Scientific Advances and Weather Services of the China Meteorological Administration’s National Forecasting Systems during the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics

Since the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics was the first Winter Olympics in history held in continental winter monsoon climate conditions across complex terrain areas,there is a deficiency of relevant research,operational techniques,and experience.This made providing meteorological services for this event particularly challenging.The China Meteorological Administration(CMA)Earth System Modeling and Prediction Centre,achieved breakthroughs in research on short-and medium-term deterministic and ensemble numerical predictions.Several key technologies crucial for precise winter weather services during the Winter Olympics were developed.A comprehensive framework,known as the Operational System for High-Precision Weather Forecasting for the Winter Olympics,was established.Some of these advancements represent the highest level of capabilities currently available in China.The meteorological service provided to the Beijing 2022 Games also exceeded previous Winter Olympic Games in both variety and quality.This included achievements such as the“100-meter level,minute level”downscaled spatiotemporal resolution and forecasts spanning 1 to 15 days.Around 30 new technologies and over 60 kinds of products that align with the requirements of the Winter Olympics Organizing Committee were developed,and many of these techniques have since been integrated into the CMA’s operational national forecasting systems.These accomplishments were facilitated by a dedicated weather forecasting and research initiative,in conjunction with the preexisting real-time operational forecasting systems of the CMA.This program represents one of the five subprograms of the WMO’s high-impact weather forecasting demonstration project(SMART2022),and continues to play an important role in their Regional Association(RA)II Research Development Project(Hangzhou RDP).Therefore,the research accomplishments and meteorological service experiences from this program will be carried forward into forthcoming highimpact weather forecasting activities.This article provides an overview and assessment of this program and the operational national forecasting systems.

Inheritance and Innovation:Development of Beijing Shadow Play from the Perspective of Beijing Winter Olympics

This paper is aimed to figure out the dilemma of sustainable development of Beijing shadow play.Through a brand-new perspective of the Winter Olympic Games,this paper not only demonstrates the opportunities and challenges faced by Beijing shadow play in the current era,but also expounds the inheritance and innovation of it to show the value of change and sustainable development.It could be found that these methods are capable of breaking the limitations of time and space,so that this extraordinary art form can go worldwide and be found and loved by more people.It is concluded that more efforts should be put into the field of Beijing shadow play and that Beijing shadow play can be revived by virtue of inheritance and innovation.

Study on the Impact of Bid for Winter Olympics on the Development of Chinese Winter Sports

The 128th plenary session of International Olympic Committee declared on July 31, 2015 after vote that Beijing and Zhan^iakou will be the bidding cities of 2022 Winter Olympics. It was the second time for China to successfully bid Olympic Games since 2008 Summer Olympics, which will encourage China to continue to develop sports career in the process of sports power construction and will have long-term construction meanings. Chinese winter sports industry and sports culture will enter into the fast booming development period in the future 7 years. The paper begins with Beijing and Zhangjiakou Winter Olympics bid and the future Chinese winter sports industry construction to illustrate the impact of bid for Winter Olympics on the future winter sports career development.

Quality Improvement of Slow Traffic Space in Shijingshan District under the Background of Winter Olympics: A Case Study of Lugu Street of Shijingshan District

In the context of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics, the quality improvement of slow traffic space in Shijingshan District faces many challenges. Through the exploration of “slow traffic space” and its design concept and strategy theory, the problem of slow traffic space is sorted out from the aspects of policy background, spatial form and cultural construction, with Lugu Street as an example. Based on the unique cultural resources in the district, the optimization strategies are proposed from the aspects of spatial form improvement, unsupervised technology utilization, enhancement of residents’ willingness to slowly traffic and Winter Olympics culture shaping. In addition, a slow traffic space improvement scheme with easy implementation, convenient access and rich connotation is formed, in order to provide new methods and ideas for improving the quality of slow traffic space.

Beijing: Forging Ahead in the Post-Winter Olympics Era

With the successful hosting of the 2022 Winter Olympics,Beijing has become the world's first"Dual Olympic City",with the global attention more focused on Beiing and its post-Winter Olympics era.Attaching Great Importance to the Post-Olympic Games Uiization of Olympic Venues.

Comparison and Analysis of Data at Traffic Meteorological Observation Station during Beijing Winter Olympic Games Period

This paper presents a comparison and analysis method of data at traffic meteorological observation station during Beijing Winter Olympic Games period based on Grubbs criterion. By comparing the data of a set of standard multi-element observation stations with the data of multiple measured traffic stations, the outliers of each element data at each station were analyzed. It could provide data support for the maintenance of Zhangjiakou traffic meteorological observation station and a guarantee for the accuracy of forest service during Beijing Winter Olympic Games period.

Machine Learning-Based Temperature and Wind Forecasts in the Zhangjiakou Competition Zone during the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games

Weather forecasting for the Zhangjiakou competition zone of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games is a challenging task due to its complex terrain.Numerical weather prediction models generally perform poorly for cold air pools and winds over complex terrains,due to their low spatiotemporal resolution and limitations in the description of dynamics,thermodynamics,and microphysics in mountainous areas.This study proposes an ensemble-learning model,named ENSL,for surface temperature and wind forecasts at the venues of the Zhangjiakou competition zone,by integrating five individual models—linear regression,random forest,gradient boosting decision tree,support vector machine,and artificial neural network(ANN),with a ridge regression as meta model.The ENSL employs predictors from the high-resolution ECMWF model forecast(ECMWF-HRES) data and topography data,and targets from automatic weather station observations.Four categories of predictors(synoptic-pattern related fields,surface element fields,terrain,and temporal features) are fed into ENSL.The results demonstrate that ENSL achieves better performance and generalization than individual models.The root-mean-square error(RMSE) for the temperature and wind speed predictions is reduced by 48.2% and 28.5%,respectively,relative to ECMWF-HRES.For the gust speed,the performance of ENSL is consistent with ANN(best individual model) in the whole dataset,whereas ENSL outperforms on extreme gust samples(42.7% compared with 38.7% obtained by ECMWF-HRES in terms of RMSE reduction).Sensitivity analysis of predictors in the four categories shows that ENSL fits their feature importance rankings and physical explanations effectively.

Knowledge Graph-Driven Weather Overview Generation for the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games

Weather Overview is regarded as one of the crucial meteorological services supporting the Beijing 2022 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games(hereafter as Beijing 2022).As generation of Weather Overview involves multipledata,large-scale weather conditions,and vulnerability to weather changes,there still exist quite some challenges in obtaining Weather Overview.At present,knowledge graph(KG)is believed to be an effective way to describe information and knowledge.Thus,this study focuses on development of a framework to automatically generate Weather Overview using KG.We first present a three-layer KG model to generate accurate content of Weather Overview:(1)knowledge acquisition of entities and relationships to construct the specific corpora;(2)knowledge representation of the relationships between weather conditions and the events based on ontology;and(3)knowledge application of corpora,variables,and weather conditions to query and reason knowledge with Neo4j.Moreover,an XML Schema is used to achieve the standardized Weather Overview,which is formed by sentence-paragraph-text generation.This model is validated for a typical case at the Yanqing National Alpine Skiing Centre in Beijing 2022.Compared to the manual method,the accuracy and standardization of Weather Overview can be maintained above 90%,and it can be automatically generated within seconds.The method proposed in this study provides a helpful meteorological service solution to other large-scale sports events.

Probabilistic Wind Gust Forecasting during the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics

The probabilistic forecast of wind gusts poses a significant challenge during the post-processing of numerical model outputs.Comparative analysis of probabilistic forecasting methods plays a crucial role in enhancing forecast accuracy.Within the context of meteorological services for alpine skiing at the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics,The ECMWF ensemble products were used to evaluate six post-processing methods.These methods include ensemble model output statistics(EMOS),backpropagation neural networks(BP),particle swarm optimization algorithms with backpropagation neural networks(PSO),truncated normal distributions,truncated logarithmic distributions,and generalized extreme value(GEV) distributions.The performance of these methods in predicting gust probabilities at five observation points along a ski track was compared.All six methods exhibited a substantial reduction in forecast errors compared to the original ECMWF products;however,the ability to correct the model forecast results varied significantly across different wind speed ranges.Specifically,the EMOS,truncated normal distribution,truncated logarithmic distribution,and GEV distribution demonstrated advantages in low wind-speed ranges,whereas the BP and PSO methods exhibit lower forecast errors for high wind-speed events.Furthermore,this study affirms the rationality of utilizing the statistical characteristics derived from ensemble forecasts as probabilistic forecast factors.The application of probability integral transform(PIT) and quantile–quantile(QQ) plots demonstrates that gust variations at the majority of observation sites conform to the GEV distribution,thereby indicating the potential for further enhanced forecast accuracy.The results also underscore the significant utility of the PSO hybrid model,which amalgamates particle swarm optimization with a BP neural network,in the probabilistic forecasting of strong winds within the field of meteorology.

后冬奥时代我国冰雪产业高质量发展的动力变革与实现路径

运用文献资料法和逻辑分析法对后冬奥时代我国冰雪产业高质量发展的基础能力、发展机遇、动力变革进行了研究。研究发现:冰雪产业自身变革发展模式、拓展地理空间、服务乡村振兴、区域协同等自身优势为高质量发展奠定了基础;北京冬奥会为我国冰雪产业的高质量发展提供了发展机遇,加快构建了冰雪产业高质量发展的新格局,促进了产品体系完善和多链融合;产业变革的动力来自供需平衡、市场主体支撑、要素驱动转化、制度环境、科技创新。因此笔者提出要加强顶层设计,构建中国特色现代化的高质量冰雪产业发展体系;提高效率,规范职能,建设协同高效的一流营商环境;加强健康引领,丰富供给类型,建设服务人民的冰雪体育公共服务体系;夯实开放理念,增强科技助力,建设创新融合低碳发展的冰雪产业市场机制;建立支撑冰雪产业高质量发展的人才培养体系;以更高水平的对外开放,深度融入全球冰雪产业格局等路径促进后冬奥会时代我国冰雪产业的高质量发展。

大型体育赛事语言景观的呈现特征、建构经验与提升策略——以北京2022年冬奥会为例

基于语言景观理论,通过录像观察对北京冬奥会语言景观的呈现特征进行考察并总结建构经验,进一步提出未来打造具有中国特色的赛事语言景观的提升策略。研究认为:首先,官方景观主导、载体类型多样、模态组合多元、语码布局规范是北京冬奥会语言景观的呈现特征。其次,自信规范的语言使用、特色文化的深度结合、丰富多样的呈现形式是北京冬奥会语言景观的建构经验。最后,未来应建立健全各类赛事语言景观的标准规范,促进文化交流的理解与认同;充分挖掘办赛所在地的优秀文化,打造具有本土特色的语言景观;应用现代高科技手段,拓宽语言景观呈现的渠道与形式。

联合国可持续发展理念下北京冬奥遗产可持续发展研究

运用文献资料法与逻辑分析法,探讨联合国可持续发展理念及其在北京冬奥遗产可持续发展中的理论意义,并在此基础上探索北京冬奥遗产可持续发展内涵和赛后发展原则。研究认为:联合国可持续发展理念为北京冬奥遗产的可持续发展提供有益借鉴,对北京冬奥遗产明晰自身经济、社会与环境三者系统的发展本质、平衡的发展向度、统一的发展愿景和关联的发展效应具有一定的参考意义。基于此,研究将北京冬奥遗产可持续发展内涵总结为“冬奥遗产与生态环境共容”“冬奥遗产与社会发展共融”以及“冬奥遗产与经济发展共荣”,同时提出以人为本、协调共治、共建、共享和循序渐进4项赛后可持续发展原则,以期为北京冬奥遗产的赛后传承与可持续发展提供理论参考。

北京冬奥遗产可持续发展理念生成的时代背景、思想逻辑与现实价值

作为《奥林匹克2020议程》颁布后首届从筹办之初就将可持续发展理念全面贯彻至遗产规划与管理的奥运会,北京冬奥会在奥运遗产可持续发展方面取得了丰厚的成果,为世界做出了新的典范,贡献了中国智慧。本研究运用文献资料法与逻辑分析法对北京冬奥遗产可持续发展理念生成的时代背景、思想逻辑和现实价值进行探究,以期取得对北京冬奥遗产可持续发展理念的进一步认知。研究表明:北京冬奥遗产可持续发展理念在可持续发展全球化、我国“两个一百年”重要历史节点以及奥运会可持续性深化改革的时代背景下生成,思想引领、目标体系、实践方针、长效原理和科学应变构成了北京冬奥遗产可持续发展理念生成的思想逻辑,并在个人、国家和全球三重视野下展现了其独特的现实价值,为奥运遗产的可持续发展贡献了中国智慧。

北京冬奥遗产可持续发展创新探究

北京2022年冬奥会是《奥林匹克2020议程》发布后第一届从筹办到举办全过程践行可持续发展理念的奥运会,在诸多领域彰显了具有中国特色的奥运遗产可持续创新方案,为世界贡献了具有创新意义的奥运遗产可持续发展经验。采用文献资料法与逻辑分析法从北京冬奥遗产可持续发展的战略理念、遗产规划、治理机制和实践措施四个视域出发,探究并分析北京冬奥遗产在上述四个层面所展现的创新举措与成果,以期丰富奥运遗产的研究体系。研究表明:全局意识、理论融合、协调发展推动了遗产战略理念的创新;系统整合、动力变革、空间规划促进了遗产发展规划的创新;统筹规划、借以外力、法治保障助力了遗产治理机制的创新;价值呈现、科技赋能、共享办奥促成了遗产实践措施的创新,为未来冬奥遗产的可持续治理工作提供了新的创新思路。

北京冬奥会雪车雪橇项目医疗急救的保障

目的:对国家雪车雪橇中心的雪车、雪橇、钢架雪车赛道医疗保障情况进行分析及总结,为今后赛事举办及群众冰雪运动的医疗保障工作提供经验。方法:回顾性分析参加2021年10—11月雪车、雪橇、钢架雪车国际训练周和世界杯(以下简称“国际训练周”),及2022年2月北京冬奥会雪车、雪橇、钢架雪车项目(以下简称“北京冬奥会”)的运动员受伤、救治情况,参考和借鉴《冬季雪上运动项目医疗保障标准》制定具体的分类标准分析受伤部位、受伤类型、事故发生点位等。结果:参加国际训练周和北京冬奥会总计743名运动员,比赛期间共发生翻车、翻撬、碰撞事故58次,其中有28次(运动员28例)出现了运动员受伤,占事故总数的48.3%,占运动员总数3.8%,其中男性9例(32.1%),女性19例(67.9%),平均年龄(26.3±4.7)岁。28例受伤运动员中20例(71.4%)为Ⅰ类伤,在现场得到了救治处理,8例(28.6%)伤情较重的,其中Ⅱ类伤(7例)、Ⅲ类伤(1例)转诊至定点医院进行进一步处理。28例受伤运动员中有3例(10.7%)出现了多发损伤,其中2例为2部位受伤,1例为3部位受伤,最常见的受伤部位为脚踝及脚趾(10/32,31.3%)。28例受伤运动员中有1例(3.6%)同时出现了2种受伤类型,最常见的受伤类型为关节和(或)韧带损伤(11/29,37.9%)。赛道最容易发生事故的点位为第9弯道(18/58,31.0%)。结论:通过对医疗保障工作的分析和总结,能够更好地为今后我国开展雪车、雪橇、钢架雪车运动提供经验和参考,使国家雪车雪橇中心真正成为可持续发展的奥运资产。

北京2022年冬奥会和冬残奥会遗产特征研究

北京2022年冬奥会和冬残奥会留下了宝贵而丰富的遗产。基于对北京2022年冬奥会和冬残奥会遗产规划、创造、维系过程的回顾,归纳出北京2022年冬奥会和冬残奥会遗产的首创性、杰出性、多样性、可持续性、区域性、挑战性、传承性等7大特征。分析北京2022年冬奥会和冬残奥会遗产特征,既对北京2022年冬奥会和冬残奥会遗产重大议题形成更清晰的认识,丰富北京2022年冬奥会和冬残奥会相关理论,同时也为奥林匹克遗产可持续发展提供一定理论借鉴。

后北京冬奥会时代高校冰雪运动专业《运动解剖学》课程改革与实践路径创新研究

探讨后北京冬奥会时代高校冰雪运动专业《运动解剖学》课程的改革与实践措施,促进学生的专业素质培养。研究方法:通过教学实践与访谈,对冰雪运动专业学生的学习状况和存在问题进行了分析,并借鉴国内外高水平高校的课程改革经验。研究结果:提出了高校冰雪运动专业《运动解剖学》课程改革的3个方面:(1)更新课程内容,强化应用导向;(2)优化教学方法,采用案例教学和翻转课堂模式;(3)创新实践模式,采用平时开展培训营等多元评估。研究结论:高校冰雪运动专业《运动解剖学》课程的改革与实践,有助于激发学生学习积极性,提高课程的实际应用性,从而提高学生的专业能力和素质。

基于用电数据的潍坊市工业污染源冬奥会管控效果评估

利用潍坊市安装用电监控的工业企业在冬奥会前和会中的生产用电数据及部分企业大气污染物排放在线监测数据,分析企业生产用电量和排放量的变化特征及潜在的相关性,评估管控措施落实状况及减排效果。结果表明:管控期间,潍坊市工业企业用电量相比管控前平均下降57.96%;完全停产类企业用电量下降75%以上,大气污染物(SO_(2)、NO_(x)、烟粉尘)排放量下降100%;限产类企业用电量降幅呈现随管控措施加严而增大的趋势;延迟复产类企业延迟复产率为47.83%~96.00%,用电量下降50.76%。根据管控期间各行业企业的用电量变化状况,判定各企业基本落实了减排要求。可见,企业用电数据在一定情况下,可以替代或辅助工业企业排放数据,反映企业管控措施落实状况及减排效果。

北京“双奥会”中的中国文化符号表达及外宣译写策略研究

2022年北京冬奥会和冬残奥会上中国文化符号随处可见,主要有艺术形态、自然资源、生活方式、人文资源等四大类。北京“双奥会”上中国文化符号的特色词译写以异化为主,归化为辅,异化中有归化,归化中有异化,体现了二者的有机统一。“双奥会”上中国文化符号的呈现及译写折射出自信开放的国家形象,也彰显出中国人真诚友善的可贵品质,为中国赢得了良好的国际声誉,提升了中国国际形象。

从内容为王到解说为王——对电视与新媒体直转播北京冬奥会的流量之争的思考

北京2022年冬奥会期间不仅有运动员在赛场上争分夺秒、你追我赶的角逐,而且竞技场外的“第二赛场”——媒体流量之争同样激烈。“内容为王”是媒体行业提升传播力的重要途径。越来越多的现象表明,赛事直转播内容中的体育解说的价值正在逐渐被放大。运用文献研究法、录像分析法、案例分析法、专家访谈法等方法,以央视体育频道和咪咕视频为例,分析两者在北京2022年冬奥会期间赛事解说的特点、优势与不足,探讨北京冬奥会赛事直转播的流量之争,并引发了相关思考。北京2022年冬奥会的体育解说屡屡出现在互联网热搜榜,在这场新媒体与传统媒体的对比中体现了咪咕视频赛事解说的创新与央视体育频道赛事解说的求稳。经过研究得出如下结论:在后冬奥时期,咪咕视频应持续供给优质内容;央视体育频道要适度创新;体育解说与人工智能深度融合可以实现差异化竞争;兼顾高度与温度,实现体育赛事的亲民化传播;加强“大屏幕”与“小屏幕”的联动,增强解说员的个性特色;解说立场应不偏不倚,并且要彰显包容姿态。