Study on the Changes of Medical Income Structure in Governmentrun Hospitals of Traditional Chinese Medicine from 2012 to 2021

Objective To study the changing characteristics and trend of medical income structure in the government-run hospitals of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),evaluate the effects of relevant reform measures,and to put forward corresponding suggestions for further optimizing their income structure.Methods The data related to the average medical income of government-run hospitals of TCM from 2012 to 2021 were sorted out.Then,descriptive analysis method was used to analyze the changes of related indicators.Besides,structural change method was applied to investigate the changes of outpatient income and inpatient income.Results and Conclusion From 2012 to 2021,the growth of medical income in government-run hospitals of TCM tended to be stable,and the proportion of medical service income increased from 22.62%(2012)to 29.38%(2021),but the average annual growth rate was only 0.68%.The main items that caused the change of outpatient income structure were medicine revenue,laboratory tests,diagnosis and treatment,and the cumulative contribution rate was 89.15%.The main items that caused the change of inpatient income structure were medicine revenue,sanitary materials,and auxiliary examinations income,with a cumulative contribution rate of 80.04%.However,the contribution rate of registration,diagnosis,treatment,surgery and nursing income reflecting the value of medical personnel’s technical labor was relatively small.The medical income structure of government-run hospitals of TCM underwent great changes and gradually became reasonable,but the medical service income increased slowly,and not all indicators achieved the expectations.To promote the sustainable development of public hospitals of TCM and enable them to provide high-quality and efficient TCM medical and health services,it is necessary to further improve the relevant policy mechanism.

Study on Spatial Structure of Traditional Villages from the Perspective of Clanism

"China's deep-rooted family culture and the resulting family spirit is one of the basic characteristics of Chinese society that differs from western society," said by Chinese sociologist Fei Xiaotong. German sociologist Max Weber defi nes Chinese society as "family structure society"[1]. And sociologist Fei Zhengqing believes that the villages in China are organized by families. In sociological studies, the traditional villages are divided into three types: single-clan villages with only one dominating family, main-clan villages which are mainly composed of several families, and multi-clan villages where some coequal families live together[2]. The authors believe that traditional villages are organized social communities with kinship as a link. They are products of the family system. There is a close connection between a village's family composition and its space construction. Single-clan village is an introverted spatial organization mode entirely based on kinship, ancestral hall is located in the center and the whole spatial structure grows toward it. Main-clan village is a decentralized family aggregate based on the ties of blood as well as region. And the organization of its village space depends on temples and pavilions where families enshrine and worship ancestors and gods. It owns obvious features of collage and collaboration. M ulticlan village is a collaborative and extroverted complex spatial system led by relationship of colleagues, where large public buildings are taken as the core to organize commercial activities. Its form is similar to the form of small towns. Taking sociological term "family" as the starting point and cases of national historic cultural villages including Hong Village, Zhuge Village, Zoumatang Village, Suzhuang Village and Guoyu Village into further study, this article analyses the correlation between kinship composition and spatial form of villages, tries to reveal the essential structure of traditional space of villages and to provide a new perspective on spatial study as well as basis for preservation of traditional villages.

The Practice and Method of Integrating Fine Traditional Culture into Data Structure Course Teaching

To capitalize on the primary role of major course teaching and to facilitate students’understanding of abstract concepts in the data structure course,it is essential to increase their interest in learning and develop case studies that highlight fine traditional culture.By incorporating these culture-rich case studies into classroom instruction,we employ a project-driven teaching approach.This not only allows students to master professional knowledge,but also enhances their abilities to solve specific engineering problems,ultimately fostering cultural confidence.Over the past few years,during which educational reforms have been conducted for trial runs,the feasibility and effectiveness of these reform schemes have been demonstrated.

Computational investigation on the molecular structure and chemical reactivity of a traditional Chinese medicine extract MK-1 molecule

MK-1 molecule(C_(16)H_(16)O_(2)),the simplest structure of vitamin K(VK)compound family,is an extract from traditional Chinese medicine Cymbopogon distans(Nees ex Steud.)Wats(Chinese name YunXiangCao),which has attracted a great deal of attention in recent years due to its antiasthmatic,antitussives and expectorant effects.To investigate the molecular structure and chemical reactivity of MK-1 molecule,computational investigations on six conformational minima structures were carried out at the MP2/6-311++G(2d,2p)level of theory.Several local reactivity descriptors including condensed Fukui function,average local ionization energy,and molecular electrostatic potential on each individual atom were determined to predict the intrinsic reactivity of MK-1 molecule.

Bio-soft matter derived from traditional Chinese medicine:Characterizations of hierarchical structure,assembly mechanism,and beyond

Structural and functional explorations on bio-soft matter such as micelles,vesicles,nanoparticles,aggregates or polymers derived from traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has emerged as a new topic in the field of TCM.The discovery of such cross-scaled bio-soft matter may provide a unique perspective for unraveling the new effective material basis of TCM as well as developing innovative medicine and biomaterials.Despite the rapid rise of TCM-derived bio-soft matter,their hierarchical structure and assembly mechanism must be unambiguously probed for a further in-depth understanding of their pharmacological activity.In this review,the current emerged TCM-derived bio-soft matter assembled from either small molecules or macromolecules is introduced,and particularly the unambiguous elucidation of their hierarchical structure and assembly mechanism with combined electron microscopic and spectroscopic techniques is depicted.The pros and cons of each technique are also discussed.The future challenges and perspective of TCM-derived bio-soft matter are outlined,particularly the requirement for their precise in situ structural determination is highlighted.

Decline of Traditional Landscape in a Protected Area of the Southwestern Alps:the Fate of Enclosed Pasture Patches in the Land Mosaic Shift

【Title】【Author】【Addresses】1Traditional landscape elements such as pasture patches enclosed in a forest matrix are progressively disappearing throughout the European Alps. We assessed the land mosaic shift of a protected area located in the western Italian Alps. In particular, the dynamics of pasture patches were studied at both landscape and stand level. Land-cover mapping through object-oriented analysis of historical aerial photographs was used to assess land-cover changes between 1954 and 2000. Spatial statistics were used to quantify landscape patterns, and field samplings within pasture patches were used to explore tree regeneration structure and composition. Our results showed a significant increase in the number of pasture patches caused by their fragmentation following forest expansion. The total surface area of pasture patches decreased by 43% and their core area decreased by 94%. The encroachment of trees on less accessible areas of the pasture patches caused a reduction of patch shape at landscape scale. The gap filling process started 40-50 years ago and began with an early invasion of light demanding species like sycamore maple （Acer pseudoplatanus L.） and common ash （Fraxinus excelsior L.）, followed by European beech （Fagus sylvatica L.） and secondarily silver fir （Abies alba Mill.）. Traditional land-use and population decline in the Pesio Valley led to a reduction in ecotone areas. A transition to a more homogeneous landscape is expected in the next decades. Given the cultural and productive nature of these mountain meadow-pasture communities, extensive livestock grazing systems could be used to manage their future conservation.

Original Frame of Organizational Model from the Chinese Traditional Philosophy

In this paper, the studies show that the framework of the original organizational models based on the philosophy view is constructed. The driving forces are also expatiated in the paper. Matching with the time and space in which the organization exists, fitted with the extra environment, making the organization take effect and properly controlling the important potential factors for the organizations further are the four driving forces development. The supporting pillars are cooperation in the competition, communication, negotiation and proper equal culture environment. At last, the researches point out that organization is a process, while organizational model is only a tool for us to realize the world.

Gastrodin promotes the secretion of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the injured spinal cord

Gastrodin, an active component of tall gastrodia tuber, is widely used in the treatment of dizziness, paralysis, epilepsy, stroke and dementia, and exhibits a neuroprotective effect. A rat model of spinal cord injury was established using Allen＇s method, and gastrodin was administered via the subarachnoid cavity and by intraperitoneal injection for 7 days. Results show that gastrodin promoted the secretion of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in rats with spinal cord injury. After gastrodin treatment, the maximum angle of the inclined plane test, and the Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan scores increased. Moreover, gastrodin improved neural tissue recovery in the injured spinal cord. These results demonstrate that gastrodin promotes the secretion of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, contributes to the recovery of neurological function, and protects neural cells against injury.

Synthesis,Configuration Judgment and Potentiation Activity of (2S,3S,E)-4-(3,4-Dihydroxybenzylidene)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic Acid

The title compound（2S,3S,E）-4-（3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene）-3-（3,4-dihydroxyphenyl）-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid was synthesized and the 2D structure was characterized by ^1H-NMR ^13C-NMR and LCMS. The absolute configuration was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction of the key intermediate（2S,3S,E）-ethyl 4-（3,4-dimethoxybenzylidene）-3-（3,4-dimethoxyphenyl）-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylate. The crystal belongs to tetragonal system, space group P41 with a = 13.0665（2）, b = 13.0665（2）, c = 13.4735（2）A, V = 2300.4（6） A^3, Z = 4, Dc = 1.278 g/cm^3, μ（CuKα） = 0.801 mm^-1, F（000） = 936, S = 1.050, R = 0.0364 and wR（I 〉 2σ（I）） = 0.1071. X-ray diffraction results showed that the molecular structure is stabilized totally by Van der Waals force. The antibacterial activity tests showed that the title compound possesses slight synergistic effect against MRSA and Acinetobacter baumanii.

Spatial Structure of Traditional Villages in Coastal Areas of Jiangsu Province

The village is the product of the objectification of human spirit, bearing the human production, life and other behaviors. Traditional villages in coastal area are the important carrier of sea salt culture, reflect a unique human landscape, form the unique structure characteristics and become China’s rural society’s important component. But in recent years, due to the urban renewal and the accelerating of the socialism new rural construction and the deterioration of the natural environment, traditional villages in Jiangsu coastal areas relying on the natural and cultural environment are experiencing an unprecedented test. In this paper, according to the investigation of the coastal areas of existing traditional village, after the comparative analysis, some basic spatial structure characteristics were summarized. It is expected to provide a reference for the planning, construction and management of villages.

An Overview of the Development of Novel Textile Design by the Application of Creative Components of the Chakma Community of the Chittagong Hill Tracts in Bangladesh

In the world, there are more than 370 million indigenous and tribal people with especial culture and traditions. The Chakma’s is one of the groups of indigenous people dwelling Chittagong hill tracts in Bangladesh. Chakma’s has its own culture, tradition, literature, and costume designs. The design costumes of the Chakma’s play an essential role. The Chakma’s preserved their textile design in “Alam”. Alam is a kind of cloth embroidered with various designs carrying the heritage of the Chakma. The use of Alam began approximately 500 years ago. All used clothing in Chakma society is weaved manually in the back-strap loom, which is generally very time-consuming— this limits its design aesthetics and universal use. Because of globalisation, the use of the traditional design of Chakma’s are threatened today. Till today in our country and overseas, no attempts were taken for research of the traditional Chakma’s design. The purpose of this research is to upgrade and digitise Chakma’s designs. Furthermore, efforts were made for the automatization of the traditional process to preserve traditional Chakma’s designs. In this study analysis of the fabric designs, pattern structure, colour applications of the traditional Aalam design were constructed using small prototype Rapier loom technology. We found that most of the single designs of the Alam were possible to weave in small prototype modern loom. On the other hand, intricate designs were not possible to weave in small prototype loom but are possible in the jacquard loom. The key idea is to establish an approach to modernise the traditional weaving process in order to make it convenient, economical and less time-consuming.

Cultural Structure of Solar Terms and Traditional Festivals

Solar terms and festivals differ from and relate to each other in terms of application scope and cultural structure.The cultural association and application of the 24 Solar Terms are studied in the areas including philosophy,farming and society,and are exhibited in the natural convergence of views on space and time,life and customs,as well as the facilitation of agricultural practice.The connotations of traditional Chinese festivals concern basic areas such as beliefs,rites,language,symbols,diets and art,which are exhibited in the co-existent "festival tokens," "festival events," "festival messages," "festival symbols," "festival food" and "festival art forms." Festivals feature fixed and periodic occurrence and multi-channel cultural inheritance.

Architectural Features of Stilted Buildings of the Tujia People: A Case Study of Ancient Buildings in the Peng Family Village in Western Hubei Province, China

This paper describes and analyzes the stilted buildings of the Tujia people (an ethnic group living in China's Mainland), a distinctive building style unique to them, from the perspectives of site selection, spatial layout, construction techniques, and cultural inheritance. The cluster of stilted buildings (Diaojiao Lou in Mandarin Pinyin) in the Pengjia Village (meaning most of the villagers share the surname of Peng) is presented as a case study in this paper. The paper makes a case for their preservation as authentic carriers of the Tujia people’s cultural history, which is quickly disappearing due to development pressures. Three preservation strategies are discussed to meet this preservation goal. The first is to provide a detail analysis of the construction language to guarantee authenticity in the documentation, preservation and restoration processes of the stilted buildings. The second is to keep alive the expert knowledge and skill of traditional artisans by involving them in the construction of new structures using diaojiaolou techniques. The third strategy is to encourage local people to “dress-up” discordant buildings constructed mid to late 20th century with well-mannered facades using traditional details such as suspension columns, shuaqi, and six-panel and bang doors. Taking as a whole, these strategies are presented to help local residents, preservation experts, developers and policy makers sustain the irreplaceable cultural heritage and economic independence of the Tujia people.

Metabolomic and structural brain connectomic evidence validating traditional Chinese medicine diagnostic classification of major depressive disorder

OBJECTIVE Major depressive disorder(MDD) is a highly heterogeneous mental illness.Further classification may help characterize its heterogeneity.The purpose of this study was to examine metabolomic and brain connectomic associations with traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) diagnostic classification of MDD.METHODS Fifty unmedicated depressed patients were classified into Liver Qi Stagnation(LQS,n=30) and Heart and Spleen Deficiency(HSD,n=20) subtypes according to TCM diagnosis.Healthy volunteers(n=28) were included as controls.Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS) and diffusion tensor imaging were used to detect serum and urinary metabolomic profiles and whole-brain white matter connectivity,respectively.RESULTS In metabolomic analysis,28 metabolites were identified for good separations between TCM subtypes and healthy controls in serum and urine samples.While both TCM subtypes had similar profiles in proteinogenic branched-chain amino acids and energy metabolism-related metabolites that were differentiated from healthy controls,the LQS subtype additionally differed from healthy controls in multiple amino acid metabolites that are involved in the biosynthesis of monoamine and amino acid neurotransmitters.Several metabolites are differentially associated with the two subtypes.In connectomic analysis,The LQS subtype showed significant differences in multiple network metrics of the angular gyrus,middle occipital gyrus,calcarine sulcus,and Heschl′ s gyrus when compared to the other two groups.The HSD subtype had markedly greater regional connectivity of the insula,parahippocampal gyrus,and posterior cingulate gyrus than the other two groups,and microstructural abnormalities of the frontal medial orbital gyrus and middle temporal pole.The insular betweenness centrality was strongly inversely correlated with the severity of depression and dichotomized the two subtypes at the optimal cutoff value with acceptable sensitivity and specificity.CONCLUSION The LQS subtype may represent an MDD subpopulation mainly characterized by abnormalities in the biosynthesis of monoamine and amino acid neurotransmitters,closer associations with stress-related pathophysiology,and aberrant connectivity of the audiovisual perception-related temporal-occipital network,whereas the HSD subtype is more closely associated with hyperconnectivity and microstructural abnormalities of the limbicparalimbic network.Certain metabolomic and connectomic variables are potential biomarkers for TCM diagnostic subtypes which is perhaps an alternative classification for depressive disorders.

Joinery and Structure:Cultural and Technical Comparison between Traditional Wooden Framing Systems in East Asia and Western Europe

Traditional wooden joinery is the craft of connecting wood pieces for buildings or producing utensils by utilizing only the geometry of the components and material properties of the wood,without other materials such as glue or metal connectors.In its thousands of years of tradition,this construction technique has achieved high accomplishment in both East Asian and European architectural civilizations.Although sharing the same basic principles,joinery techniques vary between regions and cultures,rooted in the geographical environment,available wood species and their material properties,characteristics of craftsmanship,tools,and structural systems.Wood framing systems from China,Japan,and Western Europe are selected for comparison to assess the relationship between wood joinery and other aspects of building technology.The main conclusions include:in East Asia,the building tradition pays great attention to the design and execution of joinery(sunmao榫卯),making it responsible for multiple functions including architectural mechanics and the stability of the entire frame,which leads to a broader role meant by the term“joint”itself,while in Europe joinery is treated as the“node”or literally“joint”of the structure.Although in both East Asia and Europe wooden joinery serves as an aesthetic factor of the structure,its expression in East Asia is subtle,veiled,and restrained,while in Europe it is explicit and direct.The most important lesson we learn from the study of traditional joinery technology is that it should be seen in the context of the building process as a whole,taking into account geographical environment,material resources,craftsmanship,tools,construction methods,structural form,and the structural system.

Study on the linguistic schools in the west

This paper discusses the history of linguistics in the west, as well as the features, the spokesmen and the contributions of different schools in different times. The learners can understand the linguistic schools in the west by analyzing them and then improve their ability to analyze languages.

A Critical Study of William Faulkner's A Rose for Emily:Its Narrative Technique and Structure

A Rose for Emily, written by William Faulkner in the twentieth century, is an absorbing mystery story with a surprisingly chilling ending. This paper intends to analyze the symbolic meaning of the rose, and the relationship between the rose and Emily, giving people a thorough understanding of the theme and the heroine's personality. Although simple, the story shows great narrative techniques and typical and artful structure in Faulkner's works.

Reviewing the insights of SARS-CoV-2:Its epidemiology,pathophysiology,and potential preventive measures in traditional medicinal system

Background:The severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus-2 causing COVID-19 viral infection was first reported in late December 2019,spreading swiftly across all over the world.WHO declared it a pandemic by March 2020.Many problems emerged worldwide healthcare system and economic burden due to viral outbreak.High transmission rate and infectious nature make COVID-19 pandemic.Effectively managing outbreak and controlling spread is challenging.Despite valiant efforts to contain the COVID-19 outbreak,the situation has deteriorated to the point that there were no viable preventive therapies to treat this disease.Developing effective treatment for COVID-19 has been a complex and ongoing endeavor.Objective:The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the structure,epidemiology,pathophysiology,po-tential therapeutic treatments,and preventive measures adopted in Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)in the management of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)virus.Methods:A systematic methodology has been adopted in this study following PRISMA guidelines.Several key-words like“COVID-19”“SARS-CoV-2”“Coronavirus”and“Traditional Chinese Medicine”were searched in var-ious databases like ScienceDirect,Google Scholar,PubMed,and ResearchGate during the time span of 2010-2023.Clinical trials and studies relevant to this study were identified through a systematic search strategy fol-lowing PRISMA methodology.Results:In this systematic review,after careful evaluation and reviewing of literature through PRISMA guidelines,145 relevant studies were identified,reviewed and included in this systematic review.A detailed study has been summarized on virus structure,etiology,epidemiology characteristics,pathophysiology,and potential therapeutic treatments and preventive measures adopted in traditional medicinal system in the treatment of infected COVID-19 patients.Conclusion:SARS-CoV-2 transmission dynamics and pathogenesis were revealed by the etiology analysis.COVID-19 symptoms and severe disease outcomes can be managed with certain repurposed drugs,traditional medicinal system and antivirals,which have been shown to be effective in treating COVID-19 infection.

Digitalizing Traditional Manufacturing Enterprises:A Three-Stage Evolutionary Model from the Perspective of Structure and Agency

Emerging digital technology are bringing convenience to the global economy and transforming business organizations.The structural changes brought about by digitalization are particularly significant for enterprises in traditional industries.Starting from the perspective of the debate between structure and agency in sociology,this paper first discusses the necessity of digital transformation of traditional manufacturing enterprises under the background of digital economy,and then explains the drivers and potential obstacles of digital transformation from the perspective of the coexistence of structure regulation and agency initiative.Based on this,this paper further studies the practice of enterprise digital transformation,and proposes a three-stage model of organizational adaptation(EEI model),namely,the experimentation period(partial digitalization),the expansion period(platform digitalization)and the integration period(ecosystem digitalization).Each of these three stages has its own independent characteristics,and is also an indispensable link in the process of enterprise digitalization,which determines the continuity and integrity of its transformation.The three-stage evolution model based on the structure and agency perspective has important theoretical and practical significance for enterprise digital development.

骨组织工程中传统与仿生支架结构设计的差异

背景:多孔支架作为新骨生长的临时基质在骨修复过程中起着关键作用,其中多孔支架的结构设计是骨修复过程中的研究重点。目的:综述传统支架(规则、均匀的支架)和仿生支架(不规则、不均匀的支架)在骨组织工程研究领域的应用。方法:检索中国知网(CNKI)、维普、万方、Web of Science、Science Direct、PubMed、EI等数据库,选取2008年1月至2024年3月发表的文献,中文检索词为“骨组织工程,仿生支架,骨小梁,传统支架,骨修复,三周期极小曲面”,英文检索词为“bone tissue engineering,bionic scaffolds,bone trabeculae,traditional scaffolds,bone repair,TPMS”。最终纳入81篇文献进行综述。结果与结论:骨支架的结构设计是实现骨修复和骨再生的关键,骨组织工程中的支架技术已取得显著进展。传统的规则多孔支架因简单的制造流程和良好的机械性能被广泛应用,然而这类支架往往缺乏生物活性,难以模拟自然骨组织的复杂微环境,限制了其在促进细胞增殖和骨再生方面的能力。相反,仿生支架通过模拟自然骨组织的结构特征,提供了更适宜的生理微环境,促进了成骨细胞的增殖、分化及新骨的形成,为骨缺损有效治疗提供了新的思路。尽管仿生支架在理论上具有巨大的潜力,但在实际应用中仍面临诸多挑战,支架的生物相容性、生物活性及长期稳定性等因素仍需通过临床试验进行进一步验证。