用生态效率的驱动机理是深化土地科学前沿探索、优化粮食安全发展格局的关键基础。建构“边境-粮食-生态”安全框架,采用非期望产出的超效率SBM模型测算2000—2020年中越边境地区耕地利用生态效率,通过泰尔指数研究其演变特征和区域差异,并运用动态面板系统GMM模型揭示耕地利用生态效率的驱动机制。结果表明:(1)中越边境地区耕地利用生态效率指数总体呈现“先升-后降-再升”的变化趋势,整体处在中等效率水平,空间表现为“北高-南低”分布格局,省际差异是造成区域差异的主要原因。(2)化肥使用过量、劳动力过剩和碳排放增加是造成中越边境地区耕地投入产出要素松弛、耕地利用生态效率损失的重要因素。(3)中越边境地区耕地利用生态效率由多因子交互作用驱动,地形坡度、城镇化、边境贸易水平、财政支农水平是提高耕地利用生态效率的积极因素,水土流失率、工业化和劳均耕地规模对耕地利用生态效率具有抑制效应。中越边境地区亟需优化耕地经营投入结构,向“投入优-产出高-排放低”方向转型,构建边境粮农稳态格局,促进边境地区长足稳定高质量发展。

中国陆地边境地区城镇化与生态系统健康的动态交互响应

研究目的:探究边境地区城镇化与生态系统健康的变化情况及两者的相互解耦状态特征,为区域经济和环境协调发展提供参考。研究方法:城镇化发展水平测定、生态系统健康评价、随机森林模型、解耦模型。研究结果:(1)在时间维度上,综合城镇化由萌芽阶段升为初步发展阶段,人口、土地、经济、社会城镇化水平均呈上升趋势;生态系统健康整体呈波动下降趋势,表现为生态系统自然健康下降,但综合生态系统服务指数提升。(2)在空间维度上,综合城镇化等级较高的地区多分布在内蒙区,等级较低的地区多分布在新疆区;生态系统健康指数较高的地区多分布在东北区、滇桂区和西藏区,指数较低的地区多分布在内蒙区和新疆区。(3)土地城镇化对生态系统健康变化的影响日益显著。(4)城镇化与生态系统健康间的解耦关系在2000—2020年呈现出由扩张性负解耦到强解耦的变化趋势。研究结论:边境地区城镇化与生态系统健康解耦状态多变且区域差异显著,沿边地区在发展经济的同时,需因地制宜提出生态保护措施,实现经济与环境的可持续发展。

中国西部边疆民族地区文旅融合高质量发展时空演化及驱动因素分析

旅游业是国民经济的战略性支柱产业,发挥着文化繁荣、民族团结、稳疆固边的作用。中国西部边疆民族地区文化旅游资源丰富,推动文旅融合高质量发展是促进各民族交往交流交融、铸牢中华民族共同体意识的重要抓手。以中国西部边疆民族地区为研究对象,基于2011—2020年的多指标面板数据,测度文化和旅游高质量发展水平,分析协调度时空演化,并识别驱动因素。结果表明:(1)西部边疆民族地区文化和旅游高质量发展水平总体呈上升趋势,2020年新冠疫情对旅游业冲击明显,受历史文化沉淀和文化交流影响,文化高质量发展水平高于旅游高质量发展水平。(2)各省区文旅融合高质量发展协调度波动上升,协调等级逐步优化,广西和云南文旅融合高质量发展协调水平较高,形成“马太效应”。(3)投资水平、政策支持、市场供给和交通条件是西部边疆民族地区文旅融合高质量发展的重要驱动力,其中投资水平表现出的效用最强。研究结果可为西部边疆民族地区文旅融合高质量发展提供理论依据和数据支撑,有助于加强文化旅游建设,实现旅游业转型升级,提升文化活力和影响力。

国外案例对西南边陲山区乡村振兴战略的启示——以云南省B市为例

中央工作多次指出全方位执行乡村振兴战略的过程中,将妥善解决“三农”问题作为全党工作首要责任,聚集力量全面推进乡村振兴。但由于地理、历史、经济和社会等多方面原因,西南边陲山区在乡村振兴方面面临着诸多挑战,当前结合西南边陲山区实际的乡村振兴案例研究较少。该文充分结合日、韩、德、法等国家的乡村发展情况,着重分析国外乡村振兴的演变历程,借鉴其乡村建设和农业农村发展的丰富经验,通过对其乡村振兴的背景、政策视角、政策目标的研究和对比,深入分析云南省B市农业农村的发展现状和现存问题,提出乡村建设针对性的建议和措施,以期为我国边陲山区、民族融合地区全面推进乡村振兴战略的实施带来参考和启示。

国际区域视野下边疆治理的区域主义形成与演进机制探析--以中国西南边疆为例

关于边疆治理的区域主义转向的学术讨论,部分研究从国际区域的视野阐释边疆治理的区域主义,强调拓展边疆治理的国际区域空间,但对边疆治理在国际区域层面的区域主义形成与演进机制解释不足。引入国际关系学科的区域主义理论对边疆治理进行解析,有助于深化国际区域视野下边疆治理的区域主义理论与实践研究。借助区域化理论框架,边疆治理在国际区域层面的区域主义形成与演进机制包括起源、功能性、社会化和影响四个阶段,并且以边界问题解决为前提,与国家层面的区域主义有区别及联系。以中国西南边疆为案例,国际区域视野下边疆治理的区域主义形成与演进蕴含边疆治理与国际区域治理协同演进的逻辑,展现中国与周边国家命运共同体构建的路径探索。

西南边境少数民族网络社群的信息生态机制分析——兼对铸牢中华民族共同体意识的考察

我国西南边境地区少数民族具有群体跨境流动、相对贫困落后、民族成分复杂、宗教信仰多样等特征,该地区“三股势力”依然活跃,并渗入各类网络社群,煽动不良情绪。从维护边境安全稳定与中华民族完整统一的国家战略来看,亟须统筹合力,优化网络社群生态,使其成为铸牢中华民族共同体意识的重要阵地。对西南边境部分村落、乡镇进行调研,借鉴信息生态理论,将少数民族网络社群视作信息生态环境的重要有机体,发现其遵循以下信息生态机制:公共议题讨论,基于情感需求的“线上—线下”交互的运行机制;基层治理信息交互,社会信息交流共同体的信息交互机制;基于锚定的强集聚效应,信息中心节点聚合效应显著但不稳定性客观存在的动员机制。

Palinspastic reconstruction and geological evolution of Permian residual marine basins bordering China and Mongolia

One main feature of the tectono-paleogeographic evolution of the southern branch of the Paleo-Asian Ocean was that there developed residual marine basins in former backarc/forearc regions after the disappearance of oceanic crust.The paper illustrates the viewpoint taking the evolution of Dalandzadgad and Solonker oceanic basins as examples.The Dalandzadgad ocean subducted southwards during the Silurian-Devonian,created an intra-oceanic arc and a backarc basin in southern Mongolia.In addition,a continent marginal arc formed along the national boundary between China and Mongolia,the south of which was a backarc basin.The oceanic basin closed and arc-arc(continent) collision occurred during the early Early Permian,followed by two residual marine basins developing in the former backarc regions,named the South Gobi Basin in southern Mongolia and the Guaizihu Basin in western Inner Mongolia.The Solonker ocean subducted southwards and finally disappeared during the early Middle Permian.Afterwards,two residual marine basins occurred in northern China,the Zhesi Basin being situated in the former backarc region and the Wujiatun Basin in the former forearc region.The late Middle Permian was the most optimum period for the developing residual marine basins,when they covered a vast area.The basin evolution differentiated during the early Late Permian,with a general trend of uplift in the east and of subsidence in the west.The Upper Permian in the South Gobi Basin was characterized by coal-bearing strata hosting economically valuable coal fields.A transgression invaded westwards and the Chandmani-Bayanleg Basin was created in southwest Mongolia during the middle-late stage of the Late Permian.Correspondingly,the coal formation entered a flourishing time,with thick coal beds and sedimentary interbeds.All of these basins,namely,both the marine and nonmarine residual basins,reversed and closed by the end of Permian.

中国共产党在陕甘宁边区开展生态环境保护的历史实践与经验

抗日战争时期,为了改善生态环境、解决生存问题、赢得革命的胜利,中国共产党在陕甘宁边区通过制定植树造林计划、开展植树造林活动、探索科学护林办法、颁发植树造林政策法规、宣传树木保护方法等方式开展生态环境保护的实践,在思想教育、发展理念、人才培养、法治思维、资源开发方面为新时代中国特色社会主义生态文明建设提供了现实借鉴。

从“箸”与“筷子”解读云南人的饮食记忆

筷子在云南境内的传播经历了一个相当漫长的过程,距今已经有两千多年的历史。蜀身毒道的开拓使云南成了联结印度和华夏文明的锁链,为“梜”“箸”等中华饮食器具的传播提供了有利条件。从东往西(即五尺道)、从北往南(即零关道)的两条传播路线在滇中交汇,催生了云南历史上较早的一批青铜箸原产地,因为考古工作者在祥云县大波那村发掘到了战国中晚期的实物证据,在云南世居族群的语言中至今仍顽强地保留着“梜”“箸”的历史称谓。从青铜箸到金银箸、从竹木筷到象牙筷的制作技艺凝聚着云南人的智慧和汗水,为他们深植了割舍不掉的饮食文化基因,增强了中华饮食文化圈的共同体意识。

党在陕甘边苏区坚持人民至上的经验启示

刘志丹、谢子长、习仲勋等共产党人坚持人民至上理念,创新群众工作方式,团结依靠人民,开创、巩固和发展了陕甘边革命根据地,开创了中国革命的新局面。陕甘边苏区坚持人民至上的伟大实践,取得了政治、经济、文化等方面的伟大成就。这些实践凝结着陕甘边共产党人坚定正确的政治方向、坚持面向群众、善于开拓创新等经验智慧,为新时代坚持人民至上提供了现实启示。