Effects of positive psychological control intervention on sleep and psychology of officers and soldiers working at sea

BACKGROUND The working environment of submarine crews is also very special.They are in a closed,high-temperature,high-noise,high-vibration and narrow working and living space for a long time,and they suffer from physical discomfort caused by seasickness,which will affect the mental health of officers and soldiers.American psychologists have achieved positive results in psychological resilience training for officers and soldiers from the perspective of positive psychology.At present,there are few reports on the correlation between psychological resilience in the field of domestic research on submarine crew psychology,and it is necessary to conduct further research.METHODS A total of 121 soldiers working in a confined space of a large ship were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group.The 50 soldiers in the experimental group were given a training course intervention,while the 71 soldiers in the control group did not receive any intervention measures.The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index,Psychological Resilience Scale,military Psycho-logical Stress Self-Assessment Questionnaire,and General Self-Efficacy Scale scores were compared before and 6 months after the intervention.RESULTS Under the positive psychological control intervention,except for sleep efficiency(P=0.05),the difference between the remaining dimensions of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scores and the total scores of the experimental group compared with the control group was statistically significant(P<0.05);the assessment of the psychological condition showed that,in addition to the Psychological Stress Self-assessment Questionnaire for Military Personnel scores(P=0.05),the scores of the Mental Toughness Scale(Dispositional Resilience Scale Resilience II)in the experimental group,General Self-Efficacy Scale scores were statistically significant(P<0.05)compared to pre-intervention.CONCLUSION Positive psychological intervention and control can improve the sleep state and psychological state of officers and soldiers working in confined space at sea.

Impact of Action Observation Therapy along with Usual Physiotherapy Intervention of Individual with Alzheimer’s Disease

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive impairments in the initial stage, which lead to severe cognitive dysfunction in the later stage. Action observation therapy (AOT) is a multisensory cognitive rehabilitation technique where the patient initially observes the actions and then tries to perform. The study aimed to examine the impact of AOT along with usual physiotherapy interventions to reduce depression, improve cognition and balance of a patient with AD. A 67 years old patient with AD was selected for this study because the patient has been suffering from depression, dementia, and physical dysfunction along with some other health conditions like diabetes and hypertension. Before starting intervention, a baseline assessment was done through the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) tool, the Mini-Cog Scale, and the Berg Balance Scale (BBS). The patient received 12 sessions of AOT along with usual physiotherapy interventions thrice a week for four weeks, which included 45 minutes of each session. After four weeks of intervention, the patient demonstrated significant improvement in depression, cognition, and balance, whereas the BDI score declined from moderate 21/63 to mild 15/63 level of depression. The Mini-Cog score improved from 2/5 to 4/5, and the BBS score increased from 18/56 to 37/56. It is concluded that AOT along with usual physiotherapy intervention helps to reduce depression, improve cognition and balance of people with AD.

The Impact and Intervention of Handheld Tai Chi Water-Resistance Fitness Ball on Middle-Aged and Elderly Patients with Parkinson’s Disease

Through the use of a survey and statistical methods, this study explores the effects and interventions of handheld Tai Chi water resistance fitness balls on the elderly with Parkinson’s disease. Firstly, a questionnaire on exercise compliance for patients with Parkinson’s disease was developed, and its reliability and validity were tested. Then, a survey was conducted to investigate the current status of exercise compliance among Parkinson’s disease patients, including general information, scoring status, and single and multiple factor analyses of influencing factors [1]. The results of the study show that through qualitative research, the dimensions and item pools of the questionnaire were initially constructed, and the reliability analysis of the questionnaire was conducted through Delphi expert consultation, with favorable results in terms of its reliability and validity [2]. Regarding the current status of exercise compliance among Parkinson’s disease patients, the study found that the level of exercise compliance needs improvement, and there are significant differences in exercise compliance levels among patients under different circumstances. Finally, the research results were discussed and conclusions were drawn. The innovation of this study lies in the development of a questionnaire on exercise compliance for patients with Parkinson’s disease and the preliminary qualitative research and Delphi expert consultation conducted on it, providing new ideas and methods for the study of exercise compliance. However, the study also has limitations as it did not examine the effects of other interventions on Parkinson’s disease, so further research should be conducted [3].

Group Psychological Intervention for Children with Hyperactivity Disorder

ADHD is a broad psychiatric disorder that affects children of normal or near-normal intelligence.It is character-ized by inattention,hyperactivity,and age-inappropriate impulsivity,and it is often accompanied by learning dif-ficulties,behavioral,emotional,and interpersonal problems.On the other hand,hyperactive tendencies in children with ADHD exhibit ADHD-like behaviors such as lack of self-control,inattention,hyperactivity,and emotional impulsivity.However,because their symptoms are less severe,they do not meet the diagnostic criteria for ADHD but are ADHD or at risk of developing ADHD.The purpose of this study is to alleviate and reduce children’s hyperactivity symptoms by investigating the current situation of the children studied,and systemati-cally intervening and educating children with ADHD through psychological group intervention.Research data shows that ADHD is most commonly diagnosed in school-age children,and in 70%–80%of children with ADHD,symptoms persist into adolescence and 30%into adulthood.Through the use of group psychological intervention in the experiment,the prevalence rate of children with hyperactivity disorder tendency has been effectively reduced.This shows that group psychological intervention training has a significant effect on improving hyper-activity symptoms in children with ADHD tendency.

Role of ferroptosis in Parkinson’s disease and intervention mechanism of acupuncture and moxibustion

Parkinson’s disease(PD)is the second neurodegenerative disease in the world.The pathological characteristics of PD are degeneration,loss and death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra of the midbrain.At present,most scholars believe that the main pathogenesis of PD is α-synuclein aggregation,oxidative stress,mitochondrial dysfunction and neuroinflammatory reaction.More and more studies have demonstrated that ferroptosis plays an important role in the occurrence and development of PD.Ferroptosis is a new type of cell death that is significantly different from traditional apoptosis,scorching and necrosis.Its main feature is iron-dependent lipid peroxidation.Some studies have found that the efficacy of acupuncture and moxibustion in the treatment of PD may be related to the regulation of ferroptosis.Therefore,this study mainly discusses the occurrence and development mechanism of ferroptosis and its role in PD,and the possible mechanism of acupuncture and moxibustion in the treatment of PD dopaminergic neurons,so as to provide theoretical basis for acupuncture and moxibustion in the treatment of PD.

Liberals, Communitarians, Republicans and the Intervention of the State in the Private Sphere

The aim of this paper is to discuss whether the increasing intervention of the state in the private sphere-as is evidenced in labor laws, consumer rights, bioethics, and Internet crimes-is compatible with the liberal ideal of neutrality, or, on the contrary, whether it can be seen as a turning point towards the position of communitarian or republican authors, for whom the state must endorse a substantive good. Such a turning point could lead to a reformulation of the public and private spheres, and of course, raise questions over which values justify which kinds of intervention. This paper will cover these debates in three parts： First, by presenting briefly the history of the liberal conception of rights, I will try to show that, from a starting point based mostly on individual protection, the liberal tradition has become more interventionist, which can be seen through the notion of ＂claim rights.＂ Departing from John Rawls＇s work, I will argue that this notion allows for some level of intervention, without betraying liberal neutrality. Subsequently, I will discuss the difference between this kind of intervention and the ones proclaimed by communitarians and republicans authors： The former will be illustrated by Michael Sandel＇s criticism of Rawls in Liberalism and the Limits of Justice, and the later by Richard Dagger＇s position in Civic Virtues, Citizenship, and Republican Liberalism. Finally, in the third part, we＇ll discuss whether liberal principles can be harmonized with the republican and communitarian focus on civic virtues and good life.

2022年四川芦山M_(S)6.1地震前应力状态研究

为研究2022年6月1日四川芦山M_(S)6.1地震的孕育和发生过程,采用CAP方法反演了2013年芦山M_(S)7.0主震及M_(S)≥5.0余震的震源机制解,并基于应力张量方差与b值时空分布特征,探讨了芦山M_(S)6.1地震的力学机制和震源区的应力状态。结果表明:2022年芦山M_(S)6.1地震震源机制表现出与2013年芦山M_(S)7.0主震和5级余震相似的逆冲型破裂特征,压应力轴方位与龙门山断裂带南段区域应力场一致。2013年芦山M_(S)7.0地震后震中及附近的应力张量方差和b值长期处于低值状态,2022年芦山M_(S)6.1地震前震中及附近出现了应力张量方差和b值的低值异常,表明芦山余震区处于较高的应力水平。分析认为:巴颜喀拉块体持续东向运动受到华南块体的阻挡,震中所在区域长期受挤压逆冲作用,从而使芦山余震区长期处于应力积累的状态,芦山M_(S)6.1地震也是在这种动力学背景下发生的。

Effect of nursing intervention based on Maslow's hierarchy of needs in patients with coronary heart disease interventional surgery

BACKGROUND It is very important to provide effective nursing programs to regulate the physical and mental state of patients and to improve treatment compliance after interventional surgery for coronary heart disease(CHD).AIM To explore the effect of a nursing intervention based on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory on patients with CHD undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention.METHODS Ninety-four patients with CHD undergoing interventional surgery in our hospital from January 2020 to February 2021 were randomly divided into a research group(n=47)and a control group(n=47).The control group received routine nursing,and the research group received a nursing intervention based on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory.The scores of self-efficacy,negative emotion[depression(SDS),anxiety(SAS)],intervention compliance(standardized medication,moderate exercise,healthy diet,and regular review),and nursing satisfaction were calculated before and after intervention for the two groups.RESULTS Before intervention,there was no significant difference in the scores of disease general management self-efficacy,disease management self-efficacy,and total self-efficacy between the two groups(P=0.795,0.479,and 0.659,respectively).After intervention,these three scores in the research group were higher than those in the control group(P<0.001).Before intervention,there was no significant difference in the scores of SAS and SDS between the two groups(P=0.149 and 0.347,respectively).After intervention,the scores of SAS and SDS in the research group were lower than those in the control group(P<0.001).The standardized drug use rate(97.87%),moderate exercise rate(97.87%),healthy diet rate(95.74%),and regular reexamination rate(97.87%)in the research group were higher than those in the control group(85.11%,82.98%,80.85%,and 87.23%,respectively)(P=0.027,0.014,0.025,and 0.049,respectively).Nursing job satisfaction in the research group(93.62%)was higher than that in the control group(78.72%)(P=0.036).CONCLUSION A nursing program based on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory can effectively alleviate negative emotion,enhance self-efficacy and intervention compliance,and ensure that the patients are highly satisfied with the nursing work.

维持性控制干预联合心理疏导对ESRD血液透析患者的影响

目的探讨维持性控制干预联合心理疏导对终末期肾病(end stage renal disease,ESRD)血液透析患者的影响。方法选取福建医科大学附属第二医院2022年1月—2023年1月入院进行血液透析治疗的206例ESRD患者。随机分为观察组和对照组,每组103例。对照组予以常规护理,观察组在常规护理基础上予以维持性控制干预联合心理疏导。比较2组护理后患者尿素降低率(urea reduction ratio,URR)、平均尿素清除指数(average urea clearance index,Kt/V)以及平均血细胞压积(packed cell volume,PCV);比较2组护理前后自我效能感量表(general self-efficacy scale,GSES)、焦虑自评量表(self-rating anxiety scale,SAS)和抑郁自评量表(selfrating depression scale,SDS)评分。结果护理后,观察组URR、Kt/V、PCV值分别为(66.13±4.28)%、(1.47±0.29)、(31.06±3.24)%,高于对照组的(61.39±5.01)%、(1.29±0.35)、(27.63±3.98)%(P<0.05);护理后,观察组GSES各维度得分高于对照组,SAS和SDS得分低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论维持性控制干预联合心理疏导通过制定规范的护理措施、及时与患者进行交流和沟通等护理措施,能提升患者自我效能感及改善患者负性情绪,进而提高患者血液透析治疗效果。

Timing of individualized surgical intervention in Crohn’s disease

Crohn’s disease(CD)is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract with an increasing incidence worldwide.Comprehensive therapy for CD focuses on symptom control and healing the intestinal mucosa to improve the quality of life and prevent complications.Surgical intervention plays a vital role in comprehensive therapy.However,deciding the optimal timing for surgical intervention has long been a focus of controversy.This review provides insights into the timing of surgery for CD and guides clinicians in daily treatment.

Nursing, Psychological Intervention and Self-Management after Deep Brain Stimulation in Parkinson’s Disease

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease mainly caused by motor disorders, mostly occurring in middle-aged and elderly people. The incidence of PD has been increasing year by year, and up to now, PD is still an incurable disease. However, more and more data show that early implementation of deep brain stimulation and early medical, psychological, social and other interventions can significantly improve the quality of life and prolong the survival time of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Mental health guidance, cognitive behavioral intervention, psychogenic therapy and scientific nursing for PD patients may improve the functional recovery after Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) for Parkinson’s disease. This paper discusses the nursing and psychological intervention methods of deep brain stimulation (DBS) implantation in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD), aiming to scientifically discuss the clinical effect of nursing psychological intervention and improve the quality of life in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Basic nursing and psychological cognitive behavior intervention measures for PD patients can improve the daily activity ability of PD patients, improve the outcome of PD patients, and effectively improve the satisfaction of PD patients with nursing work, which has certain clinical promotion significance.

基于Snyder希望理论的干预策略对股骨颈骨折患者术后心理状态、运动功能恢复及生活质量的影响

目的 探讨基于Snyder希望理论的干预策略对股骨颈骨折患者术后心理状态、运动功能恢复及生活质量的影响。方法 选取安徽省合肥市第二人民医院2021年1月至2023年10月收治的100例股骨颈骨折患者,按随机数字表法将其分为对照组和观察组,每组50例。对照组采取常规护理,观察组采取基于Snyder希望理论的干预,干预2周。比较两组干预前后的心理状态[症状自评量表-90(SCL-90)]、运动功能(Harris评分)及生活质量[世界卫生组织生命质量测定量表(WHOQOL-BREF)]的影响。结果 干预前,两组SCL-90评分、Harris评分、WHOQOL-BREF各维度评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。干预后,两组SCL-90评分低于干预前,且观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组Harris评分、WHOQOL-BREF各维度评分高于干预前,且观察组高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 基于Snyder希望理论的干预策略能有效改善患者心理状态,促进患者运动功能的恢复,提高其生活质量,使患者获益。

观察基于Watson人性照顾理论的干预对重症肺炎合并呼吸衰竭患者的应用效果

目的:观察基于Watson人性照顾理论的干预对重症肺炎合并呼吸衰竭患者的应用效果。方法:选取2021年6月至2023年6月泉州市第一医院呼吸与危重症医学科收治的重症肺炎合并呼吸衰竭患者94例作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组47例。对照组给予常规护理干预,观察组在对照组基础上给予Watson人性照顾理论的干预。采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI)比较2组患者干预前后睡眠质量的变化,采用阿森斯失眠量表(AIS)评估2组患者干预前后失眠的改善效果,并通过2组患者护理后的呼吸困难缓解时间、机械通气时间、重症监护室住院时间,以判断恢复情况。结果:干预后,观察组患者PSQI评分、AIS评分均显著低于对照组,观察组呼吸困难缓解时间、机械通气时间及重症监护室住院时间均显著短于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论:对重症肺炎合并呼吸衰竭患者应用基于Watson人性照顾理论的护理干预可有效改善其睡眠质量,促进病情恢复,值得临床推广应用。

Non-pharmacological intervention for posterior cortical atrophy

Posterior cortical atrophy(PCA) is a rare neurodegene-rative condition characterized by progressive visual-perceptual deficits. Although the neurocognitive profile of PCA is a growing and relatively well-established field, non-pharmacological care remains understudied and to be widely established in clinical practice. In the present work we review the available literature on non-pharmacological approaches for PCA, such as cognitive rehabilitation including individual cognitive exercises and compensatory techniques to improve autonomy in daily life, and psycho-education aiming to inform people with PCA about the nature of their visual deficits and limits of cognitive rehabilitation. The reviewed studies represented a total of 7 patients. There is a scarcity of the number of studies, and mostly consisting of case studies. Results suggest non-pharmacological intervention to be a potentially beneficial approach for the partial compensation of deficits, improvement of daily functionality and improvement of quality of life. Clinical implications and future directions are also highlighted for the advancement of the field, in order to clarify the possible role of non-pharmacological interventions, and its extent, in PCA.

Designing a Need Based Social Protection Intervention Package for Children and Adolescents Living with HIV and AIDS in Ghana—An Eclectic Perspective on Desired Social Protection Intervention Package/Framework

Background: Designing a need-based social protection intervention for children comes as comprehensive tool for addressing the overall quality of life of HIV positive children. Not much has been examined on what constitute the desired social protection framework for HIV positive children. Methods: This study was informed by a qualitative descriptive exploratory design approach. The study drew insights from the shared perspectives of 27 participants sampled from positive HIV status disclosed children—10 - 17 years, healthcare workers, Social and Development worker, HIV positive caregivers and parents from 7 ART clinics in rural and urban Brong Ahafo and Ashanti regions of Ghana. Data was collected through interviews and two focus group discussions with study participants. Drawing on the emerged themes from the transcripts, thematic content analysis was used to analyze the data using comparative thematic framework approach. Findings: The eclectic perspectives on the type of social protection policy/intervention preferred demonstrated the need for an interrelated and integrated social protection policy. This should not be designed in isolation towards addressing the child vulnerability. The study found that social protection policies aimed at addressing vulnerability levels of children should consider the dual vulnerability situation within which HIV positive children and adolescents are located. A set of unique specific tailored approach and package reflecting minimum combination social protection package to HIV positive children was considered essential for inclusion. The themes that emerged covered social policy/intervention package inclusive of a disease ending/eradication intervention package, cash transfer for children and their caregivers, free comprehensive health insurance integrating all consultancy and laboratory services charges, direct food supplements supply and nutritional support, research, target specified with evidenced-based monitoring. Counseling support and preferential treatment for children visiting ART for treatment were to be included. Conclusion: Combination social protection intervention packages remain the pathway to yielding maximum dividends on any social intervention that seeks to address the vulnerability levels of HIV positive children in Ghana. This should be designed taking into consideration the preference of the main target beneficiaries (HIV positive children) while accounting for the inclusion of the technical expertise of implementing stakeholders in the policy design from conceptualization to evaluation.

The Benefits of Patients’ Information regarding Dietary Habits before Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A 3- and 6-Month Follow-Up

Aim: To evaluate the benefits of counseling intervention related to dietary habits changes on patients following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Materials and Methods: A randomized counseling intervention study, with a 3- and 6-month follow-up was performed on 230 patients who underwent PCI. They were randomly allocated to the intervention (n = 93) or the control group (n = 137). A 3- and 6-month telephone follow-up was performed for dietary habits evaluation. Data analysis was performed by using the statistical package SPSS, ver. 20.?Results: Compared with control group, intervention group had higher prevalence of hypertension, history of diabetes and dyslipidemias and history of acute myocardial infraction, with no statistical difference. Moreover, patients in control group were more likely to be ex-smokers (p = 0.01). Post hoc tests using the Bonferroni correction revealed that mean TCHOL concentration while patients admitted to hospital differed statistically significantly between the time points of 3 and 6 months (209 ± 67 mg/dl vs 174 ± 34 mg/dl vs 176 ± 36 mg/dl), p= 0.005 and p = 0.042 respectively. However, there was no statistical significant difference between 3 months and 6 months measurements. Mean glucose concentration while patients admitted to hospital differed statistically significantly between the time points of 3 and 6 months (108 ± 40 mg/dl vs 95 ± 21 mg/dl vs 95 ± 23 mg/dl), p =0.009 and p = 0.012 respectively. However, there was no significant statistical difference between 3 months and 6 months measurements, (p = 1.000). Conclusion: A nurse-led program regarding dietary habits modifications on patients undergoing PCI should be performed along with a long-term follow up after hospital discharge.

Nursing Effect of Standardized Nursing Intervention in Endoscopic Examination of Patients with Gastric Ulcer Complicated with Diabetes

Objective:To explore the nursing effect of standardized nursing interventions in endoscopic examination of patients with gastric ulcer complicated with diabetes.Methods:90 patients with gastric ulcer complicated with diabetes who were treated in our hospital from May 2018 to May 2019 were selected and randomly divided into 2 groups,each containing 45.The control group received routine nursing,and the observation group performed standardized nursing intervention on the basis of the control group.The control group received conventional nursing,and the observation group performed standardized nursing intervention on the basis of the control group.After nursing,the two groups of patients were compared for their psychological state and nursing satisfaction.Results:After nursing,the HAMD and HAMA scores of the two groups were lower than before the nursing,and the observation group was lower than the control group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion:Standardized nursing intervention can alleviate the negative emotion of endoscopic examination of patients with gastric ulcer complicated with diabetes,which is conducive to the smooth progress of the examination.

Reporting quality evaluation of meta-analyses for cognitive interventions among Alzheimer's dementia

Background:To appraise the reporting quality of systematic reviews as well as meta-analyses of cognitive interventions among Alzheimer's disease using the PRISMA statement,and to investigate the related factors influencing the reporting quality.Method:Web of Science,Pubmed,Embase,Medline,as well as Cochrane Library were searched to collect the systematic reviews as well as meta-analyses of cognitive interventions among Alzheimer's disease from inception to September 17th 2019.The PRISMA statement was used to appraise their reporting quality and investigate the compliance with each PRISMA item.Furthermore,the potential factors affecting the reporting quality were analyzed based on the univariate analysis.Results:Seventeen articles were included.The mean compliance with the PRISMA statement was 74.86% and the standard deviation was 0.13.The univariate analysis indicated that the number of authors(P=0.019)might be a factor affecting the reporting quality.However,the journal impact factor(P=0.133),the number of studies included(P=0.170),the number of databases retrieved(P=0.201),funding report(P=0.228),and original studies(randomized controlled trials only)(P=0.322)might not affect the reporting quality.Conclusion:The overall reporting quality was high,but the compliance with the 11 PRISMA items,such as"structured summary"and"protocol and registration"was low.Future research should focus on adequate reporting of these items in the hope that readers will be better able to discern the accuracy and reliability of relevant information and make correct decisions.

急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者PCI术前后凝血酶激活的纤溶抑制物及蛋白C系统表达差异

目的探讨凝血酶激活的纤溶抑制物、蛋白C及蛋白S在急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者经皮冠状动脉介入手术前后检测的临床价值。方法选取2019年1月至2022年12月在北部战区总医院就诊并于12 h内接受经皮冠状动脉介入术治疗的14例急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者及沈阳平安健康检测中心到访健康体检者,纳入健康对照组(n=14)、术前组(n=14)及术后组(n=14),回顾性分析一般资料及实验室检查结果,分析组间各指标差异。结果健康对照组及术前组在血小板计数、总胆固醇、三酰甘油、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、纤维蛋白原、D-二聚体、活化蛋白C、活化蛋白S、凝血酶激活的纤溶抑制物共10个指标差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术前组和术后组在血小板计数、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、活化部分凝血活酶时间、D-二聚体、活化蛋白C、活化蛋白S、凝血酶激活的纤溶抑制物共7个指标差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论凝血酶激活的纤溶抑制物、活化蛋白C、活化蛋白S、D-二聚体在急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者经皮冠状动脉介入术前后指标浮动灵敏度高,具有临床监测的价值。

基于密度泛函理论的S掺杂碳载体负载Pt催化剂对氧还原反应的影响

采用密度泛函方法对比研究了Pt/C催化剂中碳载体掺S前后对氧还原反应(ORR)的影响。从电荷分布、态密度及d带中心等性质出发,分析了金属-载体间相互作用,研究了ORR各物种在催化剂上的吸附并计算了ORR过电势。结果表明:S掺杂使得碳载体表面发生了电子转移,S上的电子转移到邻近的C原子上,负载Pt纳米颗粒后,Pt金属上的电子转移给了碳载体;Pt在S掺杂碳载体上的吸附更强,形成了Pt—C键和Pt—S键,Pt纳米颗粒的分散度和稳定性得到了提升;掺S使得催化剂d带中心下降,对ORR各中间体的吸附减弱,ORR过电势降低,表明掺S能提高催化剂的催化活性。