The Prisoner of“Freedom”:Cultural Displacement of Santosh in Naipaul’s In a Free State

In a Free State is a post-colonial novel written by Naipaul.“One out of Many”is one of the stories in this novel to explore the freedom of the culturally rootless.The protagonist,Santosh,lives under the collision between the Indian culture and American culture.In the“crevice”of two different cultures,he is deeply involved in the tumultuous and painful process of cultural displacement.His behaviors in cultural displacement can be divided into three stages.Firstly,he has experienced a“cultural shock”after his arrival in Washington,D.C.as a new comer.Secondly,after being fully exposed to the host culture and American style,he has experienced assimilation and absorption to be like an American.Finally when he escapes from his employer and chooses his own way of living,he finds that he is not free at all because he is confronted with an awkward cultural dilemma:he can neither return to his past life;nor can he aspire to a better future.The anxiety about the dislocation causes misery for his fate.As a result,he becomes a prisoner in an unfamiliar culture,and his“freedom”can only be a rootless“freedom”.

The number of least degrees of freedom required for a polarization controller to transform any state of polarization to any other output covering the entire Poincar sphere

Using two typical types of polarization controller, this paper analyses theoretically and experimentally the fact that it is necessary to adjust at least three instead of two waveplates in order to transform any state of polarization to any other output covering the entire Poincar6 sphere. The experimental results are exactly in accordance with the theory discussed in this paper. It has corrected the conventional and inaccurate point of view that two waveplates of a polarization controller are adequate to complete the transformation of state of polarization.

Prediction of landslide block movement based on Kalman filtering data assimilation method

Compared with the study of single point motion of landslides,studying landslide block movement based on data from multiple monitoring points is of great significance for improving the accurate identification of landslide deformation.Based on the study of landslide block,this paper regarded the landslide block as a rigid body in particle swarm optimization algorithm.The monitoring data were organized to achieve the optimal state of landslide block,and the 6-degree of freedom pose of the landslide block was calculated after the regularization.Based on the characteristics of data from multiple monitoring points of landslide blocks,a prediction equation for the motion state of landslide blocks was established.By using Kalman filtering data assimilation method,the parameters of prediction equation for landslide block motion state were adjusted to achieve the optimal prediction.This paper took the Baishuihe landslide in the Three Gorges reservoir area as the research object.Based on the block segmentation of the landslide,the monitoring data of the Baishuihe landslide block were organized,6-degree of freedom pose of block B was calculated,and the Kalman filtering data assimilation method was used to predict the landslide block movement.The research results showed that the proposed prediction method of the landslide movement state has good prediction accuracy and meets the expected goal.This paper provides a new research method and thinking angle to study the motion state of landslide block.

Asymptotic dynamics of the alternate degrees of freedom for a two-mode system:An analytically solvable model

The composite systems can be non-uniquely decomposed into parts（subsystems）.Not all decompositions（structures） of a composite system are equally physically relevant.In this paper we answer on theoretical ground why it may be so.We consider a pair of mutually un-coupled modes in the phase space representation that are subjected to the independent quantum amplitude damping channels.By investigating asymptotic dynamics of the degrees of freedom,we find that the environment is responsible for the structures non-equivalence.Only one structure is distinguished by both locality of the environmental influence on its subsystems and a classical-like description.

Research State and Trend of Fruit Picking Robot Manipulator Structure

Starting from the characteristics of fruit picking,the characteristics of fruit picking robot manipulators and the research state at home and abroad are reviewed.The analysis summarizes the difficulties in fruit picking robotic arm research.Aiming at the configuration of the manipulator,the structure and characteristics of the manipulator with redundant degrees of freedom are introduced,and the feasibility of the redundant mechanism is demonstrated through the current research state of the manipulator.

自由的实现:黑格尔与马克思

自由的实现是黑格尔和马克思思想的共同主题,也是二者的分歧所在。在《法哲学原理》中,黑格尔批判了法国大革命“绝对自由”的原则,试图以理性国家统一普遍与特殊,调和个体与共同体之间的矛盾,最终实现私人领域和公共领域的统一。在一个有机共同体中实现具体的自由,这一点成为后来马克思共产主义观念的理论起点,也构成后者的原则高度。不同的是,马克思敏锐地发现了黑格尔理性国家的问题,把对市民社会的批判推进到政治经济学批判中,进而在哲学批判、政治经济学批判以及各种形式的社会主义理论及其现实运动的批判这一总体性的视野中为黑格尔的伦理自由找到了一条通达现实的道路——共产主义及其现实运动。因此,作为观念与现实的统一,马克思的共产主义就在根本上超越了黑格尔的理性国家,是自由的真正实现,即人类解放。

专属经济区航行自由适当顾及义务的履行研究

专属经济区航行自由适当顾及义务对平衡沿海国和其他国家海洋权利、实现海洋的充分利用具有重要意义。但是,适当顾及义务的内涵模糊,其基本要求和履行形式并不明确。实践中,沿海国基于污染防控对航行自由的限制程度不同,其他国家在沿海国专属经济区实施军事活动是否违反适当顾及义务存在争议,不同国家对适当顾及义务履行形式的规定也不一致。适当顾及义务的理论共识和实践规律表明,遵守国际法和沿海国法律、不得危害沿海国和平与安全、尊重沿海国为行使专属经济区权利而采取的管理措施是专属经济区航行自由适当顾及义务的基本要求。专属经济区航行自由适当顾及义务的履行可细化为分析航行涉及的沿海国权益、判断航行是否影响沿海国权益、事先与沿海国沟通协商、采取必要的合理措施避免侵害沿海国合法权益等步骤。

中美知识产权贸易影响因素测度

在全球经济转型中,象征着高新技术的知识产权贸易在全球贸易中占据越来越重要的地位。基于中美技术创新导致的知识产权贸易的优势差异,根据波特钻石模型,收集2010—2020年中美两国知识产权使用费和其他10个东道国(发达国家和发展中国家各5个)的有关面板数据,并引入东道国全球竞争力指数(GCI),运用实证模型进行多重共线性分析、基准回归、中介效应检验和异质性检验等,探究中美知识产权贸易的影响因素及其作用机制。结果发现:(1)考察期间知识产权使用费的收入均值中国远小于美国,同时收入差距中国远大于美国。(2)美国知识产权贸易仅受东道国的关税税率、平均受教育年限和劳工自由度3个因素影响,而中国知识产权贸易受制约因素更多(共7个),其中受东道国关税税率和劳工自由度的负向影响较大,在知识产权贸易方面的实力和比较优势与美国相比存在一定差距。(3)中介效应中国显著高于美国,其中东道国的关税税率和劳工自由度对美国知识产权出口贸易存在明显的部分中介效应,对中国而言则前者存在完全中介效应、后者为部分中介效应,同时东道国居民消费率为部分中介;此外,东道国GCI对中国的负向影响显著大于美国。(4)美国对发达国家和发展中国家的知识产权贸易均具有明显的优势和实力,而目前中国知识产权贸易的主要优势国为发展中国家。(5)美国签订自由贸易协定利于其削弱关税壁垒和人才流动的影响,于中国而言则可减轻受关税、人力资本和企业承载力的影响。基于此,提出中国进一步增强资源承载能力和知识产权贸易竞争力、提升知识产权质量和不断完善知识产权制度等对策建议。

婚检制度的法理反思与制度重构——以婚姻自主为核心的讨论

自愿婚检制度自实施以来产生了诸多社会问题,并引发了对婚检是否应当强制的学术争论,但当前争论仅停留在制度表面,缺乏深入的理论反思。我国婚检制度从“形式”与“实质”双重强制的强制婚检制度转变为“无强制”的自愿婚检制度,这体现国家从“硬家长式”立场转变为尊重和保障公民婚姻自由的“自由式”立场。“自由式”立场将婚姻自主视为一种主权权利,这成了自愿婚检制度产生诸多社会问题的根源,并面临理论批判。这些批判促使婚姻自主从一种主权权利转变为一种品格理想。基于这种转变,婚检制度应立基于一种保障和促进公民婚姻自主的“软家长式”立场,并重构为采纳“形式强制”但拒绝“实质强制”的“弱强制”婚检制度。

基于6Dof坐标模型虚拟智能实体状态变迁初探

虚拟现实技术得到越来越广泛的研究和应用,参与者希望进行更加智能化的人机交互,这对研究者提出了更高的要求。提出了一种基于6自由度坐标模型的虚拟智能实体,利用有限状态机来实现状态变迁,以此来增加整个虚拟现实系统的人-机交互智能特性。

基于ESO和FF-2DOF稳定平台位置跟随控制方法研究

捷联式稳定平台的闭环控制是自动垂直钻井系统的关键,其特点是惯性元件和电机定子均与钻铤固联并随之同步旋转,通过控制电机轴直接驱动执行机构中的盘阀以实现偏心轴方位控制。本文针对这一旋转动基座上反捷联位置跟随与扰动抑制的控制要求,将基于扩张状态观测器的扰动补偿思想与二自由度控制思想相结合,提出了一种基于扩张状态观测器的前馈型二自由度控制方法。该方法能够保证系统快速位置跟踪能力的同时,具备良好的扰动抑制能力,仿真与实验结果验证了该方法的有效性。

“双减”背景下初中生应对方式对焦虑状态的影响——以对郴州某中学的调查为例

为了解“双减”背景下初中生应对方式与焦虑状态的现状以及二者之间的关系,分析“双减”政策对提升初中生应对方式和对缓解初中生学习焦虑的作用,采用状态—特质焦虑问卷和简易应对方式问卷对郴州某中学202名初中生进行了调查研究。结果发现:(1)女生的特质焦虑得分显著高于男生,初二年级学生的焦虑得分显著高于初一年级学生;(2)初二年级学生更倾向于采用消极应对方式;(3)积极应对方式对状态焦虑和特质焦虑有负向的影响,而消极应对方式对其有正向预测作用。采取积极应对方式有利于减轻焦虑。

当代美国反智主义盛行的根源、影响及应对

反智主义的形成在美国有着较为深厚的社会历史根基和特殊的政治基础。反智主义表面上是反知识、反精英、反理性,本质却是一种相关政治与权力策略的组合,并最终服务于政治掌权者所提出的决定或其所代表的政治体系。反智主义行为已经成为一种突出的话语体系,应在三方面进行有智追求,即建构实现知识自由的机制,重新认识专家与政治决策者之间的角色分化,加强公众对政府与专家知识的理解与信任,同时还应不断提高公民科学素养和文化教育水平,从而自我摒弃和挞伐反智主义追逐的不良风气,为进一步优化政策质量、解决社会问题提供理论参考。

Research on robust control strategy of single DOF supporting system of MLDSB based on H∞ mixed-sensitivity Method

Because of hydraulic-electromagnetic double supporting forms,the supporting capacity and stiffness of magnetic-liquid double suspension bearing(MLDSB)can be improved sharply and then it is more suitable for medium speed,heavy load and frequent-starting occasions.Due to the multiple uncertainty,such as the coupling,the unmodeled dynamics,the parameter perturbation and the external disturbance perturbation,the robust stability and stiffness of control system of MLDSB are hard to meet the design requirements.Firstly,the structural features and the regulation mechanisms of MLDSB are presented and the radial 4-DOF kinetic equations are established.Secondly,the influence factors of the control system's coupling on unbalanced vibration caused by the deviation of the rotor center of mass are revealed,and then the weighting function of suppressing the unbalanced vibration can be obtained.Finally,H∞ controller of MLDSB is designed with H∞ mixed-sensitivity method,and the control performances of H∞ controller is compared with the state feedback controller.The simulation results show that single degree of freedom(DOF)supporting system of MLDSB with H∞ controller has good robust stability,stiffness and the ability to suppress unbalanced external disturbances.This study can provide the theoretical reference for stabilized suspension and control of MLDSB.

Deterministic and complete hyperentangled Bell states analysis assisted by frequency and time interval degrees of freedom

Hyperentangled Bell states analysis(HBSA)is an essential building block for certain hyper-parallel quantum information processing.We propose a complete and deterministic HBSA scheme encoded in spatial and polarization degrees of freedom(DOFs)of two-photon system assisted by a fixed frequency-based entanglement and a time interval DOF.The parity information the spatial-based and polarization-based hyper-entanglement can be distinguished by the distinct time intervals of the photon pairs,and the phase information can be distinguished by the detection signature.Compared with previous schemes,the number of the auxiliary entanglements is reduced from two to one by introducing time interval DOF.Moreover,the additional frequency and time interval DOFs suffer less from the collective channel noise.

Nonlinear suboptimal tracking control of spacecraft approaching a tumbling target

We investigate the close-range relative motion and control of a spacecraft approaching a tumbling target. Unlike the traditional rigid-body dynamics with translation and rotation about the center of mass（CM）, the kinematic coupling between translation and rotation is taken into consideration to directly describe the motion of the spacecraft＇s sensors or devices which are not coincident with the CM. Thus, a kinematically coupled 6 degrees-of-freedom（DOF） relative motion model for the instrument（feature point） is set up. To make the chaser spacecraft＇s feature point track the target＇s, an optimal tracking problem is defined and a control law with a feedback-feedforward structure is designed. With quasi-linearization of the nonlinear dynamical system, the feedforward term is computed from a specified constraint about the dynamical system and the reference model, and the feedback action is derived starting from the state-dependent Ricca equation（SDRE）. The proposed controller is compared with an existing suboptimal tracking controller, and numerical simulations are presented to illustrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method.

疏野与诗话

诗话中的“疏野”之境,是一种“天放”境界,与中华古典文化中“野”的概念发展紧密相关。在传统文化中,庄子、孟子、荀子以及《吕氏春秋》对“野”都有过阐释,嵇康、陶渊明、苏轼等在诗歌中对“野”趣都有过创作实践,这些都推动了“疏野”诗学的发展。晚唐诗论家司空图以人的生存状态来彰显“疏野”的诗学理念,将生存与疏野加以诗性融合,并影响到明清诗书画的艺术境界。

非法经营罪的价值预设与类型构造

非法经营罪的限缩解释论似乎具有正当性,实则难以符合立法原意与惩治需求。客观解释论立场下的合规性管制说过于推崇解释者自己的价值判断,易使非法经营行为的犯罪评价丧失可靠的价值指引。非法经营罪的处罚范围是《刑法》第二百二十五条之价值预设“交易自由”与“国家管制”之间动态调和的结果。从交易自由与国家管制的价值权衡中产生两项具体的价值判断规则:其一,除非具有保护市场准入管制的特殊理由,否则不得干涉经营;其二,除非经营者违反市场经营过程管制且侵犯消费者的交易自由,否则不得干涉经营。据此,可以将非法经营罪划分为未经特别许可、未经普通许可和违反市场经营过程管制等三种违法行为类型,各违法行为类型在违法要素方面存在差异。作为违反市场准入管制型非法经营行为的预备或者帮助行为,买卖进出口许可证等行为的入罪解释应当受到严格限制。高利贷行为不构成非法经营罪。疫情期间哄抬物价,情节严重的行为,应当以非法经营罪论处。

基于量子行走的确定性远程光子态交换

基于光学量子行走,设计了一个能够实现远程光子偏振态和空间态交换的方案,使得光子的低质量偏振纠缠与高质量空间纠缠发生互换,最终使远程通信双方获得最大偏振纠缠态。也就是说,利用光子在空间自由度上的远程纠缠资源来辅助,可提高光子在偏振自由度上的远程纠缠。所有的后选择结果都是成功的,因此这里的态交换是确定性的。该方案不仅适用于Werner态,还适用于任意未知的远程光子偏振态,因此该方案还具有普适性。方案中的半波片和光束移位器都是成熟的光学器件,所以该方案简单易行,为远程偏振纠缠操控提供了另一种备选方案。

法治国家的健康观

在法治国家,健康应被定位为国家保护义务的对象,这一定位既凸显了保障公民健康的国家任务,又指引着公权力理性履行其保护公民健康的职责。在现代社会,随着健康影响因素的变化,国家要充分保护公民健康,就需要实施全方位的预防。由此,健康保护水准得到提升,但个人权利招致较多限制,健康与自由的关系日益紧张。健康中国建设背景下,行政机关固然要突破原有警察权的界限,但仍不可放弃行政法治的基本要求。国家应当强调个人的主体性,尊重公民是自己健康的第一责任人,在此基础上论证干预措施的正当性。