Primary impairments of developmental coordination disorder (DCD) include impairments in motor skill, motor learning, and imitation. Such difficulties present challenges for individuals with DCD and may persist into ad...Primary impairments of developmental coordination disorder (DCD) include impairments in motor skill, motor learning, and imitation. Such difficulties present challenges for individuals with DCD and may persist into adulthood, negatively impacting daily life in school, work, and social domains. A better understanding of the neural correlates of motor and imitation impairments in DCD holds the potential for informing development of treatment approaches to address these impairments. Although the disorder is assumed to be of neurological origin, little is known of the brain-based etiology of DCD. In recent years the discovery of a fronto-parietal circuit—known as the mirror neuron system—has enabled researchers to better understand imitation, general motor functions, and aspects of social cognition. Given its involvement in imitation and other motor functions, we propose that dysfunction in the mirror neuron system may underlie the characteristic impairments of DCD. We review literature pertaining to the mirror neuron system and develop a theory of disordered mirror neuron functioning in DCD. Finally, we review the limited neuroimaging literature available on neural correlates of DCD and show that the findings from those investigations are congruent with a mirror neuron system theory of DCD. Future research in this population should be designed to investigate specifically mirror neuron regions in individuals with DCD during skilled motor tasks and imitation in particular.展开更多
Functional MRI was used to map the brains of subjects on-line during the process of media training for the acquisition and improvement of self-regulation mechanisms. The temporal and spatial dynamics of the new neural...Functional MRI was used to map the brains of subjects on-line during the process of media training for the acquisition and improvement of self-regulation mechanisms. The temporal and spatial dynamics of the new neural network formation were studied in real and simulated (false) biofeedback game, and their qualitative characteristics were discussed. It has been shown that immersion into a virtual competitive game, controlled by physiological responses, causes a wide involvement of the cortices, characterized by a high volume of activation in the mid-temporal, occipital and frontal areas, the cuneus and the precuneus. In both forms of media training, high values of activation volume were identified in the cerebellar structures.展开更多
In the situation of inadequate vaccines and rapid mutation of virulent strains, alternative health interventions play a crucial role in the containment of emerging epidemics. This study elucidates the critical aspects...In the situation of inadequate vaccines and rapid mutation of virulent strains, alternative health interventions play a crucial role in the containment of emerging epidemics. This study elucidates the critical aspects of health interventions to control epidemic resurgence. Besides, human behavioral response to epidemics plays an instrumental role in bringing the success of control efforts. The appearance of multi-strain epidemics has become a global health concern that requires special attention. Here, we introduce a novel mean-field epidemic game approach to predict the evolutionary dynamics of flu-like epidemics having multiple disease strains. Our model illustrates the importance of multiple provisions alongside their timely execution for better disease attenuation. In addition to vaccination, we introduce self-protection as a potential alternative that yields safeguard against either strain. Both these imperfect provisions render better efficacy against primary (resident) strain than secondary (mutant) to contain epidemic transmission. The simulation-backed model analysis further sheds some light on the crucial impacts of control interventions to limit the invasion of virulent strains from qualitative and quantitative viewpoints. It explicates how vaccination and self-protection complement each other as per situation demands. Our full-fledged theoretical approach further illustrates the dynamic trade-off between the cost and efficacy of a certain intervention. We confirm that the disease dies out when the basic reproduction number of individual strains is less than one and becomes endemic if it is greater than one. Finally, the model addresses the evolutionary consequences when mutation takes place from primary to secondary strain. Some impressive facts while employing dual provisions have been reinforced using a game-theoretic framework.展开更多
目的:研究镜像神经元康复策略(Mirror Neuron System,MNS)联合经颅磁刺激(Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation,TMS)对卒中后神经与功能康复的作用。方法:选取2019年1月至2023年6月某部队康复中心收治的198例卒中后遗留有运动功能障碍患...目的:研究镜像神经元康复策略(Mirror Neuron System,MNS)联合经颅磁刺激(Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation,TMS)对卒中后神经与功能康复的作用。方法:选取2019年1月至2023年6月某部队康复中心收治的198例卒中后遗留有运动功能障碍患者,采用随机数字表法分为三组,各66例。三组均给予常规康复指导,磁刺激组给予TMS治疗,镜像组给予MNS治疗,联合组给予TMS+MNS治疗。比较三组干预前、干预2周后、干预4周后神经功能(NIHSS)、上下肢运动功能(FMA)、日常生活能力(ADL)、平衡能力(BBS)、上肢与下肢肌张力(MAS)、健患侧步长差、患侧负重时间百分比及语言功能。结果:联合组干预2周、4周后NIHSS评分低于磁刺激组、镜像组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),磁刺激组、镜像组组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);联合组干预2周、4周后FMA-上肢、FMA-下肢评分高于磁刺激组、镜像组,且镜像组高于磁刺激组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);联合组干预2周、4周后ADL评分、BBS评分高于磁刺激组、镜像组,且镜像组高于磁刺激组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);联合组干预4周后上肢和下肢MAS分级0~1级患者占比高于磁刺激组、镜像组,且磁刺激组高于镜像组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);联合组干预2周、4周后健患侧步长差低于磁刺激组、镜像组,患侧负重时间百分比高于磁刺激组、镜像组,且镜像组变化幅度大于磁刺激组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);联合组干预2周、4周后语言功能中阅读理解、复述、流畅度、命名评分高于磁刺激组、镜像组,且磁刺激组高于镜像组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:MNS联合TMS能促进卒中后神经与功能康复,有利于改善患者日常生活能力,且二者各有优势,互相补充,联合治疗效果显著,值得临床推广。展开更多
文摘Primary impairments of developmental coordination disorder (DCD) include impairments in motor skill, motor learning, and imitation. Such difficulties present challenges for individuals with DCD and may persist into adulthood, negatively impacting daily life in school, work, and social domains. A better understanding of the neural correlates of motor and imitation impairments in DCD holds the potential for informing development of treatment approaches to address these impairments. Although the disorder is assumed to be of neurological origin, little is known of the brain-based etiology of DCD. In recent years the discovery of a fronto-parietal circuit—known as the mirror neuron system—has enabled researchers to better understand imitation, general motor functions, and aspects of social cognition. Given its involvement in imitation and other motor functions, we propose that dysfunction in the mirror neuron system may underlie the characteristic impairments of DCD. We review literature pertaining to the mirror neuron system and develop a theory of disordered mirror neuron functioning in DCD. Finally, we review the limited neuroimaging literature available on neural correlates of DCD and show that the findings from those investigations are congruent with a mirror neuron system theory of DCD. Future research in this population should be designed to investigate specifically mirror neuron regions in individuals with DCD during skilled motor tasks and imitation in particular.
文摘Functional MRI was used to map the brains of subjects on-line during the process of media training for the acquisition and improvement of self-regulation mechanisms. The temporal and spatial dynamics of the new neural network formation were studied in real and simulated (false) biofeedback game, and their qualitative characteristics were discussed. It has been shown that immersion into a virtual competitive game, controlled by physiological responses, causes a wide involvement of the cortices, characterized by a high volume of activation in the mid-temporal, occipital and frontal areas, the cuneus and the precuneus. In both forms of media training, high values of activation volume were identified in the cerebellar structures.
文摘In the situation of inadequate vaccines and rapid mutation of virulent strains, alternative health interventions play a crucial role in the containment of emerging epidemics. This study elucidates the critical aspects of health interventions to control epidemic resurgence. Besides, human behavioral response to epidemics plays an instrumental role in bringing the success of control efforts. The appearance of multi-strain epidemics has become a global health concern that requires special attention. Here, we introduce a novel mean-field epidemic game approach to predict the evolutionary dynamics of flu-like epidemics having multiple disease strains. Our model illustrates the importance of multiple provisions alongside their timely execution for better disease attenuation. In addition to vaccination, we introduce self-protection as a potential alternative that yields safeguard against either strain. Both these imperfect provisions render better efficacy against primary (resident) strain than secondary (mutant) to contain epidemic transmission. The simulation-backed model analysis further sheds some light on the crucial impacts of control interventions to limit the invasion of virulent strains from qualitative and quantitative viewpoints. It explicates how vaccination and self-protection complement each other as per situation demands. Our full-fledged theoretical approach further illustrates the dynamic trade-off between the cost and efficacy of a certain intervention. We confirm that the disease dies out when the basic reproduction number of individual strains is less than one and becomes endemic if it is greater than one. Finally, the model addresses the evolutionary consequences when mutation takes place from primary to secondary strain. Some impressive facts while employing dual provisions have been reinforced using a game-theoretic framework.
文摘目的:研究镜像神经元康复策略(Mirror Neuron System,MNS)联合经颅磁刺激(Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation,TMS)对卒中后神经与功能康复的作用。方法:选取2019年1月至2023年6月某部队康复中心收治的198例卒中后遗留有运动功能障碍患者,采用随机数字表法分为三组,各66例。三组均给予常规康复指导,磁刺激组给予TMS治疗,镜像组给予MNS治疗,联合组给予TMS+MNS治疗。比较三组干预前、干预2周后、干预4周后神经功能(NIHSS)、上下肢运动功能(FMA)、日常生活能力(ADL)、平衡能力(BBS)、上肢与下肢肌张力(MAS)、健患侧步长差、患侧负重时间百分比及语言功能。结果:联合组干预2周、4周后NIHSS评分低于磁刺激组、镜像组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),磁刺激组、镜像组组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);联合组干预2周、4周后FMA-上肢、FMA-下肢评分高于磁刺激组、镜像组,且镜像组高于磁刺激组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);联合组干预2周、4周后ADL评分、BBS评分高于磁刺激组、镜像组,且镜像组高于磁刺激组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);联合组干预4周后上肢和下肢MAS分级0~1级患者占比高于磁刺激组、镜像组,且磁刺激组高于镜像组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);联合组干预2周、4周后健患侧步长差低于磁刺激组、镜像组,患侧负重时间百分比高于磁刺激组、镜像组,且镜像组变化幅度大于磁刺激组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);联合组干预2周、4周后语言功能中阅读理解、复述、流畅度、命名评分高于磁刺激组、镜像组,且磁刺激组高于镜像组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:MNS联合TMS能促进卒中后神经与功能康复,有利于改善患者日常生活能力,且二者各有优势,互相补充,联合治疗效果显著,值得临床推广。
