Approach for analyzing the ultimate strength of concrete filled steel tubular arch bridges with stiffening girder

A convenient approach is proposed for analyzing the ultimate load carrying capacity of concrete filled steel tubular (CFST) arch bridge with stiffening girders. A fiber model beam element is specially used to simulate the stiffening girder and CFST arch rib. The geometric nonlinearity, material nonlinearity, influence of the construction process and the contribution of prestressing reinforcement are all taken into consideration. The accuracy of this method is validated by comparing its results with experimental results. Finally, the ultimate strength of an abnormal CFST arch bridge with stiffening girders is investigated and the effect of construction method is discussed. It is concluded that the construction process has little effect on the ultimate strength of the bridge.

Concrete-Filled Steel Tube Arch Bridges in China

In the past 20 years, great progress has been achieved in China in the construction of concrete-filled steel tube （CFST） arch bridges and concrete arch bridges with a CFST skeleton. The span of these bridges has been increasing rapidly, which is rare in the history of bridge development. The large-scale construction of expressways and high-speed railways demands the development of long-span arch bridges, and advances in design and construction techniques have made it possible to construct such bridges. In the present study, the current status, development, and major innovative technologies of CFST arch bridges and concrete arch bridges with a CFST skeleton in China are elaborated. This paper covers the key con- struction technologies of CFST arch bridges, such as the design, manufacture, and installation of steel tube arch trusses, the preparation and pouring of in-tube concrete, and the construction of the world＇s longest CFST arch bridge-the First Hejiang Yangtze River Bridge. The main construction technologies of rein- forced concrete arch bridges are also presented, which include cable-stayed fastening-hanging cantilever assembly, adjusting the load by means of stay cables, surrounding the concrete for arch rib pouring, and so forth. In addition, the construction of two CFST skeleton concrete arch bridges-the Guangxi Yongning Yong River Bridge and the Yunnan-Guangxi Railway Nanpan River Bridge--is discussed. CFST arch bridges in China have already gained a world-leading position; with the continuous innovation of key technologies, China will become the new leader in promoting the development of arch bridges.

Research on stress concentration at tubular joints in concrete filled steel tubular truss arch bridge

In this paper stresses at joints forming by hollow steel tube and concrete filled steel tube （CFST） are calculated, analyzed and compared. It is founded that the stress concentration at joints of CFST is a quite different from that of hollow steel tube. A conclusion can be made that analysis of fatigue at the joints of CFST truss arch bridge can not apply the results developed from analyzing at joints of hollow steel tube in marine structure.

Numerical Simulation Analysis of Welded Joints in Arch Ribs of Large Span Steel Pipe Arch Bridges

In order to study the residual stress distribution law of welded joints of arch ribs of large-span steel pipe concrete arch bridges,numerical simulation of temperature,stress and strain fields based on ABAQUS for welded joints of arch-ribbed steel tubes using 7-,8-and 9-layer welds is carried out and its accuracy is demonstrated.The steel pipe welding temperature changes,residual stress distribution,different processes residual stress changes in the law,the prediction of post-weld residual stress distribution and deformation are studied in this paper.The results show that the temperature field values and test results are more consistent with the accuracy of numerical simulation of welding,the welding process is mainly in the form of heat transfer;Residual high stresses are predominantly distributed in the Fusion zone(FZ)and Heat-affected zone(HAZ),with residual stress levels tending to decrease from the center of the weld along the axial path,the maximum stress appears in the FZ and HAZ junction;The number of welding layers has an effect on the residual stress distribution,the number of welding layers increases,the residual stress tends to decrease,while the FZ and HAZ high stress area range shrinks;Increasing the number of plies will increase the amount of residual distortion.

Seismic behavior of concrete filled steel tubular arch structures

Shaking table tests of a 1:10 scale arch model performed to investigate the seismic behavior and resistance of concrete filled steel tubular (CFT) arch structures are described in this paper. The El-Centro record and Shanghai artificial wave were adopted as the input excitation. The entire test process can be divided into three stages depending on the lateral brace configurations, i.e., fully (five) braced, two braces removed, and all braces removed. A total of 46 tests, starting from the elastic state to failure condition, have been conducted. The natural vibration frequencies, responses of acceleration, displacement and strain were measured. From the test results, it is demonstrated that the CFT arch structures are capable of resisting severe ground motions and that CFT arches offer a credible alternative to reinforced concrete arches, especially in regions of high seismic intensity.

Expansive Performance of Self-stressing and Self-compacting Concrete Confined with Steel Tube

Combining with the technology of self-compacting concrete, self-stressing concrete and concrete-filled steel tube, we can get self-compacting and self-stressing concrete-filled steel tube. In order to study the expansive mechanism of self-stressing concrete, the continuous observation of 47 days on six specimens was carried on. The specimens have different steel area to concrete area ratio. The expansive process in hoop and axial direction were studied, and the expansive mechanism was discussed too. The experimental results identify that the creep and elastic deformation take a large proportion in effective free expansion. The calculating formulas of self-stress in hoop and axial directions were presented here.

瓮马铁路乌江特大桥设计关键技术研究

新建瓮马铁路乌江特大桥跨越两山之间深谷,地形复杂、设计难度大。为研究该桥梁方案,首先阐述了主桥的方案构思和结构设计,然后通过空间有限元软件对本桥进行静、动力仿真分析,总结了大跨铁路劲性骨架混凝土拱桥构造和受力特性。结果表明:主跨337 m上承式劲性骨架混凝土拱桥具有刚度大、徐变小、后期养护维修工作量小等优点,主拱圈采用小矢跨比设计,兼顾安全、经济、环保和美观,能够满足铁路桥梁跨越山区“V”形峡谷的要求;主拱圈由劲性钢管混凝土骨架外包C55无收缩混凝土构成,通过分层分段浇筑方案改善拱圈各构件的内力;拱上结合梁采用两片工字形钢与混凝土桥面板相结合的形式,钢梁栓焊结合,便于制造、运输和施工;拱座采用梯形断面扩大基础,基础开挖永临结合,有效降低施工风险;数值分析表明该桥结构的刚度、强度、稳定性均能满足规范要求,能够满足客货共线铁路的安全性和乘坐舒适性要求。可为其他山区铁路桥梁桥式研究提供参考。

配筋空心圆钢管高强混凝土轴压短柱工作机理分析

目的 提出一种配筋空心圆钢管高强混凝土新型组合柱,分析其在轴向荷载作用下的工作机理,以解决空心钢管混凝土柱空心率较大和延性差等问题。方法 对配筋空心圆钢管高强混凝土短柱进行轴压试验,利用ABAQUS有限元分析软件建立组合柱的有限元模型,以试验结果验证有限元模型的准确性。对组合柱的受力工作机理进行分析,重点研究其在轴向荷载作用下的受力过程、各组分分担内力比例和应力状态。结果 与空心圆钢管高强混凝土柱相比,未配置普通钢筋的试件峰值承载力提升了6.37%、DI提高了6.64%、SI提高了3.59%,配置普通钢筋的试件峰值承载力提升了13.31%、DI提高了8.12%、SI提高了5.68%。整个受力过程中,管柱混凝土和夹层混凝土承载的内力比例分别为36.2%~39.7%和29.0%~30.6%。结论 配置普通钢筋的试件具有更高的承载能力和延性能力;夹层混凝土和管柱混凝土在加载过程中为主要受力组分;钢筋在加载前期基本不承担内力,进入塑性强化阶段才开始发挥作用。

基于响应面法的钢管混凝土系杆拱桥有限元模型修正

为探讨将钢管混凝土系杆拱桥有限元模型修正方法应用于实际工程性能评估的有效性,以某80 m单拱面钢管混凝土系杆拱桥为工程背景,采用Midas Civil与ANSYS有限元软件分别建立全桥梁格模型与拱脚精细化数值模型,基于径向基函数网络的响应面法对此多尺度模型进行修正。首先根据结构特点和实桥试验选取修正参数与目标函数,以中心复合试验设计构造不同修正水平下的修正参数样本,通过桥梁有限元模型计算得到对应的目标函数样本,并利用F检验法对修正参数的显著性水平进行判断;然后,以修正参数样本与目标函数样本分别作为响应面的输入输出,对径向基函数网络进行拟合训练;最后在修正范围内随机生成修正参数样本,并利用训练好的径向基网络预测对应的目标函数,采用期望度函数D进行优化处理以完成有限元模型的修正。研究结果表明:对于单拱面钢管混凝土系杆拱桥的有限元模型,可以通过径向基函数网络的响应面法进行修正,对比实测数据,修正后的模型误差有明显下降,可作为结构再分析的基准模型;对于使用不同程序建立的多尺度桥梁有限元模型,模型修正方法依旧有效,修正后的参数具有明确的物理意义,其误差可降到工程实践接受范围之内。研究结果为建立与修正钢管混凝土系杆拱桥的有限元模型提供参考。

下承式钢管混凝土系杆拱桥近断层地震响应分析及减震技术研究

本文以泉州百崎湖大桥为背景,采用MidasCivil桥梁有限元分析软件,研究桥梁在近断层地震作用下的地震响应。分析各种因素对桥梁地震响应的影响,包括近断层地震输入模式、近断层地震动脉冲效应和近断层竖向地震动。基于原桥结构设置摩擦摆支座和粘滞阻尼器,研究减震装置对桥梁地震响应的影响;改变减震装置参数,分析参数敏感性。研究表明,近断层地震输入模式改变了拱圈的竖向位移响应,在桥梁抗震设计和分析中,采取三向地震动输入模式较安全;脉冲效应会放大桥梁的位移响应,拱肋横桥向位移放大效果最明显;竖向地震动会放大拱肋的弯矩响应,影响系数最大为1.652;设置摩擦摆支座和粘滞阻尼器均可以提高桥梁的抗震性能。

车辆荷载作用下钢-混凝土组合梁疲劳应力分析

【目的】随着桥梁服役期延长和车辆荷载增加等多种因素的影响,结构承载力会变得越来越弱,疲劳寿命不断降低,最终可能导致低应力疲劳破坏。因此有必要对车辆荷载下拱桥钢混组合梁的疲劳细节应力进行研究。【方法】采用数值模拟的方法,利用Midas FEA NX软件建立3个标准长度的三维实体精细有限元模型,分析钢混组合梁易损疲劳关键点的位置,并研究车辆荷载横向最不利加载位置和纵向加载下的疲劳细节应力变化规律。【结果】结果表明,组合梁次横梁与中纵梁交点处有三处疲劳关键点;靠近桥梁中线位置是车辆荷载下钢梁疲劳最不利的横向加载位置;四种不同标准的纵向车辆加载时,三个疲劳关键点均出现两次应力峰值,且最大应力幅值均低于常幅疲劳强度的极限值。【结论】研究成果可为钢-混凝土组合梁试验和相关研究提供参考。

曲线条件大跨度拱加劲连续梁设计

贵南高铁二塘双线特大桥采用90m+180m+90m拱加劲连续梁结构。大桥位于曲线上,梁体采用分段直线布置,悬灌施工;主拱采用哑铃形钢管混凝土拱肋,钢管直径1 m,拱肋全高3 m;采用整束挤压钢绞线吊杆,全桥拱设置36组吊杆;纵向活动主墩通过构造措施,形成半刚构结构体系,限制部分梁体问题伸缩变形;大桥采用先悬灌主梁,后在主梁上搭设支架原位拼装拱肋方式施工。经论文研究计算结果表明,该桥刚度、受力等均满足规范要求。

不均匀温度场下钢管混凝土拱桥管内混凝土脱空分析

为了解不均匀温度场作用下钢管混凝土拱桥管内混凝土脱空原因,依托高原山区某跨径430 m的钢管混凝土拱桥,进行强辐射、大温差联合作用下拱肋拱顶节段足尺模型试验,分析模型温度场分布,并对该不均匀温度场作用下管内混凝土脱空机理进行研究。结果表明:钢管混凝土拱桥水化阶段和运营阶段径向温度场可简化为多段式折线变化规律。14:00时刻,水化阶段温度沿竖直径向(从向阳侧至背阳侧)先减小后升高再减小,在距向阳侧界面D/8~3D/8处(D为钢管内径)存在一个大温差面,运营阶段温度沿竖直径向(从向阳侧至背阳侧)呈先减小后不变再增加的非对称分布规律,从钢管混凝土界面至距其D/8处温度变化大。混凝土水化阶段和运营阶段管内混凝土脱空机理为:在温度场作用下钢管混凝土界面最大纵向应力差分别高达82.6 MPa和61.95 MPa,最大界面径向拉应力分别为0.8 MPa和2.06 MPa,均超过钢管和混凝土间的粘结强度。

基于零位移与无应力状态控制的斜拉扣挂施工扣索力确定方法

大跨度拱桥常采用斜拉扣挂法开展拱肋施工,但在节段拼装过程中扣索索力和拱肋空间位形之间互相影响,索力优化计算以及扣索状态控制问题复杂。提出改进零位移法结合无应力状态控制法的复合扣索力计算方法:基于改进型零位移法快速得到满足成拱线形要求的扣索力大小,基于成拱索力采用无应力状态法反推各施工阶段扣索索力。该复合方法可避免传统零位移法扣索力不准和反复迭代计算的缺陷,施工中扣索可实现一次张拉,后续节段拼装中无需对扣索进行索力调整。以某跨径430 m大跨度钢管混凝土拱桥缆扣合一施工为工程应用背景,采用的零位移法结合无应力状态法对大跨度非对称式钢结构拱肋进行斜拉扣挂拼装的扣索力求解和施工模拟。分析拼装过程中扣索力变化规律,并对比验证实际线形与目标线形偏差,以及拱肋应力与设计应力之间偏差程度。结果表明,所提出的复合算法理论简单且索力求解计算便捷。所求的扣索力可有效保证拱肋拼装完成及松索后拱肋线形和受力均满足要求。

焊接工艺对钢管混凝土拱桥拱肋相贯节点残余应力的影响

为研究焊接工艺对钢管混凝土拱桥拱肋相贯节点残余应力的影响,基于建立的热力顺序间接耦合的有限元分析方法,对拱肋相贯节点的焊接温度场和残余应力场进行数值模拟,结合文献试验结果验证了有限元分析方法的准确性。然后对湘渝高速双堡桥拱脚处拱肋相贯节点进行焊接温度场和残余应力场的数值模拟。在此基础上,通过参数分析研究对比了不同焊接热输入和焊接速度以及进行焊前预热和焊后热处理等不同焊接工艺对拱肋相贯节点不同位置的残余应力影响。结果表明:不同焊接热输入和焊接速度下拱肋相贯节点的焊接残余应力分布规律基本一致,变化规律表现为焊接残余应力与焊接热输入呈正相关关系,与焊接速度呈负相关关系;随着焊接热输入的减小和焊接速度的提高,拉压残余应力整体减小,拱肋相贯节点经过焊前预热150~200℃以后,残余应力的峰值应力总体降低4%以上,但焊前预热对残余应力分布基本没有影响,更高的焊前预热温度能更有效地降低残余应力的峰值应力;拱肋相贯节点经过550~650℃保温温度下保温4 h的焊后热处理以后,焊接残余应力总体降低幅度在40%以上,更高的保温温度能更有效地降低焊接残余应力;钢管混凝土拱桥拱肋相贯节点可通过减小焊接热输入和提高焊接速度的焊接工艺、焊前预热处理和焊后热处理来减小焊接残余应力。

冻融循环作用后钢管混凝土界面黏结滑移本构模型研究

在北方寒冷地区,钢管混凝土结构因冻融作用侵蚀而造成钢管开裂以及钢管混凝土结构力学性能劣化从而导致结构破坏的事故时有发生。针对冻融侵蚀后钢管混凝土界面黏结性能问题,制作了钢管混凝土推出试件,考虑冻融循环次数、混凝土强度、钢管径厚比等不同参数,进行冻融试验和推出试验,分析了界面黏结力的分布规律和影响因素,研究了冻融循环作用后钢管混凝土界面黏结滑移本构关系,确定了界面平均黏结强度以及峰值黏结强度、残余黏结强度特征值。结果表明,随着冻融循环次数的增加,界面平均黏结强度减小,极限荷载对应的滑移逐渐增大,而残余黏结强度呈线性减小,稳定段起点滑移随着冻融循环次数的增加呈指数增长。峰值黏结强度、残余黏结强度随混凝土强度的增加而提高,随着径厚比的增大而降低。分析外钢管密布应变计所测出的应变分布规律可知界面黏结应力呈指数分布,对比分析由荷载、滑移结合能量法理论推导所得的黏结应力分布函数,结果表明其具有较高精度,为后期研究界面黏结性能提供了新思路。构建了冻融循环作用后界面黏结应力-滑移三段式本构模型,并提出了相应特征值计算公式和本构模型,可为该类构件设计时考虑冻融作用提供参考。

不同连接构造的预制拼装钢管混凝土桥墩数值模拟与地震响应特点

无黏结预应力节段拼装钢管混凝土桥墩主要包括承插连接与混合连接两种承台连接方式。为比较两种不同连接构造下桥墩的地震响应特点,采用OpenSees软件分别建立了桥墩有限元模型,其中,承插连接钢管混凝土桥墩模型能够考虑插入承台部分钢管与周围混凝土的黏结滑移、钢管局部屈曲以及屈曲后撕裂等过程,而混合连接钢管混凝土桥墩模型能够再现出接缝的摇摆行为;并通过与相关拟静力试验数据结果进行对比,验证了两种数值模型的有效性;随后,以一座4跨连续梁桥为背景,分别研究了采用混合连接、无预应力承插连接和预应力承插连接桥墩桥梁结构在地震作用时的响应特点。结果表明:两种承插连接桥墩的墩底钢管在地震动峰值加速度(peak ground acceleration,PGA)约0.4 g时发生屈曲,并伴随水平刚度下降和残余位移增大,且配置无黏结预应力的承插连接桥墩钢管屈曲引起的损伤程度更大,随着地震动输入进一步增大,预应力为桥墩提供的自复位能力逐步增加,在PGA=0.6 g时,预应力承插连接桥墩的残余位移仅为无预应力桥墩的62%。此外,配置混合连接桥墩的桥梁在地震作用下损伤较小,残余漂移比小于0.2%,比承插连接桥墩更优的自复位能力。

几何初始缺陷与初应力对钢管混凝土拱桥的影响研究

为探讨拱圈拱轴线的几何初始缺陷和钢管初应力对拱桥结构内力与应力的影响,基于实际工程案例,建立了4个有限元模型,分为2组,一组包括2个模型,考虑了拱轴线的几何初始缺陷影响;另一组也包括2个模型,首先考虑拱轴线几何初始缺陷,然后在此基础上考虑初应力影响,进行拱桥内力和应力分析对比。结果表明:几何初始缺陷对拱圈轴力影响较小,增幅<1%,但对拱圈的弯矩和应力分布影响较明显,特别是在拱顶部分,在拱顶处弯矩减小高达91.31%,而拱脚处增加17.03%,拱脚和拱顶上缘的混凝土应力增加23.19%,下缘的混凝土应力减小51.95%;考虑初应力影响后,拱桥内力分布发生显著变化。拱脚处轴力增加65.5%,拱圈弯矩最大减小68.21%,拱圈截面上缘应力增加幅度高达113.7%。因此,实际施工阶段,必须充分考虑拱圈拱轴线几何初始缺陷影响,并根据实际施工顺序准确模拟初应力。

大跨度双联连续钢管混凝土拱桥结构体系设计研究

为研究大跨度双联连续钢管混凝土拱桥的合理结构体系及中央拱座合理刚度,以主跨2×405 m渝湘复线双堡特大桥为背景,采用MIDAS Civil软件建立全桥有限元模型,分析考虑自重、汽车荷载和基础沉降作用下,拱桥刚接、铰接、半刚性连接约束体系和不同中央拱座刚度对桥梁力学性能的影响。结果表明:自重、汽车荷载和基础沉降作用下各结构体系力学性能均满足规范要求。双刚接方案拱肋变形对称,结构受力良好,且构造简单、施工方便。中央拱座刚度从0.8 EI(EI为原设计方案中央拱座截面刚度)增加至2.0 EI,自重产生的最大变形基本不变,最大拉应力减小了0.33%,最大压应力减小了0.47%,结构力学性能改善效果不明显。双堡特大桥结构体系推荐采用双刚性连接,中央拱座合理刚度取值为0.8 EI,全桥有限元计算结果表明,该结构体系的强度、刚度、稳定性均满足规范要求。

钢管混凝土拱桥斜拉扣挂施工的无应力状态控制法

【目的】避免钢管混凝土拱桥施工过程温度、临时荷载等因素变化对索力的影响,实现大跨拱桥拱肋斜拉扣挂节段拼装施工的精准高效调控。【方法】提出以扣索无应力长度代替索力调整拱桥过程状态的控制方法,推导考虑垂度效应和扣塔偏位的扣索无应力长度计算公式,研究索力增量与扣索无应力长度变化的关系。【结果】工程算例结果表明,基于无应力状态法的索力最大误差为5%左右,高程最大偏差3.7cm,计算精度满足要求,实现了精准高效的施工调控。【结论】该方法可消除温度和临时荷载变化对索力的影响,减小施工中间状态的计算工作量,可为大跨度钢管混凝土拱肋节段拼装提供技术支持。