Investigation on Static Characteristics of an Axial-Flux Permanent Magnet Machine with Coreless Stator

The static characteristics of an axial-flux permanentmagnet( AFPM) machine with coreless stator were investigated.Two-dimensional analytical method for prediction of the no-load magnetic field in the AFPM machine with coreless stator was derived. Electromotive force( EMF) and axial attraction force were deduced from the analytical method. These values obtained from analytical method were compared with those from finite element method( FEM) and agree well. Finally,a prototype was built for experimental validation and back EMF was measured. The results confirmed the validity of the proposed analytical method.

Feasibility of a New Ironless-stator Axial Flux Permanent Magnet Machine for Aircraft Electric Propulsion Application

With the development of aviation electrification,higher demands for electrical machines are put forward in aircraft electric propulsion systems.The aircraft electric propulsion requirements and propulsion motor features are analyzed in this paper.Comparing with conventional PM machines,ironless stator axial flux permanent magnet(AFPM)machine topologies with Litz wire windings allow designs with higher compactness,lightness and efficiency,which are suitable for high-frequency and high-power density applications.Based on the motor requirements and constraints of aircraft electric propulsion systems,this paper investigates a high-power 1 MW multi-stack ironless stator AFPM machine,which is composed of four 250kW modular motors by stacking in axial.The design guidelines and special attentions are presented,in term of electromagnetic,thermal,and mechanical performance for the high-frequency coils and Halbach-array PM rotor.Finally,an ironless stator AFPM motor is manufactured,tested and evaluated with the consideration of cost and processing cycle.The results show that the output power is up to 53.8kW with 95%efficiency at 9000r/min at this stage.The proposed ironless stator AFPM machine with oil immersed forced cooling proves to be a favorable candidate for application in electric aircraft as propulsion motors.

An Improved Stator Flux Observation Method of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor

The stator flux and electromagnetic torque observation is the basis of direct torque controlled permanent magnet synchronous motor( PMSM) drive system. However,the traditional stator flux observer based on voltage model is affected by integral initial values and integral drift,that based on current model is affected by the parameters of PMSM,so a new stator flux observation method is proposed based on an improved secondorder generalized integrator( SOGI). Compared to the stator flux observation method based on the conventional SOGI,the proposed method can not only overcome the influence of integral initial values and integral drift,but also completely eliminate the DC offset's influence. Therefore,the observation accuracy of stator flux is further improved. The simulation and experimental results both show that the proposed method has a higher stator flux and electromagnetic torque observation precision.

Developing a 3D-FEM Model for Electromagnetic Analysis of an Axial Flux Permanent Magnet Machine

Recently, many optimal designs for axial flux permanent magnet (AFPM) motors were performed based on finite- element (FE) analysis. Most of the models are based on reduction of 3D problem to 2D problem which is not accurate for design aspects. This paper describes an accurate electromagnetic analysis of a surface mounted, 28 pole AFPM with concentrated stator winding. The AFPM is modeled with three-dimensional finite-element method. This model in-cludes all geometrical and physical characteristics of the machine components. Using this accurate modeling makes it possible to obtain demanded signals for a very high precision analysis. Magnetic flux density, back-EMF, magnetic axial force and cogging torque of the motor are simulated using FLUX-3D V10.3.2. Meanwhile, the model is paramet-ric and can be used for design process and sensitivity analysis.

Design of Axial-Flux Motor for Traction Application

This paper deals with the design of high power – low dimensions axial-flux permanent-magnet motor intended for trac-tion application. First, two motor configurations are analytically designed and compared using finite element calcula-tion. Then, the configuration yielding the best performances is integrated and modelled with the whole traction chain under MATLAB/SIMULINK environment in order to demonstrate the motor operation on a large speed band.

Design of a PCB stator coreless axial flux permanent magnet synchronous motor based on a novel topology Halbach array

A novel topology Halbach permanent magnet array is proposed and applied to the design of a printed circuit board(PCB) axial flux permanent magnet(AFPM) motor. Compared with the traditional coreless AFPM motor, this novel topology for a Halbach permanent magnet array PCB stator AFPM motor has larger air-gap magnetic flux density and air-gap flux per pole. The magnetic flux leakage is effectively reduced, and the air-gap magnetic density is close to the sine wave. Results of the finite element analysis and prototype experiments verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the novel Halbach permanent magnet array PCB stator motor. A reference basis and practical value for the design of the PCB AFPM motor are provided.

The Multi-Objective Optimization of AFPM Generators with Double-Sided Internal Stator Structures for Vertical Axis Wind Turbines

The axial flux permanent magnet(AFPM)generator with double-sided internal stator structure is highly suitable for vertical axis wind turbines due to its high power density.The performance of the AFPM generator with double-sided internal stator structure can be improved by the reasonable design of electromagnetic parameters.To further improve the overall performance of the AFPM generator with double-sided internal stator structure,multivariable(coil widthω_(c),permanent magnet thickness h,pole arc coefficient α_(p) and working air gap l_(g))and multi-objective(generator efficiencyη,total harmonic distortion of the voltage THD and induced electromotive force amplitude EMF)functional relationships are innovatively established.Orthogonal analysis,mean analysis and variance analysis are performed on the influence parameters by combining the Taguchi method and response surface methodology to study the influence degrees of each influence parameter on the optimization objectives to determine the most appropriate electromagnetic parameters.The optimization results are verified by 3D finite element analysis.The optimized APFM generator with double-sided internal stator structure exhibits superior economy,stronger magnetic density,higher efficiency and improved power quality.

基于径向气隙磁密和定子电流的永磁同步电机均匀退磁故障诊断研究

该文提出一种基于径向气隙磁密和定子电流的永磁同步电机均匀退磁故障诊断方法。首先,建立电机的d轴等效磁路模型,分析均匀退磁故障后径向气隙磁密的变化规律;然后,获取电机的径向气隙磁密和定子电流信号,对各极下径向气隙磁密幅值进行归一化处理,并绘制雷达图,根据雷达图和比较相同定子电流幅值下健康电机和故障电机的各极下径向气隙磁密幅值的平均值,来诊断均匀退磁故障;利用空载各极下径向气隙磁密幅值的平均值计算故障程度。最后,仿真和实验结果均验证所提均匀退磁故障诊断方法的有效性。

径轴向聚磁型永磁推进电机优化设计与分析

为了进一步实现永磁电机磁负荷和转矩密度的提升,提出了一种径轴向聚磁型永磁推进电机结构,转子永磁体在Halbach径向聚磁结构基础上进一步结合轴向延伸永磁体,实现了永磁磁场的径轴向聚磁。针对该种新型电机,本文详细研究了其结构特点,利用有限元分析了所提电机结构的电磁性能。首先对比分析了定转子等长结构、定转子不等长(overhang)结构输出性能,并对对称型overhang结构进行了参数化优化,有效提升了电机转矩密度。最后,利用三维有限元模型对比分析了径向overhang和径轴向overhang电机的电磁性能,结果发现径轴向overhang电机空载磁密提升了6%、输出转矩增大了1.3%、转矩脉动减少了0.4%,进一步验证了电机性能的优越性。

轴向磁通永磁电机混合冷却结构设计与分析

针对轴向磁通永磁电机损耗大和散热困难的问题,提出了风冷结构和混合冷却结构,其中混合冷却结构由端盖风冷结构和定子水冷结构组成。建立了电机的三维模型,采用流固耦合法对电机进行仿真分析,通过对比两种冷却结构的冷却效果,选择了混合冷却结构作为电机的冷却系统。通过仿真分析了流速对电机温升的影响,并根据仿真结果确定了混合冷却结构最佳的入口风速以及水速,证明了混合冷却结构的有效性,为轴向磁通永磁电机的冷却系统设计提供了一定的参考。

定子结构优化对盘式电机齿槽转矩的影响分析

齿槽转矩会恶化电机性能,为削弱盘式永磁电机齿槽转矩,文章提出了定子偏移和不等定子齿靴两种结构优化方法。首先通过能量法与傅里叶分解推导出轴向电机齿槽转矩公式,进行定子槽口宽度优化得到原模型的最小齿槽转矩;然后用公式推导计算与有限元分析,得到定子偏移结构的偏移角度;最后通过理论分析和仿真计算得到基于最小齿槽转矩的不等定子齿靴扩张宽度比,不等定子齿靴结构可使定子上下两侧的齿槽转矩相互抵消。对比结果表明,不等定子齿靴结构对齿槽转矩削弱效果最好,当扩张宽度比取1.2时,齿槽转矩降低71%。

表贴式轴向磁通电机梯形削极分段结构研究

采用多极少槽结构和分数槽集中绕组可有效提高轴向磁通永磁(AFPM)电机的转矩密度,但磁动势谐波含量较大、频率较高,会引起永磁体涡流损耗增大和温度升高。通过优化表贴式轴向磁通永磁电机的永磁体结构可有效降低永磁体涡流损耗并抑制转矩波动,因此提出梯形削极分段结构。首先,基于精确子域法分别建立不同永磁体结构的解析模型。其次,通过解析模型和三维有限元模型对不同永磁体结构的气隙磁密、输出转矩和涡流损耗进行分析对比。然后,通过研究永磁体分段对永磁体涡流损耗的影响,确定梯形削极分段结构的参数。最后,制造一台样机并进行实验,实验结果证明,梯形削极分段结构可有效降低永磁体涡流损耗并且改善轴向磁通永磁电机输出性能。

新型双定子双凸极可变磁通记忆电机设计与性能比较

结合双凸极结构、双定子和混合永磁体的特点,提出了三种新型双定子双凸极可变磁通记忆电机(DS-DSVFMM)。通过采用高矫顽力和低矫顽力两组永磁体,实现了电机的高转矩密度和在线调磁功能。为了充分利用电机的内部空间,高矫顽力和低矫顽力永磁体以及调磁绕组都被放置在内定子中。建立该电机的简化等效磁路模型,并分析其磁通调节原理和特性;对三种不同结构DS-DSVFMM的调磁能力、负载转矩和抗退磁性能进行了研究和比较。对T形DS-DSVFMM进行加工和测试,并通过实验验证了该电机结构及其有限元分析的正确性。

轴向磁通切换永磁电机研究进展综述

轴向磁通切换永磁电机(ASFPM)结合了轴向磁通永磁电机与磁通切换电机的特征,凭借其轴向长度短、结构紧凑、功率高、转矩密度高、散热方便等优势,在电动汽车、电动飞机、风力发电等领域广泛应用。介绍了ASFPM电机典型拓扑结构,在电机设计与分析方法、齿槽转矩抑制技术、损耗与热性能分析与优化、控制技术、应用分析等方面对国内外研究现状及进展进行综述,并对该类电机当前的应用情况进行整理。基于ASFPM电机的研究现状,对未来的研究方向进行了探讨。

新型Halbach阵列盘式永磁电机的磁场解析

基于印制电路板(PCB)技术的盘式永磁电机(AFPMM)提出一种新型Halbach阵列的转子结构,该阵列结构简单、易于优化。运用矢量磁位法对新型转子产生的空载气隙磁密进行解析推导,获得关于气隙磁场的数学模型。基于该模型,保持永磁体总用量不变,以永磁体极弧系数比和径向长度比作为优化变量,气隙磁密基波幅值和谐波畸变率作为优化目标,确立最优转子结构参数。三维有限元仿真结果表明,解析法所得的气隙磁密波形与有限元法基本一致,验证了所提出解析模型的合理性。与传统Halbach阵列相比,新型Halbach阵列气隙磁密基波幅值提升了10.3%,同时谐波畸变率由19.8%降至4.8%,优化效果明显,可以有效降低高频工况下电机的涡流损耗、提升电机效率。最后制造一台样机进行相关实验测试,验证了解析和仿真分析的正确性,对PCB定子AFPMM的设计具有一定参考价值。

基于转子永磁分段优化的轴向磁通永磁电机涡流损耗分析与试验

轴向磁通永磁电机永磁体中的涡流损耗将使转子温度升高,致使永磁体产生不可逆退磁风险,影响电机的正常运行。该文推导了轴向磁通永磁电机永磁体涡流损耗的数学模型,分析得到永磁体表面涡流路径长度及永磁体表面积对涡流损耗的影响规律;结合理论分析,在永磁体完全分段的基础上,提出了三种永磁体部分分段的优化新方法;利用有限元软件建立了电机有限元分析模型,对永磁体的电流密度分布、涡流损耗、抗退磁能力、静力学强度等进行了仿真分析与比较,获得了较合适的永磁体部分分段数和永磁体保留尺寸。最后制作了样机,测试了电机效率、永磁体磁性能和永磁体温升情况,验证了所提优化方法的有效性及理论分析的准确性。

永磁轮毂电机转矩性能优化研究

在电动汽车中,分布式驱动以其传动效率高、空间占用少及灵活的控制策略被视为未来趋势。轮毂电机作为分布式驱动的核心部件,其设计面临多重挑战,因此如何在有限空间内提高功率和转矩密度、确保可靠性并节省空间,这些问题成为轮毂电机研究的核心方向。现以轴向磁通永磁轮毂电机为研究对象,依据汽车爬坡性能匹配电机转矩和仿真分析输出额定转矩情况,最后通过对定子和转子参数优化,进一步降低电机重量,提升转矩密度。

轴向磁通无铁心永磁电机多层矩形扁线绕组涡流损耗解析计算及优化

轴向磁通无铁心永磁电机的定子为无铁心结构,采用扁线绕制的定子绕组盘,具有槽满率高、平整度好、加工简单等特点。但是相对于圆形导线,矩形扁线具有截面积较大、涡流损耗大的缺点,导致电机损耗偏高、效率偏低。该文根据轴向无铁心电机磁场的三维分布特性,针对矩形扁线涡流损耗分布不均匀的特点,推导了定子无铁心扁线绕组特有的涡流损耗快速计算方法。在此基础上,基于涡流损耗的产生机理并以绕组铜耗最小为优化目标,建立了扁线绕组最优参数的求解公式。采用三维有限元软件仿真及样机测试的方法,验证了涡流损耗解析计算方法的有效性和准确性。结果表明,该文提出的涡流损耗计算公式以及导线参数优化方法可以实现扁线绕组的低损耗及电机的高效率,所得结论可为轴向无铁心电机定子绕组的设计及优化提供理论依据。

电动车用模块化轴向磁通永磁同步电机宽转速范围效率优化控制方法

电动车经常运行在频繁启停、加减速和变负载工况下,宽调速工况下的高效运行是关键问题。该文研究电动车用模块化轴向磁通永磁同步电机的宽转速范围效率优化方法。首先,针对电机模块内定子单元的效率优化问题,提出采用等效损耗电阻在线补偿的损耗最小控制方法,基于损耗模型得到效率最优的控制电流指令值;然后,针对多模块系统的效率优化问题,提出转矩分级优化分配策略,根据模块的效率分布和遗传算法设计电机各模块、模块内各单元的转矩分配方法;最后,通过仿真和实验验证了所提控制方法可以有效降低驱动系统损耗,增加系统高效率区间,提升电动车续航里程。

一种永磁同步电机效率优化控制策略研究

为提升永磁同步电机的效率指标,提出一种基于跟踪微分器的效率优化控制策略,该策略通过建立损耗模型,分析损耗功率与定子磁链的极值关系,在直接转矩控制下重构损耗功率函数,将损耗功率函数的电机参数个数降到最少,利用跟踪微分器来求解永磁同步电机不同运行工况下的最优定子磁链。该控制策略不仅能实现控制系统的全局效率最优,而且具有良好的动态特性和较强的鲁棒性。通过与传统损耗模型控制策略进行仿真实验结果对比分析,验证了所提控制策略的有效性。