A Study on the Structural Contradictions in the US-Turkey Alliance Relations

After the Cold War and especially since the Justice and Development Party administration led by Erdogan,the US-Turkey alliance relations have declined.The two countries have sharp structural contradictions on a series of issues.Due to the profound geopolitical landscape changes,the interdependence on security and defense between the United States and Turkey has been severely weakened,leading to significant divergence in threat definition and pursuit of interests.Turkey has continuously enhanced its diplomatic autonomy,seeking to change its weak position in the original alliance relations,and striving to become a regional leader.These structural contradictions inevitably trigger the hedging of policies and interests between the United States and Turkey.

Unprecedented Emergence of the World Structural Contradictions

In recent years, profound and complex transformations in the world order have emerged on the global landscape, which are marked by the following attributes. First, strategic tension between the major powers,namely China and the US, is unfolding in a more notable way than ever before. Second, conflicts between the public and private enterprises in the economic sector are deepening. Third, globalization is at the crossroad,featuring contradictions between nationalism and globalism. Last,uncertainties of the future world reflect also in the debates over conflicting concepts and ideologies.

TWO PAIRS OF STRUCTURAL CONTRADICTIONS IN CHINA-US-LATIN AMERICA RELATIONS： HOW TO VIEW THEM

Before his multi-stop visit to Mexico,Argentina,Peru,Colombia and Jamaica in Latin America and the Caribbean(LAC)early February 2018,then U.S.Secretary of State Rex Tillerson released many signals for Latin America.Especially in his remarks at the University of Texas at Austin,he portrayed the presence of China and Russia in LAC as a"new

Industrial and Employment Structural Imbalance in Northeast China and Agricultural Enhancement

Balanced development between industrial and employment structures are important indicators of regional economic and social health. By introducing indicators such as industrial structure deviation, comparative labor productivity, international comparison of relative labor productivity as well as employment elasticity, the paper further probed into intricate causes for the imbalance between industrial and employment structures in this specific region from a new angle which based on the evolution process analyses of both industrial and employment structures in Liaoning, Jilin and Heilongjiang in Northeast China. The paper also suggested policy measures to strengthen agricultural developments and to facilitate the balance between industrial and employment structures.

Au Microdisk-Size Dependence of Quantum Dot Emission from the Hybrid Metal-Distributed Bragg Reflector Structures Employed for Single Photon Sources

We investigate metallic microdisk-size dependence of quantum dot （QD） spontaneous emission rate and micro- antenna directional emission effect for the hybrid metM-distributed Bragg reflector structures based on a particular single QD emission. It is found that the measured photolumineseence （PL） intensity is very sensitive to the size of metMlic disk, showing an enhancement factor of 11 when the optimal disk diameter is 2μm and the numerical aperture of microscope objective NA=0.5. It is found that for large metal disks, the Purcell effect is dominant for enhanced PL intensity, whereas for small size disks the main contribution comes from plasmon scattering at the disk edge within the light cone collected by the microscope objective.

Testing the relationship between financial sector output,employment and economic growth in North Cyprus

Sound and efficient functioning of financial systems is critical to the economic prosperity of any economy.This paper investigates the tripartite relationship between financial sector output,employment and economic growth in North Cyprus.Using relevant time series data analysis(within the framework of structural breaks and VECM),we found that financial sector output in North Cyprus is sensitive to both internal and external shocks in that its economy is well linked with the global economy,in spite of the political isolation sustained since the bifurcation of Cyprus into North and South.The study further documents evidence of the neutrality hypothesis in the finance-growth nexus.The underlying variables were weakly connected in the short-run.However,economic growth responded to the short-run shocks and handled the equilibrating process of reverting to the long-run trend and thus,the demand following hypothesis is confirmed in the long-run.

The International Mobility of Students Apprentices at the Heart of Building a Skills Economy: the Example of the Corsican Territory

At a time of exacerbated globalization,education,and more generally training,is a key factor for our society,at the heart of territories challenged to renew themselves in the face of the emergence around the globe of new centers of economic and demographic gravity,with their own models.Training,and its link with working life,is a real challenge to face,in the near future,the technological,economic,political and environmental revolutions that we are already facing.Beyond what is called sandwich training or continuing vocational training in Higher Education,the current challenge is indeed around lifelong learning,old concept but whose forms always call for an actualization in modernity.At the heart of a small island territory like Corsica,this challenge is all the more crucial to take up as it foreshadows its attractiveness in a context of glocalisation[8]now durably anchored.In an ever-changing global environment,with moving landmarks,increasingly complex personal and professional lives,and where everything that seemed well compartmentalized yesterday faces increasing porosity,the purpose of this contribution is to explain that the international mobility of students apprentices,at the heart of the construction of a skills economy,is a major strategic issue for the development and structuring of a small territory such as Corsica.

Measurement and Characteristics of Employment Centers in Shenzhen:A Study Using Enterprise Survey Data in 2017

In the formation process of megacities,urban population is constantly gathering from other cities to large and medium-sized cities,and from the periphery of the city to the center of the city,inducing traffic congestion,overload of main center,reduction of space efficiency,and other major urban diseases.Multi-center urban spatial structure is an effective way to solve the above negative externalities.It is helpful to evaluate the efficiency of the existing industrial distribution structure in the cities and make a reasonable estimate of the future enterprise growth by clarifying the interactive relationship between the development process of a city and the change of the employment center.Based on survey data of Shenzhen "Four Up-scale Enterprises" in 2017,threshold method is used to identify the existing employment centers of Shenzhen,and describe the characteristics of each employment center.Combining calculation of industry location entropy,below conclusions are obtained:①the double main centers (Futian-Luohu center and Nanshan center) in Shenzhen are obvious,and the weak multi-center has initially formed;②the development of the industry is relatively balanced in Futian-Luohu center,and Nanshan center has absolute advantage in information technology industry;③the employment centers outside the original special economic zone are mainly manufacturing industries,showing a highly specialized trend of industries,and cultivation of service industries is insufficient.

China's Agricultural Development: Structural Contradictions and Policy Transition

The primary contradiction facing China's agricultural development has shifted from the previous undersupply to structural contradictions. This paper dissects these structural contradictions in terms of sectoral structure, product structure, organizational structure, technical structure, trade structure and spatial structure. Since reform and opening-up in 1978, China has followed a growth-oriented agricultural policy to ensure steady yield increase. Indeed, this policy has effectively increased the output of agricultural produce, safeguarded national food security, and enhanced agricultural production capabilities. However, China's agriculture is yet to become internationally competitive, increase efficiency and farmers' income, and improve the quality and safety of agricultural produce. As China's agricultural development enters into a new stage of comprehensive transition and upgrade, it is essential for China's agricultural policy to shift from the progrowth policy characterized by the dependence on chemical fertilizers and pesticides to an efficiency and quality-oriented policy that pursues green agriculture.

Major Contradictions in China's Current Employment Sector and Countermeasures

In the six decades since the founding of the People’s Republic,especially in the more than three decades since the reform andopening-up,China has achieved remarkable success in its employment sector.However,there are still many contradictionsstanding in the way of an employment enlargement-oriented development strategy,for example,contradictions betweeneconomic growth and employment growth,between the heavy industry-oriented national economy and employmentenlargement,between rural labor transfer and the mounting urban employment pressure and between 'hard to find jobs'and 'shortage of skilled workers'.Only when we carefully analyze underlying reasons for these contradictions can wedevelop corrective employment expansion strategies.

延迟退休对青年人就业的挤入效应研究

本文从理论上提出了延迟退休对青年人就业产生挤入效应的两条途径,并基于2005年1%人口抽样调查微观数据和2010年第六次全国人口普查微观数据,采用双向固定效应模型实证研究了延迟退休对青年人就业的影响及作用机制。研究结果显示:延迟退休不仅不会挤出青年人就业,反而会对其产生挤入效应。异质性分析结果表明,相较于男性青年人,延迟退休对女性青年人就业的促进作用偏弱;高学历老年人延迟退休能够促进高学历青年人就业,低学历老年人延迟退休能够促进低学历青年人就业。机制分析结果表明,延迟退休通过降低实际老年抚养比促进青年人就业。调节效应分析结果表明,经济发展水平对延迟退休与青年人就业之间的关系存在正向调节效应。本文的研究结论支持政府为增加劳动力供给提出的延迟退休政策,建议推进渐进式、弹性式延迟退休政策。在实行延迟退休政策的同时,政府应适时调整其他相关政策。在三孩生育政策全面放开阶段,政府应重视年轻家庭对祖辈隔代照料的需求。此外,政府应鼓励老年劳动力提升自身人力资本水平。

数字经济对北京高质量就业的影响研究--兼与上海比较分析

就业是最基本的民生,实现高质量充分就业是推动高质量发展的内在要求。数字经济成为推动高质量发展的新动能,对人力资源市场产生深刻影响。构建数字经济发展水平和就业质量的评价指标体系,展示北京和上海数字经济发展和就业质量的特征事实。在此基础上构建回归分析模型,进一步研究数字经济对就业质量的影响,结果显示数字经济直接促进就业质量提升,同时还会通过优化就业结构间接促进就业质量提升。

数字经济背景下我国面临的就业风险与对策建议

数字经济是扩大就业、缓解就业压力、稳定民生的重要渠道,数字经济在推动就业总量增长的同时,深刻影响就业结构与就业质量。以数字经济发展为研究背景,通过分析其带来的就业新格局,进一步探析数字经济背景下我国就业面临的劳动者权益保障缺失、劳动结构失衡、产业数字化转型滞后等问题,提出完善社会保障机制、强化供给侧需求侧改革、驱动数字产业转型升级、扩大数字人才规模等就业发展战略规划,以推进我国数字经济更高质量发展和更充分就业。

产业数字化的就业技能结构效应研究

以数字技术和实体经济融合为特征的产业数字化快速发展,衍生出多种新型就业形态,对就业技能结构产生了深刻影响。在分析产业数字化对劳动力就业技能结构影响机理基础上,文章基于国家统计局2021年颁布的数字经济产业统计分类标准构建了产业数字化综合指标体系,利用熵值法测算出2011~2020年中国各地区产业数字化水平,构建固定效应基准回归模型和调节效应模型,从省际层面实证检验了产业数字化对就业技能结构的效应。结果表明产业数字化提高了中高技能劳动力就业比重,降低了低技能劳动力就业份额,优化了就业技能结构。其中,产业结构高级化和互联网发展水平在产业数字化对劳动力就业技能结构的影响中发挥了调节作用。产业结构高级化和互联网发展水平均正向调节了产业数字化对高技能劳动力就业的促进作用,减弱了产业数字化对中等技能劳动力就业的正效应。异质性研究表明东部地区产业数字化对就业技能结构影响显著,而中西部地区影响并不明显。进一步拓展分析发现地区外包水平会强化产业数字化对高技能劳动力就业的促进作用。因此,建议加快产业数字化进程、提升全社会劳动力数字技能水平、完善区域协调发展、提高FDI和外包质量,发挥产业数字化对就业技能结构的升级优化效应,实现充分和高质量就业目标。

数字经济、产业结构与劳动力结构优化

近年来,数字经济持续蓬勃发展,传统型劳动者难以适应新兴数字生产力发展的要求。文章从技能、行业和产业三个角度实证研究数字经济和劳动力结构之间的动态关系,发现数字经济促进了高技能、高技术行业以及第三产业劳动力就业比重,减少了中、低技能劳动力就业比重。产业结构升级在数字经济对劳动力就业结构的作用中存在中介效应,表明数字经济通过产业结构升级促使劳动力结构发生变化。

人工智能、财政支出结构偏向与高质量就业

本文选取2009—2018年省级层面数据,运用面板固定效应模型分析人工智能应用对高质量就业的影响及其传导机制。研究结果表明,人工智能应用总体能够促进高质量就业。调节效应检验结果显示,财政支出能够正向调节人工智能应用对高质量就业的积极影响,并由于财政支出呈现结构偏向的特征,不同性质的财政支出会使人工智能应用程度对高质量就业的影响产生差异。作用机制结果显示,人工智能应用程度会通过产业结构升级间接促进高质量就业。异质性分析结果表明,在地区分布上,人工智能应用程度对高质量就业的积极影响主要体现在东部地区;在时期分布上,在自动化赋能阶段(2009—2014年),人工智能应用程度呈现出对高质量就业的促进作用,而在智能化创新阶段(2015—2018年)则不明显。本文的研究结论为挖掘人工智能应用在中国如何实现更高质量就业,以及探究财政政策导向在其中的作用提供参考。