Characteristics of Uranium Mineralization in Red Clastic Formations in the Southwestern Margin of the Ordos Basin

In the southwestern margin of the Ordos Basin,uranium mineralization is primarily hosted by predominantly oxidative red clastic formations in the Lower Cretaceous.The main target layers for uranium exploration are the Madongshan and Liwaxia formations of the Liupanshan Group,followed by the Jingchuan Formation of the Zhidan Group.The host rocks(medium-fine feldspar quartz sandstone),which are bleached to a light grayish white color,contain a minor organic matter component and pyrite.Uranium mineralization changes from surficial infiltration or phreatic oxidation in the upper part to interlayer oxidation in the lower part.Uranium ore bodies are mostly lenticular or tabular in shape,locally shaped like crescent rolls.Individual ore bodies are typically small and shallow.Uranium predominantly manifests as pitchblende and coffinite.Coffinite is usually short and columnar or granular in habit,whereas pitchblende occurs as an irregular colloidal covering on the surface or in fissures of ferric oxide,silicate,clay or carbonate.Secondary uranium minerals are torbernite,uranophane,and uranopilite.Minerals associated with uranium are mainly pyrite,chalcopyrite and,to a minor extent,arsenopyrite and fluorite.The associated elements are Mo,V,Se,Co,Ni,and Mn,the host sandstone being high in Cu and Ba.Overall,the red clastic formations in the southwestern margin of the Ordos Basin are characterized by’five multiples but one low’which means multiple target layers,multiple stages of mineralization,multiple ore body shapes,multiple kinds of uranium minerals,multiple associated elements,but low organic matter.This implies an overall complex uranium metallogenic environment and mineralization process.It is recommended that future uranium exploration should take into consideration regional metallogenic conditions and mineralization features,with target layers in the wide-smooth synclinal slope being focused on.Most uranium deposits are small to medium in size,and the main type of uranium mineralization can vary by target layer.

Relationship between joint development in rock and coal seams in the southeastern margin of the Ordos basin

To predict joint development characteristics of coal seams, joint characteristics of rock seams from 88field stations were observed and comparisons were made between joint characteristics of coal and rock seams at 10 coal outcrops. Additionally, detailed joint measurements of underground coal seams were taken at two coal mines. This study investigated the effects of seam thickness, lithology, and structure on joint development and established the relationship between joint development of coal and rock seams, which allowed predictions of predominant joint densities for the No.5 coal seam in the southeastern margin of the Ordos basin. The results show that outcrop and underground coal seams exhibit the same joint systems as rock seams. The joints are mainly upright. Predominant joints strike 55° on average, followed by joints striking 320°. The joint density of the coal seam is 18.7–22.5 times that of the sandstone seam at the same thickness. The predominant joint density of the No.5 coal seam, controlled by the structure, is 4–20 joints per meter. Joint densities exhibit high values at intersecting areas of faults and folds and decrease values in structurally stable areas. The permeability increases exponentially with increasing density of the predominant joints.

Factors Controlling Hydrocarbon Accumulation in Jurassic Reservoirs in the Southwest Ordos Basin, NW China

The sedimentary, paleogeomorphological and reservoir characteristics of the Jurassic Yan’an Formation in the southwestern Ordos Basin, northwestern China, were studied by means of casting thin sections, scanning electron microscopy, inclusion analysis and identification of low-amplitude structures. A model for reservoir formation is established, and the controlling effects of sedimentary facies, paleotopography, low-amplitude structures and formation water on oil reservoirs are revealed. There are significant differences in the sedimentary characteristics, structural morphology and paleowater characteristics between the reservoirs above the Yan 10 Member and those in the Yan 9 to Yan 7 Members. The Yan 10 Member contains fluvial sediments, whereas the Yan 9 to Yan 7 members contain delta-plain anastomosing-river deposits. The distribution of high-permeability reservoir is controlled by pre-Jurassic paleogeomorphology and sedimentary facies. Some of these facies exhibit high porosity and high permeability in a lowpermeability background. The main hydrocarbon accumulation period was the late Early Cretaceous, filling was continuous, and the charging strength altered from weak to strong and then from strong to weak. The Yan 10 reservoir is mainly controlled by the paleogeomorphology: hydrocarbons migrated upward at a high speed through the unconformity surface, and accumulated in the favorable traps formed by paleogeomorphic structural units, such as gentle slopes or channel island. Furthermore, groundwater alternation in these areas was relatively stagnant, providing good reservoir preservation conditions. The reservoirs in the Yan 9 and higher members are controlled by the sedimentary facies, lowamplitude structure and paleowater characteristics. Hydrocarbons migrated through the three-dimensional delivery system, influenced by favorable sedimentary facies and high-salinity groundwater, then accumulated in the favorable low-amplitude structural traps that formed during the hydrocarbon production period.

Provenance of Late Mesozoic Strata and Tectonic Implications for the Southwestern Ordos Basin,North China:Evidence from Detrital Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Hf Isotopes

In order to determine the provenance and variation characteristics of sandstone-type uranium deposits located in the southwest Ordos Basin,U-Pb geochronology and Hf isotope analyses were conducted on detrital zircons from the Late Mesozoic strata of the SD01 well in the Zhenyuan area.The detrital zircon U-Pb ages of four samples exhibited four main peaks at 250–330,420–500,1720–2000,and 2340–2580 Ma,with a small number of zircons dated at 770–1100 Ma.The detrital zircon age spectrum and further restriction provided by the in-situ Hf isotopic data suggest that the provenance of each stratum was mainly derived from the crystalline basement rock series(Khondalites,intermediate-acidic intrusive rocks,and metamorphic rocks)of the Alxa Block to the northwest and the Yinshan Block to the north,with minor amounts of Caledonian magmatic rocks and Jingning Period rocks from the western part of the northern Qilian orogenic belt to the west and the northern Qinling orogenic belt to the south.The provenance of the sandbody has not changed significantly and is of the Middle Jurassic–Early Cretaceous.The clear variations in the zircon ages of the samples from the Zhiluo and Anding formations were likely influenced by climate change during the Middle–Late Jurassic.The Triassic zircon age(<250 Ma)first appeared in Early Cretaceous strata,suggesting that tectonic activity was relatively strong in the northern Qinling orogenic belt during the Late Jurassic and produced extensive outcrops of Indo-Chinese granite,which were a source of basin sediments.

Petrography and tectonic provenance of the Permian Tunas Formation:Implications on the paleotectonic setting during the ClaromecóForeland Basin evolution,southwestern Gondwana margin,Argentina

The Claromec o Basin is located at the south-western sector of the Buenos Aires province,Argentina.This basin is considered a foreland basin closely related to the evolution of the southwestern Gondwana margin.This contribution focuses on the provenance analysis of the Tunas Formation(Permian,Pillahuinc o Group),which represents the last filling stage for the Claromec o Foreland Basin.Petrographic and tectonic provenance analyses were performed in sandstones recovered from subsurface(PANG 0001 and PANG0003 exploration wells)and outcrops located close to the basin center(Gonzales Chaves locality).In the subsurface,the analyzed succession is composed of medium-to fine-grained sandstones interbedded with tuffs,mudrocks,carbonaceous mudrocks and coal beds.In outcrops,the succession is dominated by mediumto fine-grained sandstones interbedded with siltstones.Modal composition patterns are distributed into the recycled orogen and transitionally recycled to mixed fields.Petrographic analyses,in addition to provenance and sedimentological studies,confirm that sedimentary material was derived from a mixed source,which largely comes from the Sierras Australes fold and thrust belt,located towards the W-SW,where the sedimentary succession is interbedded with volcanic material.The Tunas Formation shows clear differences in its modal composition,paleocurrent direction and paleoenvironmental conditions with respect to the underlying units of the Pillahuinc o Group(Sauce Grande,Piedra Azul and Bonete formations).Source areas changed from cratonic to mixed fold belt/arc-derived material,suggesting variations in the Claromec o Basin configuration during the Late Paleozoic.Changes in the paleotectonic scenario during the deposition of the Tunas Formation have been interpreted as a consequence of a compressive post-collisional deformation event,the product of adjustment,accommodation and translation of terrains towards the equator during the Permian-Triassic to form Pangea.

鄂尔多斯盆地东缘奥陶纪马家沟期边界断层的新认识及其对成钾凹陷的控制

鄂尔多斯盆地陕北盐盆奥陶系马家沟组具备良好的成钾潜力,然而,当前仅勘探到薄钾石盐矿层和厚层钾石盐矿化段,大规模钾盐矿尚未发现。通过分析鄂尔多斯盆地东缘地震剖面的构造特征,认为盆地东缘晋西挠褶带西部马五6亚段沉积期存在活动边界正断层。在该断层作用下,形成东断西超的活动同沉积凹陷,富钾卤水大量汇聚于此。在持续干旱的强蒸发环境下,卤水持续浓缩,成钾窗口出现,钾石盐大规模析出,进而形成整装海相优质固体钾石盐矿床。侏罗纪末期,挤压应力导致成钾凹陷抬升,形成古凹今隆的格局,钾盐层抬升至较浅部位,有利于水溶法经济开采。

鄂尔多斯盆地及周缘岩相古地理与沉积演化

鄂尔多斯盆地的沉积演化起始于中元古代,发育陆缘裂谷和陆内拗拉槽,沉积滨海相碎屑岩和潮坪相碳酸盐岩,新元古代盆地性质为大陆边缘地堑型坳陷,沉积滞留海盆碎屑岩、冰水沉积物组合及陆棚碎屑岩;早古生代寒武纪和奥陶纪的克拉通盆地主要沉积浅海碳酸盐岩,在西南缘发育沟-弧-盆体系;经过加里东运动抬升剥蚀后,开始了华北克拉通坳陷盆地的沉积演化过程,晚石炭世和早二叠世发育了陆表海沉积,早二叠世晚期—中三叠世形成了近岸碎屑湖盆沉积;中晚三叠世延长期至早白垩世,鄂尔多斯盆地最终形成,进入大型内陆差异沉积盆地的形成和发展时期,上三叠统、侏罗系和下白垩统是在鄂尔多斯盆地缓慢沉降过程中堆积的以河流-三角洲-湖泊相为特征的陆源碎屑岩系;新生代进入周边断陷发育阶段,先后发育河流-湖泊及风成沉积。这一系列沉积演化过程揭示了鄂尔多斯盆地复杂的地质历史和多样的沉积环境。

鄂尔多斯盆地西缘中-上奥陶统烃源岩的形成环境、成烃生物及岩矿特征

鄂尔多斯盆地西南缘奥陶系发育与盆地本部奥陶系沉积特征截然不同的沉积层,其中西缘的中-上奥陶统烃源岩发育较好的海相烃源岩层。近期,通过对该套烃源岩形成的构造—沉积环境、成烃生物特征及烃源岩层岩矿特征等方面的分析,表明有利烃源岩的发育受多种因素的控制,其分布具有一定的规律性:1)盆地中-上奥陶统主力烃源岩主要形成于沉积水体不断加深的构造沉积背景,其中沉积水体能量较弱,陆源碎屑注入相对较慢的半深水斜坡环境最有利于富有机质烃源岩发育;2)西南缘奥陶纪虽然生物类型多样,种群繁盛,但能形成重要烃源岩层的母源生物(生烃母质)却多以浮游生物、疑源类(微体藻类)及蓝细菌为主,相对还原的介质环境和适宜的沉积埋藏速率对有机质的有效保存也起重要的控制作用;3)X-衍射物相分析及扫描电镜等微观研究显示,主力烃源层段所谓“泥页岩层”的造岩矿物类型仍以石英、长石类为主,次为伊利石类黏土矿物与碳酸盐矿物,少量黄铁矿等;黏土矿物及黄铁矿含量与有机质丰度关系密切。

鄂尔多斯盆地南缘麟游-淳化地区平凉组礁滩体沉积特征及分布预测

鄂尔多斯盆地南缘平凉期发育规模生物礁滩型储层,目前对该区的研究主要集中在礁滩体的类型、成因、区域演化等方面,而对礁滩体的地球物理预测尚未开展系统研究。为了提高礁滩体的预测精度,建立礁滩体储层地震预测方法,通过野外露头实地踏勘,结合岩心及分析测试等资料,对镶边台地高能环境下的生物礁滩发育特征进行研究。通过已知井的井震响应特征,建立礁滩体正演模型,同时开展流体活动性、地震纹理属性分析,形成研究区礁滩体储层的地震预测方法。结果表明:鄂尔多斯盆地南缘平凉组主要发育碳酸盐岩台地边缘-浅水陆棚沉积体系;礁滩体主要分布于台地边缘亚相,多期叠置;高亮体和纹理属性对礁滩体的预测效果最好,2种方法的联合应用大大提高了礁滩体预测精度。研究成果为台缘带礁滩体平面分布规律预测和鄂尔多斯盆地南缘平凉组礁滩体的勘探开发奠定基础。

鄂尔多斯盆地西南缘断缝体油藏开发特征与潜力

鄂尔多斯盆地西南缘广泛发育不同规模断层和裂缝,极大地改善了致密储层渗流能力,形成了基质储层低渗透背景下的优质油藏类型——断缝体油藏,同时也加剧了油藏的非均质性和产能的差异性,给油藏内幕结构精细刻画和产能控制因素研究带来挑战。充分运用断裂体系空间刻画、断裂分类分级和产能对比分析等方法,基于井-震-藏联合攻关进一步明确了断缝体油藏开发特征。建立了断缝体油藏“二元四区”模型,划分出断核破碎带、诱导裂缝带、微裂缝改造带、基质孔隙带等4个区带,其中断核破碎带是主要产量贡献单元。断层延伸长度越长、实钻构造位置越高,断核破碎带单井产能越高。诱导裂缝带距离断层越近,产能也越高。断缝体油井生产特征主要分为3个阶段:①断裂系统作为储集体的高产阶段;②断裂系统既作为储集体又同时发挥导流作用的储-导转化阶段;③裂缝主要发挥导流作用阶段。通过研究大幅提升了断缝体油藏高产井占比,同时对盆地西南缘中生界油藏高效滚动勘探开发部署具有重要的指导作用。

东胜气田致密高含水气藏合采气井层间干扰影响因素

为了明确鄂尔多斯盆地北缘致密高含水气藏合采气井层间干扰及其影响因素,指导同类型气藏合采气井高效开发,以该盆地北缘东胜气田致密高含水气藏为研究对象,分析了储集层地质条件、储集层改造对合采井产层段贡献的影响,指出了该类合采气井层间干扰的主控因素。研究结果表明:(1)合采井各产层段贡献率主要受各产层段的孔隙度、渗透率及含气饱和度控制,其产层段孔隙度占主导地位;(2)储层压裂改造对于提高气井产量具有较大的作用,但对合采井各产层段的贡献率却很小;(3)对于致密高含水气藏而言,含气饱和度是合采井产层段贡献率及层间干扰的一个重要影响因子;(4)合采井各产层段之间的孔隙度级差、渗透率级差及含气饱和度级差直接影响着合采井层间干扰程度。结论认为:(1)合采井产层段的孔隙度越大、渗透性越好、含气饱和度越高,则产层段的产量贡献率越大;(2)合采井孔隙度、渗透率及含气饱和度3个参数的级差越大,层间干扰程度越大,当孔隙度级差大于1.248或渗透率级差大于2.69或含气饱和度级差大于1.22时,合采井层间干扰已经非常严重,亟需开展治理。

鄂尔多斯盆地东缘深部煤层气开发先导试验效果与启示

鄂尔多斯盆地东缘大宁-吉县区块深部煤层气勘探开发取得突破对煤层气产业带来重大影响,引起业内广泛关注和跟进。前期一些学者对深部煤层气勘探开发理论技术难点与对策开展了研究,但缺乏对典型气田开发先导试验系统总结。通过深入剖析深部煤层气地质特征与效益开发难点,总结大宁-吉县区块开发先导试验项目取得的进展和成效,明确开发规律并提出效益开发对策。结果表明:(1)深部煤层具有广覆式发育、含气性好、游离气含量高、保存条件好、煤体结构好、脆性指数高、顶底板封盖性强等地质特征,但微构造发育、渗透性极差、矿化度高等因素制约了深部煤层气效益开发;(2)不同地质条件下气井生产特征差异较大,通过先导试验落实气井产能和适应性开发技术对策,采用滚动开发模式可有效降低煤层强非均质性带来的开发风险;(3)开展地质-工程一体化井网优化设计,构建井网与缝网高度弥合的人造气藏,可实现资源动用和采收率最大化;(4)“长水平段+多段多簇+大砂量”的大规模、大排量极限体积压裂技术可增大有效改造体积和井控储量,大幅提高单井产量;(5)深部煤层气井具有“见气时间短、上产速度快、初期产量高、递减快”的生产特征,可实现短期快速规模上产,但气田长期稳产需持续新井投入;(6)前期开发成本偏高,实现效益开发需不断提高工程作业效率、降低开发成本。综合认为,深部煤层气资源品质好,可动用性强,具备快速推广复制条件,大宁-吉县区块深部煤层气开发实践可为国内其他区块深部煤层气规模动用提供技术借鉴,对加快深部煤层气规模勘探开发具有重要意义。

大宁–吉县区块深部煤层气多轮次转向压裂技术及应用

鄂尔多斯盆地东缘大宁-吉县区块深部煤层气资源丰度高,煤储层天然裂缝与煤自身割理裂隙发育、煤体结构好、机械强度高、顶底板封盖能力强,为大规模体积压裂缝网的形成提供了有利条件。超大规模压裂改造工艺使深部煤层气单井产量获得重大突破,但示踪剂监测结果显示,水平井各压裂段产气效果贡献不均一、资源动用存在盲区、综合效益未达预期。指出深部煤储层形成超大规模有效缝网面临两类主要挑战:(1)深部煤层裂缝扩展规律认识不清;(2)现有压裂技术存在过度改造及改造不充分区域。基于此问题,提出适合深部煤储层改造的多轮次转向缝网弥合压裂技术。首先,分析深部煤层超大规模缝网形成的可行性;其次结合现场压裂数据与微地震监测结果,分析地层曲率、倾角等对压裂裂缝扩展的影响;最后建立应力场计算方法,以此为依据,进行多轮次转向工艺优化及现场试验。在大宁-吉县区块现场进行试验验证,井周微应力场非均匀区域水力裂缝实现了较为均匀的扩展,增大了裂缝整体改造体积,单井产气效果较周边井有明显提升,其中DJ55井5轮次压裂,储层改造体积达到243.6×10^(4)m^(3),生产340 d累产气量970.5×10^(4)m^(3),平均日产气量2.85×10^(4)m^(3),日产量和压力均保持稳定,改造效果较好,预计采收储量(EUR)大于3000×10^(4)m^(3),产气潜力较大;JS8-6P05井第1-7段采用2~3轮次压裂,压后日产气量8.59×10^(4)m^(3),相比各段均采用单轮次压裂的JS8-6P04井加砂规模降低41.9%、压裂费用降低21%,但2口井水平段千米日产气量相当。试验效果表明,多轮次压裂工艺在一定程度上解决了水平井两侧应力差异而导致的裂缝单侧扩展问题,促进井筒两侧压裂裂缝趋于均匀扩展,极大程度上保障了深部煤储层资源动用程度和压后产量,是深部煤层气压裂工艺降本增效的主要技术途径。

鄂尔多斯盆地东缘深部煤层气高效开发理论技术体系

针对深部煤储层埋藏深、渗透率低、应力环境复杂等开发难题,总结大宁—吉县区块近5 a勘探开发取得成果,明确了资源富集条件、有效改造体积、水平段长、良好储盖组合条件是气井高产关键因素。在“人造气藏”开发理论指导下,建立了地质-工程一体化背景下的深部煤层气高效开发技术体系:(1)基于储层资源条件、构造保存条件和工程改造条件三大类11项指标,建立深部煤层气地质工程开发甜点评价标准;(2)基于微幅构造刻画、多尺度裂缝预测、三维地质模型构建等技术,形成“地质+工程”全要素定量化、可视化表征的煤储层精细评价技术;(3)按照“地质小尺度、三维地震微尺度、轨迹走靶体、少调快钻”导向思路,形成以钻前轨迹精优设计、精准入靶及靶后微调为核心的三阶段地质工程一体化导向技术;(4)按照实现资源动用和采收率最大化为目标,形成“地应力场、天然裂缝场、人工裂缝场、井型与方位、井网井距”五位一体井网优化设计技术;(5)依据深部煤层气赋存特征、渗流机理和气井生产特征,形成以产量不稳定分析法为主,经验产量递减法、数值模拟法和经验类比等多方法结合的气井产能评价及EUR预测技术;(6)遵循“四位一体”精准选段和“井间交错+段内差异化”设计原则,形成以构建人造气藏为目标的大规模体积压裂技术;(7)根据气井气水变化特征,形成全生命周期不同生产阶段排采优化控制技术;(8)结合当前AI技术进展与深部煤层气开发规律、集输等特征,探索了地质、工程、地面等多专业一体化协同环境下集输和数智化技术。在这一成果指导下,已投产29口水平井生产初期日产量5×10^(4)~16×10^(4) m^(3),平均10.2×10^(4) m^(3),区块日产气量突破300万m^(3),对加快鄂尔多斯盆地东缘深部煤层气规模上产具有重要指导意义,也为同类资源高效开发建立了参考标准。

临兴区块深部煤层气井生产特征及影响因素

【目的】深部煤层气生产特征与中浅部煤层气生产特征具有明显区别,且同一区块内深部煤层气排采井也存在差异性。相关研究尚处于探索阶段,深入分析深部煤层气生产特征差异的影响因素对后续大规模开发阶段的产能预测与生产管理具有重要意义。【方法】为明确临兴区块深部煤层气生产特征及其影响因素,基于含气性、煤厚、埋深、水化学特征及压裂工艺等地质工程因素开展研究。【结果和结论】结果表明:(1)临兴区块深部煤层气井分为过饱和气藏自喷井、过饱和气藏排采井和欠饱和气藏排采井3类。(2)含气性是3种生产特征的主控因素,工区内1800~2000 m埋深的煤层气井含气量与稳产气量均相对较高。(3)欠饱和气藏排采井储层保存条件较差,水化学特征与其他两类井存在明显差异,导致其生产效果相对较差,且由于高矿化度和高碳酸氢根离子产生的管柱结垢与腐蚀导致排采不连续。(4)大规模压裂是提高气井产量的有效储层改造措施,压裂砂对裂缝的有效支撑是保障深部煤层气井高气量稳产的关键因素。上述成果明确了临兴区块深部煤层气生产特征差异影响因素,对研究区和邻近地区深部煤层气生产具有参考意义。

鄂尔多斯盆地府谷地区深部煤层气富集成藏规律及有利区评价

鄂尔多斯盆地东缘神府区块是典型深部煤层气田,资源丰富且勘探开发潜力巨大。2023年10月,神府深部煤层大气田成功申报探明地质储量超1100亿m^(3)。府谷地区位于神府区块中部,是最早深部煤层气生产试验区,但目前对其煤层气的富集成藏规律和勘探开发潜力的认识尚不清楚。综合应用地震、测井、钻井和煤岩测试等资料以查明该地区深部煤层气地质特征、富集成藏规律和有利区分布。结果表明:主力煤层4+5、8+9号煤发育稳定且厚度较大(4+5号煤:3.2~5.8 m;8+9号煤:8.7~13.5 m),有利层段主要分布在煤层中上部位置;宏观煤岩类型主要为光亮-半亮煤,煤体结构主要为原生-碎裂结构煤;受深成变质作用的影响,煤类以气煤、肥煤和焦煤为主,煤的变质程度处于热解生气的高峰期,煤储层表现出中-高含气量(4+5号煤:3.0~12.0 m^(3)/t;8+9号煤:7.5~18.5 m^(3)/t)和中-高含气饱和度(35.0%~115.0%)等特征;主力煤层属于低渗储层((0.01~0.09)×10^(-3)μm^(2)),孔隙结构主要以微孔和小孔为主。提出府谷地区煤层气为“挠褶-断层-水动力”富集成藏模式,煤层气富集区位于构造平缓区和斜坡带。建立深部煤层气地质-工程双甜点评价体系,识别出I类地质-工程甜点区位于东部和西南部,是研究区深部煤层气勘探开发首选区带。因此,该研究认识进一步丰富了深部煤层气富集成藏理论,对鄂东缘深部煤层气勘探开发实践具有重要指导意义。

鄂尔多斯盆地西北缘海相页岩裂缝孔隙发育特征与页岩气富集模式:以奥陶系乌拉力克组为例

鄂尔多斯盆地西北缘奥陶系乌拉力克组是华北板块页岩气勘探的新领域,其成藏条件和富集特征与中国南方海相页岩气田差异较大。本文以钻井岩心、测井和分析测试等地质资料为基础,重点开展乌拉力克组裂缝发育特征研究,探索西北缘海相页岩气聚集模式,并获得4点认识:(1)乌拉力克组受多种沉积微相控制,发育硅质页岩、钙质硅质混合页岩和黏土质硅质混合页岩,局部为碳酸盐岩(主要为角砾灰岩、泥灰岩)和钙质页岩,在不同区块岩相组合差异大,但下段整体富含硅质,脆性与龙马溪组下段相近,在前陆冲断席分布区有利于储层造缝;(2)乌拉力克组发育高角度充填缝和低角度顺层缝等两期裂缝,但以开启状顺层微小裂缝为主,且南段较北段发育;(3)乌拉力克组下段总孔隙度一般为2.46%~7.08%,与四川盆地龙马溪组基本接近,其中基质孔隙度占比为34.0%~90.0%(平均61.1%),裂缝孔隙度占比为10.0%~66.0%(平均38.9%);(4)乌拉力克组天然气赋存以游离气为主(占比超过64%),在本层无机孔隙和顺层缝系统中存在初次运移和二次运移。综合分析认为,受裂缝发育程度影响,马家滩上海庙探区主体为受构造控制的裂缝型页岩气聚集区,裂缝发育期与生气高峰期同步,有利于天然气在乌拉力克组内高效聚集成藏;铁克苏庙区块则为混合型页岩气聚集区。

宁夏红墩子矿区红四井田沉积古环境对富油煤焦油产率控制作用

选取宁夏红墩子矿区红四井田中太原组-山西组8层可采富油煤煤层为研究对象,基于钻孔煤质地球化学分析测试结果,探讨太原组-山西组沉积古环境演化与富油煤焦油产率关系。研究表明:红四井田太原组-山西组富油煤显微煤岩组分以镜质组为主,惰质组次之,煤质具有较低-较高水、中灰、低-中高硫、高挥发分的特征;富油煤焦油产率与灰分Ad、CaO/Fe_(2)O_(3)呈负相关,与全硫St,d、(Fe_(2)O_(3)+CaO+MgO)/(SiO_(2)+Al_(2)O_(3))、SO_(3)+Fe_(2)O_(3)、CaO+MgO呈正相关,受沉积古环境明显控制,潮湿、深覆水-强还原、强碱性、低古盐度的弱水动力的成煤环境更有利于富油煤的形成;鄂尔多斯盆地西缘晚石炭纪太原组煤层焦油产率相对较高,具备开发富油煤潜力。

鄂尔多斯盆地西缘北段构造地质大剖面解析及棋盘井向斜构造成因新解

西缘冲断带作为鄂尔多斯盆地的西部边界,地处众多不同性质构造单元的过渡区域,其地质特征十分复杂。近年来,西缘冲断带的油气勘探领域不断拓宽,多期次的构造运动影响了油气从生成、运聚到被破坏的整个过程,对这些构造运动产生的构造变形样式和过程的研究可以为进一步油气勘探奠定基础。本文选取鄂尔多斯盆地西缘北段一条最新处理的近东西向高精度二维地震测线,结合钻井以及露头资料对其进行精细解析和刻画,并运用2D-move软件对解析后的剖面进行反演与正演模拟。结果表明:1)鄂尔多斯盆地西缘北段棋盘井镇地区的向斜构造为基底复合构造楔向东楔入形成,向斜核部地层加厚与桌子山—横山堡断裂的活动有关;2)过鄂尔多斯盆地西缘北段的构造地质剖面现今长度120 km,经过反演平衡恢复后的剖面长度为137.68 km,累计构造缩短量17.86 km,整体构造缩短率约13%,其中燕山期的缩短量最大,缩短量12.72 km,缩短率为10%;3)根据地层接触关系及构造演化模拟可知棋盘井向斜的形成时间大致在燕山中期,银川地区在该时期为高部位隆起。

鄂尔多斯盆地西缘冲断带深井井壁稳定性研究

鄂尔多斯盆地西缘冲断带深层页岩气井钻井工程中垮塌、漏失、卡钻等复杂情况频发。为保障安全高效钻井,降低勘探开发成本,早日实现该区深层海相页岩气资源的经济高效开发,基于地应力、岩石力学等室内物理实验,结合现场工程参数及塌漏信息,考虑力学弱面影响,建立西缘冲断带深井全井段地层力学参数、全井段四压力剖面模型,评价不同岩性地层力学参数分布规律,揭示了西缘冲断带深井井壁坍塌、漏失等失稳机理。结果表明:羊虎沟组以上砂泥岩地层强度较低,为20~100 MPa,拉什仲组至桌子山组灰岩强度较高,超过100 MPa。较大的水平主应力差,发育的裂缝带、煤层是诱发井壁失稳的主要原因。建立的西缘冲断带深井岩石力学性能及四压力剖面预测,可为该地区井身结构优化设计,关键工程参数选取提供科学依据。