ANALYSIS ON THE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION VARIATION CHARACTERISTIC OF URBAN HEAT ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY AND ITS MECHANISM——A Case Study of Hangzhou City

Urban heat environmental quality (UHEQ) is affected by the interacting of weather condition and underlying surface framework of urban area. In the last two decades, many researchers from domestic and overseas have studied many problems at the aspect of urban heat environment such as urban heat islands, urban air temperature and their relation with urban land cover, city population, air pollution etc. In the recent years, Hangzhou, acting as a center city of Zhejiang Province in China, its urbanization quantum and quantity have both changed greatly, in particular, representing as business affairs building, resident real property and all kinds of specialty market having arisen in built-up zone. Based on Landsat TM images data in 1991 and 1999, urban underlying surface temperature value and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) were calculated using image interpreting and supervised classification technique by remote sensing software ERDAS image 8.4. The relation model between urban underlying surface temperature (UUST) and urban air temperature was setup according to the certain correlation pattern. Reference to the relational standard of assessing human comfort and other meteorology data of Hangzhou City in summer, the spatial distribution characteristic and the spatial variation degree of human comfort of heat environmental quality are estimated and mapped on a middle scale, that is, in six districts of Hangzhou City . Then the paper reveals the main characteristic of spatial variation from 1991 to 1999. Lastly, the change mechanism is analyzed and discussed from the viewpoint of city planning, construction and environmental protection.

ASSESSING THE QUALITY OF URBAN LIFE IN CHINA

The quality of life is considered as the distributed degree of social resources with significance to the urban residents as a whole. There are three features about the study of the quality of life by means of objective method. First, objective methid is based on the government publication of statistics from which the information of social environment influencing people’s life can be obtained by systematic analysis. Second, as a result of social policy and planning development, the quality of life studied by objective method can provide scieatific basis for regulating and making policy. Third, the objective method emphasize that the improvement of the quality of life mainly depends on the effort from the government so as to set up a coordinatly developed environment of community.On the basis of relevant data from the 1991 Yearbook of Urban Statirtics of China published by Statistics Press of China, and using spss, the quality of urban life in China is evaluated. Seventy four cities are selected from

Spatio-temporal Dynamic of Quality of Life of Residents, Northeast China

Quality of life(QOL) is a hotspot issue that has attracted increasing attention from the Chinese Government and scholars, it is also a vital issue that should be addressed during the cause of ′establishing overall well-off society′. Northeast China is one of the most import old industrial bases in China, however, the industrial structure of heavy chemical industry and the development mode of ′production first, living last′ have leaded to series of social problems, which have also become a serious bottleneck to social stability and economic sustainable development. Through applying the methods of BP neural network, exploratory spatial data analysis(ESDA) and spatial regression model, this paper examines the space-time dynamics of QOL of the residents in Northeast China. We first investigate the indexes of QOL of the residents and then use ESDA methods to visualize its space-time relationship. We have found a spatial agglomeration of QOL of the residents in middle-southern Liaoning Province, central Jilin Province and Harbin-Qiqihar-Daqing area of Heilongjiang Province. Two third of the counties are low-low spatial correlation, and the correlative type of about 60% of the prefecture level areas keeps stable, indicating QOL of the residents in Northeast China shows a certain character of path dependence or spatial locked. We have also found that economic strength and development levels of service industry have positive and obvious effect on QOL of the residents, while the effect of such indexes as the social service level and the proportion of the tertiary industries are less.

2010 World Expo and Urban Life Quality in Shanghai in Terms of Sustainable Development

Based on sustainable development theory and the UN's Human Development Index, this thesis puts forward what the quality of urban life implies, makes a study of the world Expo's potential influences on the urban life of Shanghai and advances the strategy and measures to strengthen the life-quality-facing urban

Renewal and Transformation of Old Urban Area of Medical Sage Temple in Nanyang City Based on the Concept of Life Circle

China’s urbanization level has reached a new stage.Urban development has changed from incremental expansion to inventory renewal.The demand of residents for a good living environment and compact living space is increasing.How to realize the intensive development of land based on human needs has become an urgent problem to be solved in urban development.Based on the planning concepts of inventory planning and life circle,this study made the renewal and transformation of old urban area of Medical Saint Temple in Nanyang City and analyzed the current spatial characteristic elements.Optimize the layout of public space in combination with residents’living needs,improve the functions and quality of urban areas,and build a healthy and sustainable development model to improve the living environment of the community and provide reference for the future urban renewal and transformation.

Identity of Urban Spaces: Assessment and Evaluation

As a major symbol of civilization,the city was built by man for his security and comfort.It is not only a settlement,but also an urban development which has been identified with the spirit that has been breathed into the community.Urban identity which is also known as collective identity,has gained meaning through the content of objective manifestation and the creation of flashbacks,citizens’memories and mental associations.That is what makes urban dwellers become citizens.Although the identity of the city is a result of civic culture,it still has an influence on the process of citizenship and can also be a reason for developing criteria related to the participation and assessment of its inhabitants.According to the view that identity is a set of traits and characteristics that distinguishes the dignity of a person and a society from other individuals and communities,a city becomes characterized and independent by adhering to these criteria.Despite the importance of identity as one of the richest qualitative aspects of urban life that gives meaning and fulfilment to the human quiddity,this complicated and expanded concept has still not been seriously considered,especially in relation to urban spaces.In fact,identity in architecture and urban spaces has recently diminished,since the main focus lies on building spaces for optimized profit and not for high quality living areas.In this research paper,parameters affecting urban identity are evaluated,and strategies and guidelines to promote these parameters are finally presented.

Strategies for the Revitalization of Urban Centers: The Case Studies of Almada, Setúbal, and Batumi

Over time,urban centers begin to show signs of vulnerability and to lose their identity.These centers,often referred to as“devitalized”or“lost”urban centers,require urgent urban revitalization programs.Until today,most urban intervention actions were based on physical principles,which caused the disappearance of important dynamics of vitality and give rise to the concepts of urban renewal,rehabilitation,and requalification.These concepts create a utopian idea about the city.This article intends to define strategic guidelines that will transform a devitalized area to an area more attractive to socio-economic investment.These guidelines must meet the“right to the city”by promoting the urban center as a space of belonging,with values of citizenship,ethics,and aesthetics and that does not only focus on the functional level,but essentially social.It is against this background that some successful cases of urban revitalization actions in the medium port cities of Almada and Setúbal in Portugal and Batumi in Georgia are presented.Presenting these cases is essential for understanding the situations,methods,and strategic actions to be applied in urban revitalization.This paper gathered that obtaining creative and innovative ideas would contribute to the promotion of urban revitalization.

Understanding the Spatial Requirements that Facilitate Personal Leisure Activities of the High-Needs Elderly

The growth of the ageing population and the desires for ageing-in-place have resulted in an ever-increasing need for housing that can support the independent living of the elderly with care needs.As impairments and care needs increase,spatial use typically changes.However,there is limited information on how to accommodate leisure activities and spatial use in private dwellings to inform housing design.Through an ethnographic investigation of 30 high-needs elderly people living independently,patterns of spatial use for personal leisure activities were established.Seven key themes for residents’perceptions were revealed,which include;comfort in posture,access to sunshine and warmth,facilitating activities to occupy residents,views to outside,control for doing everything from one space,and keeping active.In the design of housing for the high-needs elderly,greater attention should be given to the micro-environment of the main sitting space,to improve occupant control while enhancing comfort and warmth.This paper provides key considerations for housing design,which will help elderly people continue their fulfilled life in their own home as long as possible.

The Use of Self-cleaning Materials and Study Their Impact on the Quality of the Visual Appearance of Large Industrial Cities

One of the capabilities of the architecture is to respond to growing and,in some cases,varied needs of users.However,architecture and construction industry,in comparison with other sciences,have been very slow and inadequate to implement this technology despite very suitable ground for improvement.At the moment,one of the most essential discussions in this field is how to achieve qualitative understanding of construction materials.Accordingly,one of the key sections of a construction which plays a significant role in optimizing performance is shell of the building.In this article,in addition to the utilization technique of selfcleaning materials in construction industry which will result in embellishment of urban design,an attempt has also been made to present a suitable model on how to utilize these materials in order to improve the visual appearance quality of megalopolises.The technology of self-cleaning surfaces in order to increase durability and reduce costs and required time for equipment maintenance has currently become the focal point in construction industry.Now providing one answer to the question of whether will selfcleaning,purifying facades change the future of urban architecture?The main panorama of this research is to find and establish a dynamic and sustainable balance in embellishment of urban design.The necessity of research in this field as well as finding the best and most practical solution seem.To achieve all this,an analytical and descriptive research has been utilized,data has been collected by various books and national and international websites.

Key Social Determinants to Narrow the Gap between Health-adjusted Life Expectancy and Life Expectancy in Megacities

Objective Improvement in the quality of life is reflected in the narrowing of the gap between healthadjusted life expectancy(HALE)and life expectancy(LE).The effect of megacity expansion on narrowing the gap is rarely reported.This study aimed to disclose this potential relationship.Methods Annual life tables were constructed from identified death records and population counts from multiple administrative sources in Guangzhou,China,from 2010 to 2020.Joinpoint regression was used to evaluate the temporal trend.Generalized principal component analysis and multilevel models were applied to examine the county-level association between the gap and social determinants.Results Although LE and HALE in megacities are increasing steadily,their gap is widening.Socioeconomic and health services are guaranteed to narrow this gap.Increasing personal wealth,a growing number of newborns and healthy immigrants,high urbanization,and healthy aging have helped in narrowing this gap.Conclusion In megacities,parallel LE and HALE growth should be highly considered to narrow their gap.Multiple social determinants need to be integrated as a whole to formulate public health plans.

Optimizing the spatial organization of rural settlements based on life quality

Optimizing rural settlements is an important measure to cope with rural decline, and improve the quality of rural life and attractions. This study introduces the "life quality theory". Based on the mechanisms governing the interactions between rural settlement space and life quality, this study examines how to optimize the spatial organization of rural settlements. Three aspects are evaluated – the integration of rural settlement spatial functions, optimization of spatial structure, and regulation of spatial scale – with the objective of building an optimization mode and framework for the spatial organization of rural settlements with high life quality. Our results suggest the following:(1) The settlement is the spatial carrier of life quality, which is an essential settlement component, and these two aspects influence and improve each other. Therefore, reasonable rural settlement space is an important precondition for higher life quality.(2) The spatial function types of rural settlements can be divided into those that maintain livelihoods, develop industry, and upgrade life quality. Optimizing spatial organization of rural settlements based on life quality requires promoting the maintenance of livelihood, integration of industrial development, and implantation in quality improvement.(3) There are two important components of optimizing the spatial organization of rural settlements. One is promoting the organic concentration of living, agricultural, and industrial spaces, the reasonable distribution of social intercourse, recreational, and services spaces, and the organic balance of living, production, and ecological spaces, so as to reasonably optimize the combination of internal spatial types in settlements. The other is forming a functional structure level of a "comprehensive village–featured village" and building spatial organization settlement modes connected by rural roads by relocating and adjusting the function of villages. These changes would require the destruction of underdeveloped villages, retaining normal villages, enlarging important villages, and constructing new villages.(4) As an ideal mode for optimizing rural settlements space based on life quality, the Rural Road-Oriented Development Model(RROD model) should be built at a rational scale for unit settlement and distance between settlements, leading to a fully functional RROD system with rational structure, auxiliary facility, and well-organized distribution.

黄河流域高质量发展空间关联网络演化及机制研究——基于七大城市群的分析

研究黄河流域城市群高质量发展空间关联网络对于深化该区域功能分工和凝聚增长动力具有重要意义。以黄河流域七大城市群为研究区,基于“双循环”新发展格局构建城市高质量发展测度体系,并利用修正后的引力模型构建2010—2019年高质量发展空间关联网络,进而运用社会网络分析法和QAP分析法研究其结构演化特征及驱动机制。结果表明:(1)研究期内黄河流域七大城市群高质量发展空间关联网络的复杂性和通达性整体增强,紧密性增幅微弱,等级性均不明显;(2)空间关联网络中节点城市所发挥的作用具有差异,伴随时间推移,吕梁、定西、临汾、郑州等城市的网络引领能力和传递能力强势崛起,咸阳、宝鸡、西安、阳泉等城市的网络调节能力逐渐加强;(3)空间关联网络中4类板块所扮演的角色不同,板块边界与城市群边界具有较高重叠性,以呼包鄂榆城市群、中原城市群为主的“净溢出”板块涓滴作用显著,以晋中城市群为主的“净受益”板块极化作用突出;(4)经济发展、政府干预、城镇化水平的地区差异可增强高质量发展的空间关联效应,地理邻近、相似的产业结构和信息化水平也具有同等功能。

疫情前后武汉市职住人口分布对比分析及片区韧性模式探索

2019年底爆发的新冠疫情对全球的城市人口结构和空间格局产生了深远影响。武汉市作为疫情重灾区,研究其疫情前后的人口与空间变迁对识别城市韧性具有重要意义。基于手机信令数据,对疫情前后武汉市居住与就业人口的分布进行了分析,采用核密度估计法和差值叠加技术,评估城市各区域的韧性表现。研究结果不仅揭示了武汉市不同区域在疫情冲击下的职住结构变化,也为未来城市规划中的韧性提升与空间结构优化提供了数据支撑与理论依据。

Sustainable living neighbourhoods:Measuring public space quality and walking environment in Lisbon

Obesity and global warming are two major challengesthat affect communities’health and quality of life.Providing good walking environments,with appropriate pedestrian infrastructure,green areas and access to commercial retail and transport hubs favour liveable,healthy,and sustainable cities.The Lisbon City Hall has implemented an intervention program in the public space as a strategy to improve environmental quality and mitigate the effects of climate change.The program“A square in each neighbourhood”intends not only to reinforce the economic base of Lisbon,namely tourism,restaurants,commerce,and creative activities but also to promote physical activity and improve the quality of living of all citizens.For studying the impact of the public space quality on the walking environment,Campolide,a typical Lisbon neighbourhood,Portugal,which includes one of the requalified squares,was selected.A two-step methodology based on spatial modelling is proposed.In the first step,the public space quality was evaluated based on a set of 13 urban quality attributes.Attributes,intended for the street level,were collected from open data platforms and complemented with a field survey.Then,through spatial analysis,these attributes were used to build the Pedestrian Environment Quality Indicator and the Priority Intervention Indicator.Using these indicators,walking-friendly streets were mapped and the most critical sites that require priority intervention were identified to prepare for the requalification planning process.The street with the highest quality in the study area according to the dimensions evaluated-connectivity,convenience,comfort,cleanliness,and conviviality-has a great offer of trees,bus stops,commercial establishments,commercial diversity,crossings,paper bins/eco points and esplanades.On the opposite side of the rank,the street with the lowest quality has no trees or green areas,transport stops,benches and tables,or commercial activity.The urban quality indicators constitute a helpful tool for city planners and policymakers when planning sustainable living neighbourhoods.

Predicting menopausal health in a diverse population group through a theoretical linear model——Theoretical model to predict menopausal health

With the increase in longevity and demographic shift, menopause is emerging as one of the major health issues affecting middle aged women in developing countries. In this study our aim was to define & develop useful predictive indicators to assess menopausal health status in women with diverse socio-economic & cultural backgrounds. The model was developed using the data drawn from known published works as well as our own epidemiological & clinical case records. A linear equation was derived and expected results were obtained and analysed. The outcome was measured in terms of menopausal health & wellbeing index. Wide cultural diversity, unequal socio-economic status and gender inequality are some of the sensitive multi factorial determinants that influence the menopausal health. Education and availability of optimal quality health care facilities positively influenced level of awareness and improved the health seeking behavior & health literacy. The menopausal health & wellbeing index can be used as a predictive tool to develop interventional management modalities to improve quality of life.

Public Initiatives Aiming at the Cycling System in a City in Southern Brazil

The discussion about the use of the bicycle as a means of transport has been gaining importance on a global scale,although countries like Brazil still have urban mobility difficulties caused by how urban densification occurs,the growing number of motor vehicles and the lack of space for the construction of cycle paths in cities.The general objective of this manuscript is to analyze the result of public policies aimed at the implementation of bicycle paths,with the“Passo Fundo Vai de Bici”Program created to investigate the variations in intensity in relation to the areas served by the current incentive for active cycling mobility in the city of Passo Fundo(South of Brazil).Methodologically,Google Earth Pro satellite images were used to map the existing bike paths in the city.Subsequently,geographic coordinate points and altitudes of specific locations on the bike paths and bike sharing stations were collected,generating a database,transferred to the Qgis 3.10 software for the preparation of heat maps.The results showed the lack of integration between the cycling systems analyzed by the distance factor,needing to encourage discussions about its expansion and functionality,consolidating it as an urban public policy of local functionality to foster sustainable transport.

中国农民生活富裕的时空分异、宏观影响因素及作用机制

生活富裕涉及农民最关心、最直接、最现实的利益问题,是实施乡村振兴战略的根本落脚点和实现共同富裕的必然要求。在构建兼顾物质与精神、绝对与相对、静态与动态、货币与非货币形式等不同层面的农民生活富裕评价指标体系的基础上,利用2015—2021年中国省级面板数据,通过熵值法、核密度估计、固定效应模型等方法实证分析中国农民生活富裕水平的时空分异特征、宏观影响因素及调节作用机制。结果表明:中国农民生活富裕水平整体大幅提升,但存在明显的区域差异、维度差异和省际差异。发展省域经济、推动城镇化建设、因地制宜扩大农作物播种面积、引导产业结构高度化与合理化均能提高农民生活富裕水平,但经济发展、城镇化率、产业结构高度化对农民生活富裕水平的影响存在“替代效应”,且金融集聚水平的提升会削弱省域经济发展对农民生活富裕的促进作用。

日常的温暖:“为人”的公共空间

后疫情时代背景下,我国城市建设中尤其需要重视“以人为本”的规划设计,实现环境品质的精细化提升。文章针对快速建设中城市公共空间的规划设计重宏大叙事、轻日常使用的现象,通过问题和症结解析,强调公共空间营造需顺应时代发展下的新需求新动向,突出“为人”的初心,成就“日常温暖”的公共场所,并提出了“径、空、用、场”四项关键原则,即“步行力可及、空间好体验、日常多功用、场所有归属”。