Spatiotemporal analysis of drought variability based on the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index in the Koshi River Basin, Nepal

Drought is an inevitable condition with negative impacts in the agricultural and climatic sectors,especially in developing countries.This study attempts to examine the spatial and temporal characteristics of drought and its trends in the Koshi River Basin(KRB)in Nepal,using the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index(SPEI)over the period from 1987 to 2017.The Mann-Kendall test was used to explore the trends of the SPEI values.The study illustrated the increasing annual and seasonal drought trends in the KRB over the study period.Spatially,the hill region of the KRB showed substantial increasing drought trends at the annual and seasonal scales,especially in summer and winter.The mountain region also showed a significant increasing drought trend in winter.The drought characteristic analysis indicated that the maximum duration,intensity,and severity of drought events were observed in the KRB after 2000.The Terai region presented the highest drought frequency and intensity,while the hill region presented the longest maximum drought duration.Moreover,the spatial extent of drought showed a significant increasing trend in the hill region at the monthly(drought station proportion of 7.6%/10 a in August),seasonal(drought station proportion of 7.2%/10 a in summer),and annual(drought station proportion of 6.7%/10 a)scales.The findings of this study can assist local governments,planners,and project implementers in understanding drought and developing appropriate mitigation strategies to cope with its impacts.

Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Droughts and Floods in Shandong Province,China and Their Relationship with Food Loss

Mastering the pattern of food loss caused by droughts and floods aids in planning the layout of agricultural production,determining the scale of drought and flood control projects,and reducing food loss.The Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index is calculated using monthly meteorological data from 1984 to 2020 in Shandong Province of China and is used to identify the province’s drought and flood characteristics.Then,food losses due to droughts and floods are estimated separately from disaster loss data.Finally,the relationship between drought/flood-related factors and food losses is quantified using methods such as the Pearson correlation coefficient and linear regression.The results show that:1)there is a trend of aridity in Shandong Province,and the drought characteristic variables are increasing yearly while flood duration and severity are decreasing.2)The food losses caused by droughts in Shandong Province are more than those caused by floods,and the area where droughts and floods occur frequently is located in Linyi City.3)The impact of precipitation on food loss due to drought/flood is significant,followed by potential evapotranspiration and temperature.4)The relationship between drought and flood conditions and food losses can be precisely quantified.The accumulated drought duration of one month led to 1.939×10^(4)t of grain loss,and an increase in cumulative flood duration of one month resulted in1.134×10^(4)t of grain loss.If the cumulative drought severity and average drought peak increased by one unit,food loss due to drought will increase by 1.562×10^(4)t and 1.511×10^(6)t,respectively.If the cumulative flood severity and average flood peak increase by one unit,food loss will increase by 8.470×103t and 1.034×10^(6)t,respectively.

基于多变量LSTM模型的黄河流域气象干旱预测研究

干旱是对人类社会发展影响最严重的自然灾害之一,气象干旱预测是干旱研究中的重要方向。为提高气象干旱的预测精度,将多变量方法应用到长短期记忆模型(Long short-term memory,LSTM)预测黄河流域标准化气象干旱指数(Standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index,SPEI)的过程中,并和单变量LSTM模型的结果进行对比。使用均方根误差、平均绝对误差、纳什效率指数作为评价指标。结果显示,在对黄河流域临夏站、陶乐站、铜川站各自5种时间尺度SPEI(1、3、6、9和12个月)的预测中,多变量LSTM预测结果的3种评价指标值均明显优于单变量LSTM预测结果;可视化结果也显示多变量LSTM方法的预测曲线更接近观测值曲线。研究证明了多变量LSTM模型对于提高黄河流域气象干旱指数预测精度的有效性与适用性。

Effects of temperature and precipitation on drought trends in Xinjiang, China

The characteristics of drought in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(Xinjiang),China have changed due to changes in the spatiotemporal patterns of temperature and precipitation,however,the effects of temperature and precipitation—the two most important factors influencing drought—have not yet been thoroughly explored in this region.In this study,we first calculated the standard precipitation evapotranspiration index(SPEI)in Xinjiang from 1980 to 2020 based on the monthly precipitation and monthly average temperature.Then the spatiotemporal characteristics of temperature,precipitation,and drought in Xinjiang from 1980 to 2020 were analyzed using the Theil-Sen median trend analysis method and Mann-Kendall test.A series of SPEI-based scenario-setting experiments by combining the observed and detrended climatic factors were utilized to quantify the effects of individual climatic factor(i.e.,temperature and precipitation).The results revealed that both temperature and precipitation had experienced increasing trends at most meteorological stations in Xinjiang from 1980 to 2020,especially the spring temperature and winter precipitation.Due to the influence of temperature,trends of intensifying drought have been observed at spring,summer,autumn,and annual scales.In addition,the drought trends in southern Xinjiang were more notable than those in northern Xinjiang.From 1980 to 2020,temperature trends exacerbated drought trends,but precipitation trends alleviated drought trends in Xinjiang.Most meteorological stations in Xinjiang exhibited temperature-dominated drought trend except in winter;in winter,most stations exhibited precipitation-dominated wetting trend.The findings of this study highlight the importance of the impact of temperature on drought in Xinjiang and deepen the understanding of the factors influencing drought.

基于EMD-GWO-LSTM模型的新疆标准化降水蒸散指数预测方法研究

干旱预测一直是干旱研究领域的重大挑战,提高干旱预测的准确性是解决干旱问题的关键。基于1961—2019年新疆34个气象站点月降水和月平均气温数据,计算得到标准化降水蒸散指数(Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index,SPEI),对新疆气象干湿变化进行分析,提出一种经验模态分解方法(empirical mode decomposition,EMD)-灰狼优化算法(grey wolf optimizer,GWO)-长短期神经网络(long short-term memory network,LSTM)的数据分解型干旱组合预测模型进行预测,并进行模型性能评价。结果表明:(1)干旱周期性变化整体呈现平稳且周期长的特点;(2)EMD能够有效优化数据的平稳性,GWO优化预测模型参数,组合模型的预测精度相较于单一预测模型有明显提高;(3)4个预测模型结果精度由高到低的排序为:EMD-GWO-LSTM、GWO-LSTM、GWO-支持向量回归(Support Vactor Regression,SVR)、LSTM,拟合优度分别为0.972、0.939、0.862、0.830,EMD-GWO-LSTM组合预测模型的预测精度优于其余3个预测模型。EMD-GWO-LSTM组合模型可有效提高气象干旱的预测精度,为新疆地区气象干旱预报及抗旱减灾工作提供了新的方法手段。

Performance of different drought indices for agriculture drought in the North China Plain

The Palmer drought severity index （PDSI）, standardized precipitation index （SPI）, and standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index （SPEI） are used worldwide for drought assessment and monitoring. However, substantial differences exist in the performance for agricultural drought among these indices and among regions. Here, we performed statistical assessments to compare the strengths of different drought indices for agricultural drought in the North China Plain. Small differences were detected in the comparative performances of SPI and SPEI that were smaller at the long-term scale than those at the short-term scale. The correlation between SPI/SPEI and PDSI considerably increased from 1- to 12-month lags, and a slight decreasing trend was exhibited during 12- and 24-month lags, indicating a 12-month scale in the PDSI, whereas the SPI was strongly correlated with the SPEI at 1- to 24-month lags. Interestingly, the correlation between the trend of temperature and the mean absolute error and its correlation coefficient both suggested stronger relationships between SPI and the SPEI in areas of rapid climate warming. In addition, the yield-drought correlations tended to be higher for the SPI and SPEI than that for the PDSI at the station scale, whereas small differences were detected between the SPI and SPEI in the performance on agricultural systems. However, large differences in the influence of drought conditions on the yields of winter wheat and summer maize were evident among various indices during the crop-growing season. Our findings suggested that multi-indices in drought monitoring are needed in order to acquire robust conclusions.

A Multi-scale Perspective on Drought Monitoring and Assessment for the Pearl River Basin

It is accepted that climate change has a great impact on water cycle and regional water balance,and thus it would change the formation and evolution conditions of drought in some degree. By using data at 42 meteorological stations of the Pearl River Basin,the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index（ SPEI） at different time scales was calculated. Based on the SPEIs of 1- 12 months,a newly proposed index for drought--Joint Drought Index（ JDI） was established under the multi-scale perspective through the copula function. Since short-term SPEIs are essential for the identification of emerging droughts and long-term SPEIs are useful for prolonged droughts,the JDI,which integrates all the usefull informations of drought and can thus form an overall judgement,is superior than the single SPEI in drought monitoring. By the forcast evaluation system and comparison to the actual drought,the accuracy and effectiveness of JDI in drought monitoring were verified. In general,JDI can be used as a new ideal index for future drought monitoring and assessment. Additionly,we analyzed the spatio-temperal characteristics of drought across the Pearl River Basin using the JDI. The results indicate that mild drought was the most frequent drought occurred in the Pearl River Basin over the past half century,and moderate drought followed. Severe drought and extreme drought would appear occasionally while exceptional drought could hardly be found. A dry-wet-dry interdecadal variation pattern had been found from the 1960 s to the 2000 s. Since the 21 stcentury,an obvious trend toward drought can be observed in the whole basin,especially in the Xijiang subbasin,which,consequently,poses an increasing challenge for the water resource planning and management.

Tree growth is more limited by drought in rear-edge forests most of the times

Background:Equatorward,rear-edge tree populations are natural monitors to estimate species vulnerability to climate change.According to biogeographical theory,exposition to drought events increases with increasing aridity towards the equator and the growth of southern tree populations will be more vulnerable to drought than in central populations.However,the ecological and biogeographical margins can mismatch due to the impact of ecological factors(topography,soils)or tree-species acclimation that can blur large-scale geographical imprints in trees responses to drought making northern populations more drought limited.Methods:We tested these ideas in six tree species,three angiosperms(Fagus sylvatica,Quercus robur,Quercus petraea)and three gymnosperms(Abies alba,Pinus sylvestris and Pinus uncinata)by comparing rear-edge tree populations subjected to different degrees of aridity.We used dendrochronology to compare the radial-growth patterns of these species in northern,intermediate,and southern tree populations at the continental rear edge.Results and conclusions:We found marked variations in growth variability between species with coherent patterns of stronger drought signals in the tree-ring series of the southern populations of F.sylvatica,P.sylvestris,and A.alba.This was also observed in species from cool-wet sites(P.uncinata and Q.robur),despite their limited responsiveness to drought.However,in the case of Q.petraea the intermediate population showed the strongest relationship to drought.For drought-sensitive species as F.sylvatica and P.sylvestris,southern populations presented more variable growth which was enhanced by cool-wet conditions from late spring to summer.We found a trend of enhanced vulnerability to drought in these two species.The response of tree growth to drought has a marked biogeographical component characterized by increased drought sensitivity in southern populations even within the species distribution rear edge.Nevertheless,the relationship between tree growth and drought varied between species suggesting that biogeographical and ecological limits do not always overlap as in the case of Q.petraea.In widespread species showing enhanced vulnerability to drought,as F.sylvatica and P.sylvestris,increased vulnerability to climate warming in their rear edges is forecasted.Therefore,we encourage the monitoring and conservation of such marginal tree populations.

Response of Vegetation Cover Change to Drought at Different Time-scales in the Beijing-Tianjin Sandstorm Source Region,China

Dominated by an arid and semiarid continental climate,the Beijing-Tianjin Sandstorm Source Region(BTSSR)is a typical ecologically fragile region with frequently occurring droughts.To provide information for regional vegetation protection and drought prevention,we assessed the relations between vegetation cover change(measured by the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index,NDVI)and the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index(SPEI)at different time-scales,in different growth stages,in different subregions and for different vegetation types based on the Pearson's correlation coefficient in the BTSSR from 2000 to 2017.Results showed that 88.19%of the vegetated areas experienced increased NDVI in the growing season;48.3%of the vegetated areas experi-enced significantly increased NDVI(P<0.05)and were mainly in the south of the BTSSR.During the growing season,a wetter climate contributed to the increased vegetation cover from 2000 to 2017,and NDVI anomalies were closely related to SPEI.The maximum correlation coefficient in the growing season(Rmax)was significantly positive(P<0.05)in 97.84%of the total vegetated areas.In the vegetated areas with significantly positive Rmax,pixels with short time-scales(1-3 mon)accounted for the largest proportion(33.9%).The sensitivity of vegetation to the impact of drought rose first and then decreased in the growing season,with a peak in July.Compared with two subregions in the south,subregions in the north of the BTSSR were more sensitive to the impacts of drought variations,especially in the Xilingol Plateau and Wuzhumuqin Basin.All four major vegetation types were sensitive to the effects of drought variations,especially grasslands.The time-scales of the most impacting droughts varied with growth stages,regions,and vegetation types.These results can help us understand the relations between vegetation and droughts,which are important for ecological restoration and drought prevention.

基于蒸散发干旱指数的子牙河流域干旱时空变化特征分析

为探究子牙河流域干旱时空分布特征,基于2001—2021年逐月降水和遥感蒸散栅格数据,采用标准化降水蒸散指数(SPEI)和标准化蒸散发亏缺指数(SEDI)表征流域干旱情况,运用Sen斜率估计和Mann-Kendall检验法分析了流域2001—2021年季尺度干旱时空分布及变化趋势,统计了干旱面积、干旱次数、干旱历时和干旱烈度等特征变量。结果表明:SPEI对子牙河流域旱情发生时间、程度和范围识别的准确率更高,2001—2021年流域SPEI呈上升趋势,表现出湿润化态势,冬季SPEI呈下降趋势,表现为干旱化态势,忻州、阳泉市等地存在显著干旱化的区域;流域各季节干旱面积占比呈现波动变化,部分年份出现大范围季节性干旱,夏旱和秋旱干旱面积占比最高,超过90%;忻州和阳泉市部分区域、石家庄市西部区域和衡水市北部区域呈现干旱次数少、历时长、烈度大的特点,邯郸和邢台市部分区域、衡水市南部区域、石家庄市东部区域表现为干旱次数多、历时短、烈度小的特征。

鄱阳湖流域气象干旱的区域性特征及干旱过程演变

基于1960—2020年鄱阳湖流域及周边29个国家气象站的连续观测资料,通过计算标准化降水蒸发指数(SPEI)并结合游程理论,研究分析了气象干旱的区域性特征及干旱过程演变。结果表明:①鄱阳湖流域月尺度气象干旱的发生频率为31.7%~34.8%,不同等级干旱发生频率的空间格局差异明显;②春、秋季节流域尺度SPEI呈现微弱下降趋势,干旱影响范围呈不显著的增加趋势,夏、冬季节情况与此相反;③就干旱区域性特征而言,鄱阳湖流域季节性气象干旱以全流域性干旱和局域性干旱为主(发生频率分别为29.5%和23.4%),区域性干旱和部分区域性干旱的发生频率(分别为10.7%和5.7%)相对较低;④游程理论揭示在过去的61 a间共发生50次流域尺度气象干旱事件,干旱事件的发生频次随干旱历时的增加显著减少,其中干旱历时最长的可达49个月;⑤流域尺度气象干旱事件的历时、峰值烈度以及总烈度的演变呈现较强的年代际波动特征;⑥干旱历时与总烈度之间存在显著的线性关系,与峰值烈度之间存在显著的幂函数关系,与平均烈度之间的相关关系不明显。这些研究结果明晰了鄱阳湖流域气象干旱的区域性特征与干旱过程演变,为合理开展流域气象干旱影响评估和制定防范策略提供科学依据。

中国中高纬地区植被物候对干旱的响应特征研究

植被物候直接影响其生物量,调控生态系统碳循环过程。目前,气候变化(尤其干旱)对中国中高纬度植被物候的影响依然不清楚。因此,文章基于GIMMS NDVI3g数据集,提取中国30°N以北地区中多种植被类型生长季的开始日期(Start of the Season,SOS)与结束日期(End of the Season,EOS)两物候参数。然后结合野外观测数据,验证提取物候参数结果可靠性,并结合饱和水汽压差(Vapor Pressure Deficit,VPD)与改进后的标准化降水蒸散指数(Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index,SPEI)探究植被物候对干旱的响应特征规律。结果表明:(1)不同地区的植被物候变化呈现明显的差异性,单季植被与双季植被第1个生长季的SOS集中在每年的第30~180天,而双季植被第2个生长季的SOS集中在每年的第200~220天。单季植被与双季植被第1个生长季的EOS主要集中在每年的第180~300天,双季植被第2个生长季的EOS主要集中在每年的第260~300天。(2)森林季前VPD的上升导致植被的SOS提前及EOS延迟;草地季前VPD上升导致植被的SOS滞后以及EOS提前。(3)研究区内大部分地区的SPEI与植被的SOS、EOS均呈正相关,即干旱促使该地区植被的SOS、EOS提前。

长江流域旱涝急转演变特征及其社会经济暴露度

旱涝急转是指干旱和洪水之间的快速转变,对农业生产和人类安全造成巨大威胁。本研究基于月尺度的旱涝急转量级指数,分析了长江流域历史和未来四种旱涝急转事件,并通过滑窗法构建了旱涝急转量级的时变函数,揭示了未来旱涝急转风险变化。同时,结合共享社会经济路径量化了人口和经济受旱涝急转风险变化影响的程度。结果显示,历史时期长江流域中下游旱涝急转事件频发,旱–涝和涝–旱事件每10年发生10~12次,而旱–涝–旱和涝–旱–涝事件每10年发生3~4次。未来旱–涝–旱和涝–旱–涝事件预计大幅增加,其中长江上游部分地区增长了约7倍。对于历史基准期50年一遇的旱涝急转事件,未来发生概率将增加5~10倍,给长江流域的人口和经济带来重大影响。

基于SPEI指数的淮北地区气象干旱时空特征研究

【目的】研究淮北地区1961—2022年气象干旱时空特征。【方法】采用淮北地区21个站点1961—2022年实测气象资料,计算月、季、年尺度各站点及区域平均标准化降水蒸散指数(SPEI),分析该区干旱发生频次、干旱趋势及干旱发生强度时空变化特征。【结果】(1)1961—2022年淮北地区月、季、年尺度SPEI呈下降趋势。(2)月尺度干旱场次及干旱平均持续时间呈逐年上升趋势,淮北站年均干旱场次最多(0.73次/年),泗县站干旱平均持续时间最长(4.61月/次),淮北站月尺度干旱风险最高。(3)春季、秋季呈不显著干旱化趋势,夏季、冬季呈不显著湿润化趋势;冬季干旱频率和干旱发生强度最高,分别为34.43%、21.86%;夏季局域性及其以上干旱频率最高;冬季全域性及其以上干旱频率最高;中东部及西南部春季干旱频率较高,东南部夏季干旱频率较低,东部和北部秋季干旱频率较高,西部和东北部、东南部边缘地区冬季干旱频率较高。(4)年尺度淮北地区呈不显著干旱化趋势(-0.01/10 a),干旱站次比逐年增加(1.4%/10 a);北部干旱化倾向较高,西部及东南部干旱发生强度较高,东北部及西南部干旱频率较高。【结论】淮北地区整体呈干旱化趋势,区域间干旱频率、干旱发生强度差异明显。

中国1961-2010年气象干旱的时空规律——基于SPEI和Intensity analysis方法的研究

利用中国752个气象站降水、气温资料,选择标准化降水蒸散发指数SPEI为干旱指标,采用Intensity analysis方法,从时间间隔、干旱等级变化和转换三个层面分析了1961-2010年中国气象干旱变化规律。结果表明:1961-2010年中国气象干旱的变化速率趋于上升,总变化面积由60%上升至80%以上,1980-1990年代、1990年代至21世纪初两个时间段的年平均变化相对于整个时间段较快。1960-1980年代干旱变化较为平缓,1960-1970年代干旱等级的转换主要以中等以下的干旱等级之间的转换为主导;1970-1980年代以无干旱与轻微、中等和严重干旱等级之间的相互转换为主导。1980年代至21世纪初干旱有加重的趋势,1980-1990年代以无干旱向极端干旱的转换为主导;1990年代至21世纪初中等以下的干旱向严重和极端干旱的转变成为了主导,而严重干旱则以向极端干旱转换为主导,极端干旱以向中等干旱转换为主导。

黄河流域非平稳气象干旱特征的重构及时空演变规律

气候变化和高强度人类活动影响下,基于平稳性假设的传统方法难以准确描述非平稳时间序列的演变规律。本文基于黄河流域1960—2020年逐月气象资料,采用自适应噪声完备集合经验模态分解法和游程理论提取标准化降水蒸散指数的重构干旱特征,结合Pettitt法和旋转经验正交函数研究非平稳气象干旱时空特征。结果表明,多时间尺度黄河流域气象干旱均呈现显著性增强趋势,且各时间尺度标准化降水蒸散指数序列均于1996年发生显著变化。考虑非平稳性的重构干旱特征时间上呈现出更为显著的季节性变化,空间上更符合流域实际情况。研究结果对厘清非平稳气象干旱时空演变规律具有重要意义,可为黄河流域防旱抗旱提供科学依据。

干旱对锡林郭勒草原植被净初级生产力的影响

为了探讨干旱对锡林郭勒草原植被净初级生产力(Net Primary Productivity,NPP)的影响,本文基于2000~2020年12个月尺度的标准化降水蒸散指数(Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index,SPEI)和同一时期的MODIS(Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer)NPP数据,运用Theil-Sen趋势分析和Mann-Kendall非参数检验方法对干旱与NPP时空变化特征进行分析,并采用相关分析方法探讨干旱对锡林郭勒草原NPP的影响。结果表明:锡林郭勒草原气候整体呈湿润趋势,东部较西部更为明显;NPP呈增加趋势,由东北向西南递减;SPEI与NPP呈正相关的面积达99.88%,说明植被状况随着干旱的缓解整体趋于好转;时间上,SPEI与不同植被类型NPP均呈显著正相关,其中相关性最大的是典型草原;干旱的发生会造成NPP损失,其减少幅度随干旱强度和面积的增加而上升。研究结果可为应对气候变化、抗灾减灾等工作提供科学依据。

基于SPEI的中国干旱多尺度时空特征分析

干旱作为影响社会经济发展的自然灾害之一,探究中国干旱时空变化特征,对干旱预防和策略制定具有重要意义。以1979-2020年中国7个区域的标准降水蒸散指数(SPEI)网格数据作为基础,应用干旱频率和强度指标,结合改进的Mann-Kendall检验(MMK)方法和滑动时间窗口法,分析不同时间尺度(1个月、3个月、6个月、12个月)下的中国干旱时空特征。结果表明:在空间上,青藏高原、内蒙草原地区、西北荒漠地区、东北湿润半湿润温带地区的干旱程度更为突出;干旱频率随SPEI时间尺度增大而减小,随干旱等级(SPEI-3、SPEI-6以及SPEI-12尺度)的增加而减少;中国空间趋势变化为西北荒漠地区、青藏高原、内蒙草原地区、华中华南湿润亚热带地区北部、华北湿润半湿润暖温带地区南部、东北湿润半湿润温带地区具有显著干旱化趋势,青藏高原和东北湿润半湿润温带地区均具有明显的干湿差异。在时间上,西北荒漠地区的SPEI-1~SPEI-12尺度、青藏高原的SPEI-1~SPEI-12尺度、内蒙草原地区的SPEI-1~SPEI-12尺度、东北湿润半湿润温带地区的SPEI-6和SPEI-12尺度、华中华南湿润亚热带地区SPEI-1、SPEI-3和SPEI-12尺度的干旱较为突出。研究结果可为中国干旱预防和影响评估提供一定参考依据。

基于SPEI的1992-2022年塔额盆地干旱时空变化特征

标准化降水蒸散指数(Standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index,SPEI)是反映区域干旱状况的重要参数,基于塔额盆地近31 a逐日气象资料,计算不同时间尺度下的SPEI,采用Mann-Kendall检验、相关性分析等方法,探索塔额盆地干旱演变的时空特征,讨论气温和降水量对SPEI的影响程度及相关性。结果表明:(1)塔额盆地近31 a来全年和四季SPEI均呈下降趋势,整体向干旱化发展。(2)年干旱在1994年开始发生突变,春、夏、秋、冬干旱分别在1995、1992、2009、2008年发生突变。(3)塔额盆地的干旱在空间分布上差异显著,总体上北部干旱比南部严重,南部托里县和铁厂沟地区出现不显著的湿润化趋势。(4)相比于气温,降水量对SPEI的影响更大,尤其是春季降水量。研究结果有助于了解塔额盆地干旱演变特征,为该区域旱灾的预警预防及防灾减灾工作提供科学依据。

基于CMIP6的气候变化下汉江流域气象干旱特征研究

为明晰气候变化下汉江流域气象干旱的演变特征,选取CMIP6中10个气候模式,考虑每个气候模式历史情景与4种共享社会经济路径(SSPs)情景,基于标准化降水蒸散指数分析了汉江流域气象干旱特征的变化规律。结果表明:未来汉江流域年降水量与潜在蒸散量最大差值逐渐增大,增长速率为0.92~2.40 mm/a,最小差值在不同SSPs情景下变化趋势不同,在SSP1-2.6和SSP3-7.0情景下逐渐缩小,而在SSP2-4.5和SSP5-8.5情景下持续增大;历史情景下流域干旱累计时长表现为东西短、中部长的特点,而未来流域中下游干旱累计时长减小,上游略有增大,且干旱在年内发生时间相对提前;未来低重现期干旱烈度不会发生明显变化,但极端干旱烈度将显著上升,100年一遇干旱烈度增长幅度为7.1%~25.6%。