The coupling effect of nutrient solution EC （electrical conductivity） levels and CR （circulation rate） on the morphology and quality, in hydroponically grown lettuce was assessed. Lettuce was grown at 5 treatments...The coupling effect of nutrient solution EC （electrical conductivity） levels and CR （circulation rate） on the morphology and quality, in hydroponically grown lettuce was assessed. Lettuce was grown at 5 treatments fi＇om High EC ＆ Low CR to Low EC ＆ High CR. The environmental parameters were controlled in a 20 m^2 plant factory during the hydroponic cultivation with the following values： irradiated by blue and red light-emitting diode lighting with PPFD （photosynthetic photon flux density） value of 150 mol·m^-2·s^-1 for 16 hours per day; Temperature was maintained at 22.0 ℃ during the photoperiod and 16.0 ℃ in dark cycle. The results demonstrate that growing lettuce can be adopted using nutrient solution with lower EC levels and higher CR. The results also indicate that the effect of bi-directional coupled EC and CR resulted in expansion of root length but reducing the root biomass. Nitrate content was significantly reduced.展开更多
BACKGROUND The indwelling nasogastric tube is commonly used for supplying enteral nutrition to patients who are unable to feed themselves,and accurate positioning is essential in the indwelling nasogastric tube in the...BACKGROUND The indwelling nasogastric tube is commonly used for supplying enteral nutrition to patients who are unable to feed themselves,and accurate positioning is essential in the indwelling nasogastric tube in the body of the aforementioned patients.In clinical practice,abdominal radiography,auscultation,and clinical determination of the pH of the gastric juice are routinely used by medical personnel to determine the position of the tube;however,those treatments have proved limitations in specific cases.There are few case reports on the precise positioning of the nasogastric tube in patients with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),for whom a supply of necessary nutrition support is significant throughout the process of treatment.CASE SUMMARY A 79-year-old patient,diagnosed with COVID-19 at the stage of combined syndromes with severe bacterial lung infection,respiratory failure,multiple comorbidities,and a poor nutritional status,was presented to us and required an indwelling nasogastric tube for enteral nutrition support.After pre-treatment assessments including observation of the patient’s nasal feeding status and examination of the nasal septal deviation,inflammation,obstruction,nasal leakage of cerebrospinal fluid,and other disorders that might render intubation inappropriate,we measured and marked the length of the nasogastric tube to be placed and delivered the tube to the intended length in the standard manner.Then further scrutiny was conducted to ensure that the tube was not coiled in the mouth,and gentle movements were made to avoid damage to the esophageal mucosa.However,back draw of the gastric juice using an empty needle failed,and the stethoscope could not be used for auscultation due to the specific condition presented by the internal organs of the patient,and the end of the tube was placed in saline with no bubbles spilling out.Therefore,it was not possible to determine whether the nasogastric tube was placed exactly in the stomach and no nutrient infusion was performed for the time being.Subsequently,the ultrasound probe was utilized to view the condition of the patient’s stomach,where the nasogastric tube was found to be translucent and running parallel to the esophagus shaped as“=”.The pre-conditions were achieved and 100 mL nutritional fluid was fed to the patient,who did not experience any discomfort throughout the procedure.His vital signs were stable with no adverse effects.CONCLUSION We achieved successfully used ultrasound to position the nasogastric tube in a 79-year-old patient with COVID-19.The repeatable ultrasound application does not involve radiation and causes less disturbance in the neck,making it advantageous for rapid positioning of the nasogastric tube and worthy of clinical promotion and application.展开更多
This paper puts emphasis on how to arrange the stock and supply to the customer rationally under the VMI tactics. Having considered the supplier＇s delivery expenses, memory expenses and loss in short supply in model,...This paper puts emphasis on how to arrange the stock and supply to the customer rationally under the VMI tactics. Having considered the supplier＇s delivery expenses, memory expenses and loss in short supply in model, the minimum total cost goal model of supply chain has been put forward using method of storing theory to charge example test the method of solving and analyzing the conclusion to propose.展开更多
Background:Enteral nutrition(EN)is an important treatment for burn patients.However,severe gastrointestinal damage caused by major burns often leads to EN intolerance.Trophic EN solves this problem basically,but how t...Background:Enteral nutrition(EN)is an important treatment for burn patients.However,severe gastrointestinal damage caused by major burns often leads to EN intolerance.Trophic EN solves this problem basically,but how to transition from trophic EN to standard EN smoothly is still a challenge in burn clinical nutrition.The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of EN with different energy supplies on metabolic changes,organ damage and prognosis in burned rats.Methods:Different feeding regimens were designed based on the continuous monitoring of resting energy expenditure in rats.Thirty-two Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a normal control group,burn+50%REE group,burn+75%REE group and burn+100%REE group.At the end of a nutritional treatment cycle(14th day),nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy,blood biochemistry analysis and quantification of subscab bacteria were performed to explore the differences in metabolic changes,degrees of organ damage and prognoses between the groups.Results:Sixteen metabolites involving seven metabolic pathways were identified from the different energy supply groups.After burn injury,resting energy consumption and body weight loss increased obviously.Meanwhile,weight loss was inversely related to energy supply.The greatest changes in the degree of organ damage,the level of plasma proteins,lipids and endotoxins,as well as the quantification of subscab bacteria were observed in the 50%REE group,followed by the 75 and 100%groups.Conclusions:Achieving an early balance between energy supply and expenditure is conducive to mitigating metabolic disorders and improving prognosis after burn injury.展开更多
Hospitalized patients affected by coronavirus disease 19(COVID-19)have a sustained pro-inflammatory state and recurrent gastrointestinal symptoms that correlate with a decline in the nutritional status,which is direct...Hospitalized patients affected by coronavirus disease 19(COVID-19)have a sustained pro-inflammatory state and recurrent gastrointestinal symptoms that correlate with a decline in the nutritional status,which is directly related to poor immune response and clinical evolution.Nutritional therapy has proven crucial in COVID-19 treatment through the provision of adequate amounts of nutrients.Since the beginning of the pandemic,medical societies have mobilized to provide practical nutritional guidelines to support decision-making;despite this,there are only a few studies dedicated to compiling the most relevant recommendations.In this narrative review,we aimed to summarize and stratify the current scientific literature on nutritional support for hospitalized COVID-19 patients.We carried out a literature review from three databases between January 2020 and July 2021,using nutrition therapy(or medical nutrition or enteral nutrition or parental nutrition or nutritional support)and COVID-19(SARS-CoV-2 infection)as the search terms.Only those studies that evaluated adult hospitalized patients with admissions to wards,specific clinics,or intensive care units were included.The nutritional intervention considered was that of specific nutritional support via oral,enteral,or parenteral modes.A total of 37 articles were included.In general,the nutritional care provided to COVID-19 patients follows the same premises as for other patients,i.e.,it opts for the most physiological route and meets nutritional demands based on the clinical condition.However,some protocols that minimize the risk of contamination exposure for the health team have to be considered.Energy requirements varied from 15 kcal/kg/day to 30 kcal/kg/day and protein goals from 1.2 g/kg/day to 2 g/kg/day.In both cases,the ramp protocol for increased supply should be considered.In cases of enteral therapy,ready-to-use diet and continuous mode are recommended.Attention to refeeding syndrome is essential when parenteral nutrition is used.展开更多
文摘The coupling effect of nutrient solution EC （electrical conductivity） levels and CR （circulation rate） on the morphology and quality, in hydroponically grown lettuce was assessed. Lettuce was grown at 5 treatments fi＇om High EC ＆ Low CR to Low EC ＆ High CR. The environmental parameters were controlled in a 20 m^2 plant factory during the hydroponic cultivation with the following values： irradiated by blue and red light-emitting diode lighting with PPFD （photosynthetic photon flux density） value of 150 mol·m^-2·s^-1 for 16 hours per day; Temperature was maintained at 22.0 ℃ during the photoperiod and 16.0 ℃ in dark cycle. The results demonstrate that growing lettuce can be adopted using nutrient solution with lower EC levels and higher CR. The results also indicate that the effect of bi-directional coupled EC and CR resulted in expansion of root length but reducing the root biomass. Nitrate content was significantly reduced.
基金Supported by Chongqing Medical Scientific Research Project,No.2020FYYX046。
文摘BACKGROUND The indwelling nasogastric tube is commonly used for supplying enteral nutrition to patients who are unable to feed themselves,and accurate positioning is essential in the indwelling nasogastric tube in the body of the aforementioned patients.In clinical practice,abdominal radiography,auscultation,and clinical determination of the pH of the gastric juice are routinely used by medical personnel to determine the position of the tube;however,those treatments have proved limitations in specific cases.There are few case reports on the precise positioning of the nasogastric tube in patients with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),for whom a supply of necessary nutrition support is significant throughout the process of treatment.CASE SUMMARY A 79-year-old patient,diagnosed with COVID-19 at the stage of combined syndromes with severe bacterial lung infection,respiratory failure,multiple comorbidities,and a poor nutritional status,was presented to us and required an indwelling nasogastric tube for enteral nutrition support.After pre-treatment assessments including observation of the patient’s nasal feeding status and examination of the nasal septal deviation,inflammation,obstruction,nasal leakage of cerebrospinal fluid,and other disorders that might render intubation inappropriate,we measured and marked the length of the nasogastric tube to be placed and delivered the tube to the intended length in the standard manner.Then further scrutiny was conducted to ensure that the tube was not coiled in the mouth,and gentle movements were made to avoid damage to the esophageal mucosa.However,back draw of the gastric juice using an empty needle failed,and the stethoscope could not be used for auscultation due to the specific condition presented by the internal organs of the patient,and the end of the tube was placed in saline with no bubbles spilling out.Therefore,it was not possible to determine whether the nasogastric tube was placed exactly in the stomach and no nutrient infusion was performed for the time being.Subsequently,the ultrasound probe was utilized to view the condition of the patient’s stomach,where the nasogastric tube was found to be translucent and running parallel to the esophagus shaped as“=”.The pre-conditions were achieved and 100 mL nutritional fluid was fed to the patient,who did not experience any discomfort throughout the procedure.His vital signs were stable with no adverse effects.CONCLUSION We achieved successfully used ultrasound to position the nasogastric tube in a 79-year-old patient with COVID-19.The repeatable ultrasound application does not involve radiation and causes less disturbance in the neck,making it advantageous for rapid positioning of the nasogastric tube and worthy of clinical promotion and application.
文摘This paper puts emphasis on how to arrange the stock and supply to the customer rationally under the VMI tactics. Having considered the supplier＇s delivery expenses, memory expenses and loss in short supply in model, the minimum total cost goal model of supply chain has been put forward using method of storing theory to charge example test the method of solving and analyzing the conclusion to propose.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81971838)Clinical Research Foundation of TMMU(No.2018XLC2006)Innovative Leading Talents Project of Chongqing(NO.CQYC20210303286).
文摘Background:Enteral nutrition(EN)is an important treatment for burn patients.However,severe gastrointestinal damage caused by major burns often leads to EN intolerance.Trophic EN solves this problem basically,but how to transition from trophic EN to standard EN smoothly is still a challenge in burn clinical nutrition.The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of EN with different energy supplies on metabolic changes,organ damage and prognosis in burned rats.Methods:Different feeding regimens were designed based on the continuous monitoring of resting energy expenditure in rats.Thirty-two Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a normal control group,burn+50%REE group,burn+75%REE group and burn+100%REE group.At the end of a nutritional treatment cycle(14th day),nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy,blood biochemistry analysis and quantification of subscab bacteria were performed to explore the differences in metabolic changes,degrees of organ damage and prognoses between the groups.Results:Sixteen metabolites involving seven metabolic pathways were identified from the different energy supply groups.After burn injury,resting energy consumption and body weight loss increased obviously.Meanwhile,weight loss was inversely related to energy supply.The greatest changes in the degree of organ damage,the level of plasma proteins,lipids and endotoxins,as well as the quantification of subscab bacteria were observed in the 50%REE group,followed by the 75 and 100%groups.Conclusions:Achieving an early balance between energy supply and expenditure is conducive to mitigating metabolic disorders and improving prognosis after burn injury.
文摘Hospitalized patients affected by coronavirus disease 19(COVID-19)have a sustained pro-inflammatory state and recurrent gastrointestinal symptoms that correlate with a decline in the nutritional status,which is directly related to poor immune response and clinical evolution.Nutritional therapy has proven crucial in COVID-19 treatment through the provision of adequate amounts of nutrients.Since the beginning of the pandemic,medical societies have mobilized to provide practical nutritional guidelines to support decision-making;despite this,there are only a few studies dedicated to compiling the most relevant recommendations.In this narrative review,we aimed to summarize and stratify the current scientific literature on nutritional support for hospitalized COVID-19 patients.We carried out a literature review from three databases between January 2020 and July 2021,using nutrition therapy(or medical nutrition or enteral nutrition or parental nutrition or nutritional support)and COVID-19(SARS-CoV-2 infection)as the search terms.Only those studies that evaluated adult hospitalized patients with admissions to wards,specific clinics,or intensive care units were included.The nutritional intervention considered was that of specific nutritional support via oral,enteral,or parenteral modes.A total of 37 articles were included.In general,the nutritional care provided to COVID-19 patients follows the same premises as for other patients,i.e.,it opts for the most physiological route and meets nutritional demands based on the clinical condition.However,some protocols that minimize the risk of contamination exposure for the health team have to be considered.Energy requirements varied from 15 kcal/kg/day to 30 kcal/kg/day and protein goals from 1.2 g/kg/day to 2 g/kg/day.In both cases,the ramp protocol for increased supply should be considered.In cases of enteral therapy,ready-to-use diet and continuous mode are recommended.Attention to refeeding syndrome is essential when parenteral nutrition is used.
