The following article is about the historical overview of the Persian literature and the emergence and development of the short story as a literary genre and its prominent role in the modem literature of Iran. It disc...The following article is about the historical overview of the Persian literature and the emergence and development of the short story as a literary genre and its prominent role in the modem literature of Iran. It discusses the origin of the short story in general and preconditions for the popularity of the new genre the Iranian literature of the 20th century, and also about the first successful collection of short stories that introduced it to the public. Also the development process of the short story and principle factors in every stage of its emergence as an independent genre of prose, as well as the thematic range are the main aspects among others to be analyzed in the article. It is historically documented that the Islamic state was established in 1979 after the fall of the Shah. And the very event had big impact not only on the social and political life of the country, but also on the cultural and literary life of the Iranians of the time. The significance of the revolution was such that it divided the literature to be known as the ＂pre-revolution＂ and ＂post-revolution＂ periods. Therefore this article is aimed to observe how this historic event had influenced the short story in particular and the distinct features of the works created during the two periods. The next period which stands out in the development of the short story is during the late 90s and the beginning of the 2000, where the genre experienced aesthetic innovations and experiments with new forms and styles. The distinct feature of the period is mainly in its topics it deals, among other the effects of the globalization and popular culture brought forth, isolated individual, urbanization, climate change and its destructive outcome and the social conflicts resulting from them. Such global issues caused the established writers to look out of their borders and open up to the concerns of the planet, and by doing so establishing new schools of thought and style among the writers of short story in modem Iranian literature. Finally the article will overview the role of the Iranian contemporary female short story writers, children＇s literature and the works of the immigrant Iranian authors that continue the traditions of the Persian literature outside Irma.展开更多
Father of modern Chinese literature,Lu Xun,is the first writer to use the vernacular to write fiction.In his short stories,he exposes the crimes of feudalism and describes the plight of the peasants,who have been econ...Father of modern Chinese literature,Lu Xun,is the first writer to use the vernacular to write fiction.In his short stories,he exposes the crimes of feudalism and describes the plight of the peasants,who have been economically exploited and spiritually enslaved.He also depicts the fate of the intellectuals who struggle in the intense social contradictions.His fiction has laid a solid foundation for the development of modern Chinese fiction.Lu Xun has created almost all the new forms for Chinese new literature,and enjoys the most prominent status in the Chinese literary development in the 20th century.His writings reflect the great achievements of the literary reform since the May Fourth Movement.展开更多
Ftom June to July in 2006,I joined the documentary group organized by CCTV and Beijing Mt.Ling Ecological Research Institute to visit several native forest areas in Yadong,Kyirong,Menling,Nyingchi,and Pome in order to...Ftom June to July in 2006,I joined the documentary group organized by CCTV and Beijing Mt.Ling Ecological Research Institute to visit several native forest areas in Yadong,Kyirong,Menling,Nyingchi,and Pome in order to conduct a field survey regarding the activities of man-like creatures.展开更多
文摘The following article is about the historical overview of the Persian literature and the emergence and development of the short story as a literary genre and its prominent role in the modem literature of Iran. It discusses the origin of the short story in general and preconditions for the popularity of the new genre the Iranian literature of the 20th century, and also about the first successful collection of short stories that introduced it to the public. Also the development process of the short story and principle factors in every stage of its emergence as an independent genre of prose, as well as the thematic range are the main aspects among others to be analyzed in the article. It is historically documented that the Islamic state was established in 1979 after the fall of the Shah. And the very event had big impact not only on the social and political life of the country, but also on the cultural and literary life of the Iranians of the time. The significance of the revolution was such that it divided the literature to be known as the ＂pre-revolution＂ and ＂post-revolution＂ periods. Therefore this article is aimed to observe how this historic event had influenced the short story in particular and the distinct features of the works created during the two periods. The next period which stands out in the development of the short story is during the late 90s and the beginning of the 2000, where the genre experienced aesthetic innovations and experiments with new forms and styles. The distinct feature of the period is mainly in its topics it deals, among other the effects of the globalization and popular culture brought forth, isolated individual, urbanization, climate change and its destructive outcome and the social conflicts resulting from them. Such global issues caused the established writers to look out of their borders and open up to the concerns of the planet, and by doing so establishing new schools of thought and style among the writers of short story in modem Iranian literature. Finally the article will overview the role of the Iranian contemporary female short story writers, children＇s literature and the works of the immigrant Iranian authors that continue the traditions of the Persian literature outside Irma.
文摘Father of modern Chinese literature,Lu Xun,is the first writer to use the vernacular to write fiction.In his short stories,he exposes the crimes of feudalism and describes the plight of the peasants,who have been economically exploited and spiritually enslaved.He also depicts the fate of the intellectuals who struggle in the intense social contradictions.His fiction has laid a solid foundation for the development of modern Chinese fiction.Lu Xun has created almost all the new forms for Chinese new literature,and enjoys the most prominent status in the Chinese literary development in the 20th century.His writings reflect the great achievements of the literary reform since the May Fourth Movement.
文摘Ftom June to July in 2006,I joined the documentary group organized by CCTV and Beijing Mt.Ling Ecological Research Institute to visit several native forest areas in Yadong,Kyirong,Menling,Nyingchi,and Pome in order to conduct a field survey regarding the activities of man-like creatures.
