Objective To sort out the problems in the selection model of essential medicines in China,and to put forward some suggestions to optimize the selection model to ensure the rationality of the medicines in the essential...Objective To sort out the problems in the selection model of essential medicines in China,and to put forward some suggestions to optimize the selection model to ensure the rationality of the medicines in the essential medicines list.Methods The domestic and foreign literature on the selection of essential medicines was reviewed.Then,the opinions on the selection methods and results of essential medicines from foreign literature were investigated to make a comparison with the selection of essential medicines in China.Finally,the general and special laws of the selection process of the essential medicines were explored.Results and Conclusion It is recommended that the selection model of essential medicines in China should be further optimized,and the evidence-based thinking and methods should be utilized to enhance the scientific nature of the selection process.展开更多
Since the result of effect comparison is important for teacher's decision making,roles teacher feedback and peer review play respectively and collaboratively in tertiary-level EFL writing context should be address...Since the result of effect comparison is important for teacher's decision making,roles teacher feedback and peer review play respectively and collaboratively in tertiary-level EFL writing context should be addressed via quantitative study as this paper proposed.Quantitative data should be collected from students'first drafts,second drafts and written comments from teachers and peers.Gains for overall scores between the first and second drafts and correlation between suggestions and gains should be examined.展开更多
Reflective thinking and teachers' professional development has become a focus since the new curriculum reform.Based on a case study among English teachers in Zhangjiashan Middle School, this paper aims to find out...Reflective thinking and teachers' professional development has become a focus since the new curriculum reform.Based on a case study among English teachers in Zhangjiashan Middle School, this paper aims to find out the effectiveness to improve the reflective thinking by journal writing and the extent to which the journal writing is involved. From the result, a conclusion can be reached that journal writing can provide an opportunity for teachers to write reflectively about their teaching, and teachers differ in the extent to which they can write reflectively.展开更多
Selected Readings in American Literature is a required course for the third year of English major,and it is also a compulsory course for the Bachelor Degree of English Language and Literature at School of Foreign Lang...Selected Readings in American Literature is a required course for the third year of English major,and it is also a compulsory course for the Bachelor Degree of English Language and Literature at School of Foreign Languages,Leshan Normal University.The course uses the combination of English literary reading and course paper writing to develop students’English reading and writing skills,while focusing on the cultivating critical thinking skills of English majors.展开更多
This case study examines the use of LDOCE4 on CD-ROM in EFL students’writing.Four participants at different proficiency levels were invited to write a composition on a given title.They were then asked to revise their...This case study examines the use of LDOCE4 on CD-ROM in EFL students’writing.Four participants at different proficiency levels were invited to write a composition on a given title.They were then asked to revise their compositions twice,first using the paper dictionary,and secondly using the CD-ROM.Based on a comparison of the two versions,the following conclusions were drawn:1 The CD-ROM is generally more beneficial to EFL students’writing than the paper dictionary.2 Al though the CD-ROM is helpful,it is not a panacea.3 The CD-ROM can provide little help to lower intermediate learners.展开更多
The objective of the study is to examine the effects of Problem based English writing instruction on Thai Upper secondary school students' critical thinking abilities and argumentative writing skill.In this study,...The objective of the study is to examine the effects of Problem based English writing instruction on Thai Upper secondary school students' critical thinking abilities and argumentative writing skill.In this study,the researcher constructed 18weeks' training in a prestigious secondary school M6 level.The instruments used in this research include lesson plans,writing assignments,instructional material and topics.Critical thinking pre- test and post test were used to measure students' critical thinking development.Scoring rubric was designed to measure students' argumentative writing development.The data were analyzed using mean,t-test,correlation through SPSS system.The results of the analyses reveal that 1) students who learn through Problem based English Writing Instruction gained significantly higher average scores on the critical thinking post test than the critical thinking pre-test at the significance level of 0.05 and the mean difference is 0.5 which is referred to large effect;2) students who learn through Problem based English Writing Instruction gained significantly higher average score on their fifth argumentative writing assignment than the average score of their first argumentative writing assignment at the significance level of 0.05,with the mean of the effect size at 0.84 which referred to large effect.Problem-based English writing instruction was proved to be an effective way in improving students' Critical thinking and argumentative writing.展开更多
Dear Sir,Iam Dr.Emile Calenda,from the Department of Anesthesiology in Ophthalmology,Rouen University Hospital,Institute for Biomedical Research,Rouen,France.I write to present ultrasound visualization of local anesth...Dear Sir,Iam Dr.Emile Calenda,from the Department of Anesthesiology in Ophthalmology,Rouen University Hospital,Institute for Biomedical Research,Rouen,France.I write to present ultrasound visualization of local anesthetic spread after a sub-Tenon's anesthesia(3 patients)and after a peribulbar anesthesia(3 patients).展开更多
Objective:To explore the influence of blending learning on the critical thinking disposition among undergraduates.Methods:Two undergraduate classes majoring in Applied Psychology with similar level of critical thinkin...Objective:To explore the influence of blending learning on the critical thinking disposition among undergraduates.Methods:Two undergraduate classes majoring in Applied Psychology with similar level of critical thinking disposition were selected as the research subjects.Class A(106 students)was the experimental class,and class B(131 students)was the control class.During the research period of one semester(four months),the following measures were implemented for the two classes.The control class studied Developmental Psychology under the conventional teaching methods and procedures,while the experimental class studied Developmental Psychology according to the requirements and procedures of blending learning.The two classes were investigated with Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory-Chinese Version(CTDI-CV)at the beginning and end of the course.Results:At the beginning of the course,the total scores of CTDI-CV of the two classes were(217.33±14.90)and(218.31±16.29),respectively,with no significant difference(P>0.05).At the end of the course,the total scores of CTDI-CV of the experimental class and the control class were(237.84±17.53)and(224.22±17.52),respectively,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.001).Conclusion:Blending learning may have a positive effect in improving the critical thinking disposition in undergraduates.展开更多
Motivated by the continued growth of research on extensive reading and positive results from a variety of studies (e.g. Bell,2001; Nash &Yuan,1992; Nation, 1997), an investigation is conducted on the impact of ext...Motivated by the continued growth of research on extensive reading and positive results from a variety of studies (e.g. Bell,2001; Nash &Yuan,1992; Nation, 1997), an investigation is conducted on the impact of extensive reading on college students’ writing per-formance over a 20-week period. Data are collected from multiple sources, mainly including teacher and learners’ diaries, together with aninterview and writing tests. The results of the study show that extensive reading can enhance learners’ writing skills and promote a positiveattitude toward writing.展开更多
Based on a detailed analysis of all the works written by contemporary American writer Philip Roth,Xin Huimin’s monograph A Study of the Writing of the Memories in Philip Roth’s Fiction divides his literary writing c...Based on a detailed analysis of all the works written by contemporary American writer Philip Roth,Xin Huimin’s monograph A Study of the Writing of the Memories in Philip Roth’s Fiction divides his literary writing career of more than half a century into three phases:the Jewish writing phase,the American writing phase and the phase of“late style”writing.Drawing on related theories of memory,Xin explores how the protagonists in Roth’s seven novels use their various modes of memory to fashion and reconstruct their ethnical,national and personal identity,and further points out that these three distinct phases correspond to Roth’s shifts from a Jewish writer,an American writer,and to an aging writer.The book comprehensively manifests Roth’s ethical concerns,his political appeal and the aesthetic value of his works.展开更多
Based on the contrastive analysis of Chinese and English modes of thinking, this essay analyzes from two aspects the effects of their discrepancies on the discourse organization of Chinese students ' English writi...Based on the contrastive analysis of Chinese and English modes of thinking, this essay analyzes from two aspects the effects of their discrepancies on the discourse organization of Chinese students ' English writing, then explains the fundamental reason for these effects and proposes that teachers should impart to students knowledge about the differences between Chinese and English mode of thinking so that Chinese students can be better helped to organize their compositions on the English discourse patterns and compose idiomatic English writings.展开更多
This paper used case study to investigates the relationship between EFL Reading and EFL Writing in terms of differences in writing strategies with the goal of throwing some light into the flied that has been relativel...This paper used case study to investigates the relationship between EFL Reading and EFL Writing in terms of differences in writing strategies with the goal of throwing some light into the flied that has been relatively untouched.Data were collected from think-aloud protocols of four Chinese undergraduate university students,two proficient readers and two less proficient readers.They first took an English Reading Comprehension Test and English Writing Test to evaluate their reading and writing perfor?mance.Then they were trained to think-aloud in the composing process.Subsequently,they did think aloud as they wrote another essay.The major finding of the study consists with the evidences of other studies that reading and writing are interrelated.And fur?ther revealed that reading influence application of writing strategies and writing performance,which provide pedagogical implica?tion for EFL researchers and educators.展开更多
The method of questionnaire is employed to investigate the impact of Chinese thinking in the writing processes of 80 college English majors.It reveals that the English writing process is a bilingual event(namely,Engli...The method of questionnaire is employed to investigate the impact of Chinese thinking in the writing processes of 80 college English majors.It reveals that the English writing process is a bilingual event(namely,English writers have both Chinese and English at their disposal when they are composing in English).And no matter whether the English proficiency of the learners is high or low,the learners have a great dependence on Chinese thinking in the process of English writing.In the categories of task reacting and content organizing,there is no great difference between the high and low English proficiency students.But in the category of linguistic form,the influence of Chinese thinking on the low level students is far greater than the high level students.展开更多
This paper reveals and categorizes the most typical writing problems found amongst the Chinese university students.It also analyzes the underlying causes.The findings could have implications for all Chinese English le...This paper reveals and categorizes the most typical writing problems found amongst the Chinese university students.It also analyzes the underlying causes.The findings could have implications for all Chinese English learners.In the end,the author presents suggestions for the improvement of the English writing teaching in China.展开更多
Since the students are influenced by Chinese thinking pattern,they apply Chinese linguistic knowledge in English writ-ing.This paper analyzes the influence of the negative transfer of mother tongue in English writing ...Since the students are influenced by Chinese thinking pattern,they apply Chinese linguistic knowledge in English writ-ing.This paper analyzes the influence of the negative transfer of mother tongue in English writing from the levels of lexis,syntaxand discourse.The aim is to pursue some efficient methods of the improvement of college English writing.展开更多
文摘Objective To sort out the problems in the selection model of essential medicines in China,and to put forward some suggestions to optimize the selection model to ensure the rationality of the medicines in the essential medicines list.Methods The domestic and foreign literature on the selection of essential medicines was reviewed.Then,the opinions on the selection methods and results of essential medicines from foreign literature were investigated to make a comparison with the selection of essential medicines in China.Finally,the general and special laws of the selection process of the essential medicines were explored.Results and Conclusion It is recommended that the selection model of essential medicines in China should be further optimized,and the evidence-based thinking and methods should be utilized to enhance the scientific nature of the selection process.
文摘Since the result of effect comparison is important for teacher's decision making,roles teacher feedback and peer review play respectively and collaboratively in tertiary-level EFL writing context should be addressed via quantitative study as this paper proposed.Quantitative data should be collected from students'first drafts,second drafts and written comments from teachers and peers.Gains for overall scores between the first and second drafts and correlation between suggestions and gains should be examined.
文摘Reflective thinking and teachers' professional development has become a focus since the new curriculum reform.Based on a case study among English teachers in Zhangjiashan Middle School, this paper aims to find out the effectiveness to improve the reflective thinking by journal writing and the extent to which the journal writing is involved. From the result, a conclusion can be reached that journal writing can provide an opportunity for teachers to write reflectively about their teaching, and teachers differ in the extent to which they can write reflectively.
基金This paper is one of the research results of Key Research Project on the Reform of Education&Teaching in Leshan Normal University:The Cultivation and Practice of Students’Critical Thinking Ability in the Core Courses of English Majors(JG2015-ZD02).
文摘Selected Readings in American Literature is a required course for the third year of English major,and it is also a compulsory course for the Bachelor Degree of English Language and Literature at School of Foreign Languages,Leshan Normal University.The course uses the combination of English literary reading and course paper writing to develop students’English reading and writing skills,while focusing on the cultivating critical thinking skills of English majors.
文摘This case study examines the use of LDOCE4 on CD-ROM in EFL students’writing.Four participants at different proficiency levels were invited to write a composition on a given title.They were then asked to revise their compositions twice,first using the paper dictionary,and secondly using the CD-ROM.Based on a comparison of the two versions,the following conclusions were drawn:1 The CD-ROM is generally more beneficial to EFL students’writing than the paper dictionary.2 Al though the CD-ROM is helpful,it is not a panacea.3 The CD-ROM can provide little help to lower intermediate learners.
文摘The objective of the study is to examine the effects of Problem based English writing instruction on Thai Upper secondary school students' critical thinking abilities and argumentative writing skill.In this study,the researcher constructed 18weeks' training in a prestigious secondary school M6 level.The instruments used in this research include lesson plans,writing assignments,instructional material and topics.Critical thinking pre- test and post test were used to measure students' critical thinking development.Scoring rubric was designed to measure students' argumentative writing development.The data were analyzed using mean,t-test,correlation through SPSS system.The results of the analyses reveal that 1) students who learn through Problem based English Writing Instruction gained significantly higher average scores on the critical thinking post test than the critical thinking pre-test at the significance level of 0.05 and the mean difference is 0.5 which is referred to large effect;2) students who learn through Problem based English Writing Instruction gained significantly higher average score on their fifth argumentative writing assignment than the average score of their first argumentative writing assignment at the significance level of 0.05,with the mean of the effect size at 0.84 which referred to large effect.Problem-based English writing instruction was proved to be an effective way in improving students' Critical thinking and argumentative writing.
文摘Dear Sir,Iam Dr.Emile Calenda,from the Department of Anesthesiology in Ophthalmology,Rouen University Hospital,Institute for Biomedical Research,Rouen,France.I write to present ultrasound visualization of local anesthetic spread after a sub-Tenon's anesthesia(3 patients)and after a peribulbar anesthesia(3 patients).
文摘Objective:To explore the influence of blending learning on the critical thinking disposition among undergraduates.Methods:Two undergraduate classes majoring in Applied Psychology with similar level of critical thinking disposition were selected as the research subjects.Class A(106 students)was the experimental class,and class B(131 students)was the control class.During the research period of one semester(four months),the following measures were implemented for the two classes.The control class studied Developmental Psychology under the conventional teaching methods and procedures,while the experimental class studied Developmental Psychology according to the requirements and procedures of blending learning.The two classes were investigated with Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory-Chinese Version(CTDI-CV)at the beginning and end of the course.Results:At the beginning of the course,the total scores of CTDI-CV of the two classes were(217.33±14.90)and(218.31±16.29),respectively,with no significant difference(P>0.05).At the end of the course,the total scores of CTDI-CV of the experimental class and the control class were(237.84±17.53)and(224.22±17.52),respectively,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.001).Conclusion:Blending learning may have a positive effect in improving the critical thinking disposition in undergraduates.
文摘Motivated by the continued growth of research on extensive reading and positive results from a variety of studies (e.g. Bell,2001; Nash &Yuan,1992; Nation, 1997), an investigation is conducted on the impact of extensive reading on college students’ writing per-formance over a 20-week period. Data are collected from multiple sources, mainly including teacher and learners’ diaries, together with aninterview and writing tests. The results of the study show that extensive reading can enhance learners’ writing skills and promote a positiveattitude toward writing.
文摘Based on a detailed analysis of all the works written by contemporary American writer Philip Roth,Xin Huimin’s monograph A Study of the Writing of the Memories in Philip Roth’s Fiction divides his literary writing career of more than half a century into three phases:the Jewish writing phase,the American writing phase and the phase of“late style”writing.Drawing on related theories of memory,Xin explores how the protagonists in Roth’s seven novels use their various modes of memory to fashion and reconstruct their ethnical,national and personal identity,and further points out that these three distinct phases correspond to Roth’s shifts from a Jewish writer,an American writer,and to an aging writer.The book comprehensively manifests Roth’s ethical concerns,his political appeal and the aesthetic value of his works.
文摘Based on the contrastive analysis of Chinese and English modes of thinking, this essay analyzes from two aspects the effects of their discrepancies on the discourse organization of Chinese students ' English writing, then explains the fundamental reason for these effects and proposes that teachers should impart to students knowledge about the differences between Chinese and English mode of thinking so that Chinese students can be better helped to organize their compositions on the English discourse patterns and compose idiomatic English writings.
文摘This paper used case study to investigates the relationship between EFL Reading and EFL Writing in terms of differences in writing strategies with the goal of throwing some light into the flied that has been relatively untouched.Data were collected from think-aloud protocols of four Chinese undergraduate university students,two proficient readers and two less proficient readers.They first took an English Reading Comprehension Test and English Writing Test to evaluate their reading and writing perfor?mance.Then they were trained to think-aloud in the composing process.Subsequently,they did think aloud as they wrote another essay.The major finding of the study consists with the evidences of other studies that reading and writing are interrelated.And fur?ther revealed that reading influence application of writing strategies and writing performance,which provide pedagogical implica?tion for EFL researchers and educators.
文摘The method of questionnaire is employed to investigate the impact of Chinese thinking in the writing processes of 80 college English majors.It reveals that the English writing process is a bilingual event(namely,English writers have both Chinese and English at their disposal when they are composing in English).And no matter whether the English proficiency of the learners is high or low,the learners have a great dependence on Chinese thinking in the process of English writing.In the categories of task reacting and content organizing,there is no great difference between the high and low English proficiency students.But in the category of linguistic form,the influence of Chinese thinking on the low level students is far greater than the high level students.
文摘This paper reveals and categorizes the most typical writing problems found amongst the Chinese university students.It also analyzes the underlying causes.The findings could have implications for all Chinese English learners.In the end,the author presents suggestions for the improvement of the English writing teaching in China.
文摘Since the students are influenced by Chinese thinking pattern,they apply Chinese linguistic knowledge in English writ-ing.This paper analyzes the influence of the negative transfer of mother tongue in English writing from the levels of lexis,syntaxand discourse.The aim is to pursue some efficient methods of the improvement of college English writing.