The history of science and medicine has long been steeped in the notion that they are objective(untainted by the philosophical and ideological ebbs and flows of society)and utilitarian(doing what is best for the great...The history of science and medicine has long been steeped in the notion that they are objective(untainted by the philosophical and ideological ebbs and flows of society)and utilitarian(doing what is best for the greater good).Because of this,scientific and medical epistemologies and praxis are often held to an esteem that is unquestioned,celebrated,and occasionally unchecked.A closer look at the history of science and medicine,however,readily reveal the extent to which the milieu of society has informed scientific and medical endeavors.As such,an understanding of how the subjectivities of scientific and medical endeavors situate within our contemporary disciplines and practices is significant to one’s ability to truly understand said disciplines.Likewise,such an evaluation will provide insight into our role in perpetuating the illusion of objectivity in these fields.With this in mind,this paper provides a philosophical and historical examination of the concept of objectivity(in contrast to subjectivity)in science and medicine.展开更多
Throughout the history of modern and contemporary China, the concept of ＂science＂ maintains a crucial significance. Since the May Fourth period, ＂science＂ represented the advanced civilization and culture of the W...Throughout the history of modern and contemporary China, the concept of ＂science＂ maintains a crucial significance. Since the May Fourth period, ＂science＂ represented the advanced civilization and culture of the West Because of its critical role, quarrels over the question of science were abundant in China in the years after the Cultural Revolution, notably in the ＂debates on humanism and science＂ （kexue lunzheng）. Following that, scientific Marxism, which is based on natural dialectics, surpassed other discourses to become of dominated importance to the intellectual discourses of post-Mao China. Scientific Marxism was considered the highest form of truth in revolutionary China, when transcendental truth reigned supreme. Following the Cultural Revolution, intellectuals embracing scientific thought sought to locate ＂another science＂ with which to replace scientific Marxism. Addressing an understudied yet crucial aspect of 198os intellectual history, this paper explores the central ideas and discourses of scientism in this historical moment, as well as the intellectuals who took part in its construction and controversy.展开更多
基于中国知网(China national knowledge internet,CNKI)和ISI Web of Science数据库,对灰色系统理论近40年来的成果进行检索和梳理。在中国知网数据库中输入灰色系统、灰数和序列算子等10个词组,共查到文献22.7万多篇。进入21世纪之后...基于中国知网(China national knowledge internet,CNKI)和ISI Web of Science数据库,对灰色系统理论近40年来的成果进行检索和梳理。在中国知网数据库中输入灰色系统、灰数和序列算子等10个词组,共查到文献22.7万多篇。进入21世纪之后,中国知网数据库收录的灰色系统论文呈快速增长趋势。自2008年起每年收录的论文超过1万篇,2014年起突破1.5万篇。灰色系统方法和模型被广泛应用于物理、化学和生物等自然科学各学科领域以及交通、电力、机械等工程技术领域,取得大量具有重要价值的成果。从承担国家重要科技计划的项目组和中国双一流高校发表的大量应用灰色系统方法和模型的文献可以看出,灰色系统理论在推动中国科技进步、创新发展及高层次人才培养过程中发挥了重要作用。展开更多
文摘The history of science and medicine has long been steeped in the notion that they are objective(untainted by the philosophical and ideological ebbs and flows of society)and utilitarian(doing what is best for the greater good).Because of this,scientific and medical epistemologies and praxis are often held to an esteem that is unquestioned,celebrated,and occasionally unchecked.A closer look at the history of science and medicine,however,readily reveal the extent to which the milieu of society has informed scientific and medical endeavors.As such,an understanding of how the subjectivities of scientific and medical endeavors situate within our contemporary disciplines and practices is significant to one’s ability to truly understand said disciplines.Likewise,such an evaluation will provide insight into our role in perpetuating the illusion of objectivity in these fields.With this in mind,this paper provides a philosophical and historical examination of the concept of objectivity(in contrast to subjectivity)in science and medicine.
文摘Throughout the history of modern and contemporary China, the concept of ＂science＂ maintains a crucial significance. Since the May Fourth period, ＂science＂ represented the advanced civilization and culture of the West Because of its critical role, quarrels over the question of science were abundant in China in the years after the Cultural Revolution, notably in the ＂debates on humanism and science＂ （kexue lunzheng）. Following that, scientific Marxism, which is based on natural dialectics, surpassed other discourses to become of dominated importance to the intellectual discourses of post-Mao China. Scientific Marxism was considered the highest form of truth in revolutionary China, when transcendental truth reigned supreme. Following the Cultural Revolution, intellectuals embracing scientific thought sought to locate ＂another science＂ with which to replace scientific Marxism. Addressing an understudied yet crucial aspect of 198os intellectual history, this paper explores the central ideas and discourses of scientism in this historical moment, as well as the intellectuals who took part in its construction and controversy.
文摘基于中国知网(China national knowledge internet,CNKI)和ISI Web of Science数据库,对灰色系统理论近40年来的成果进行检索和梳理。在中国知网数据库中输入灰色系统、灰数和序列算子等10个词组,共查到文献22.7万多篇。进入21世纪之后,中国知网数据库收录的灰色系统论文呈快速增长趋势。自2008年起每年收录的论文超过1万篇,2014年起突破1.5万篇。灰色系统方法和模型被广泛应用于物理、化学和生物等自然科学各学科领域以及交通、电力、机械等工程技术领域,取得大量具有重要价值的成果。从承担国家重要科技计划的项目组和中国双一流高校发表的大量应用灰色系统方法和模型的文献可以看出,灰色系统理论在推动中国科技进步、创新发展及高层次人才培养过程中发挥了重要作用。
