Sums of convergent series for any desired number of terms, which may be infinite, are estimated very accurately by establishing definite rational polynomials. For infinite number of terms the sum infinite is obtained ...Sums of convergent series for any desired number of terms, which may be infinite, are estimated very accurately by establishing definite rational polynomials. For infinite number of terms the sum infinite is obtained by taking the asymptotic limit of the rational polynomial. A rational function with second-degree polynomials both in the numerator and denominator is found to produce excellent results. Sums of series with different characteristics such as alternating signs are considered for testing the performance of the proposed approach.展开更多
The problem of evaluating an infinite series whose successive terms are reciprocal squares of the natural numbers was posed without a solution being offered in the middle of the seventeenth century. In the modern era,...The problem of evaluating an infinite series whose successive terms are reciprocal squares of the natural numbers was posed without a solution being offered in the middle of the seventeenth century. In the modern era, it is part of the theory of the Riemann zeta-function, specifically ζ (2). Jakob Bernoulli attempted to solve it by considering other more tractable series which were superficially similar and which he hoped could be algebraically manipulated to yield a solution to the difficult series. This approach was eventually unsuccessful, however, Bernoulli did produce an early monograph on summation of series. It remained for Bernoulli’s student and countryman Leonhard Euler to ultimately determine the sum to be . We characterize a class of series based on generalizing Bernoulli’s original work by adding two additional parameters to the summations. We also develop a recursion formula that allows summation of any member of the class.展开更多
In this article we shall examine several different types of figurative numbers which have been studied extensively over the period of 2500 years, and currently scattered on hundreds of websites. We shall discuss their...In this article we shall examine several different types of figurative numbers which have been studied extensively over the period of 2500 years, and currently scattered on hundreds of websites. We shall discuss their computation through simple recurrence relations, patterns and properties, and mutual relationships which have led to curious results in the field of elementary number theory. Further, for each type of figurative numbers we shall show that the addition of first finite numbers and infinite addition of their inverses often require new/strange techniques. We sincerely hope that besides experts, students and teachers of mathematics will also be benefited with this article.展开更多
In this paper, we discuss the relation between the partial sums of Jacobi serier on an elliptic region and the corresponding partial sums of Fourier series. From this we derive a precise approximation formula by the p...In this paper, we discuss the relation between the partial sums of Jacobi serier on an elliptic region and the corresponding partial sums of Fourier series. From this we derive a precise approximation formula by the partial sums of Jacobi series on an elliptic region.展开更多
The error-sum function of alternating Lǖroth series is introduced, which, to some extent, discerns the superior or not of an expansion comparing to other expansions. Some elementary properties of this function are st...The error-sum function of alternating Lǖroth series is introduced, which, to some extent, discerns the superior or not of an expansion comparing to other expansions. Some elementary properties of this function are studied. Also, the Hausdorff dimension of graph of such function is determined.展开更多
The error-sum function of alternating Sylvester series is introduced. Some elementary properties of this function are studied. Also, the hausdorff dimension of the graph of such function is determined.
In this paper, we show that new modified double cosine trigonometric sums introduced in [1] are inappropriate, the class of double sequences Jintroduced there is unusable for such sums and consequently the results obt...In this paper, we show that new modified double cosine trigonometric sums introduced in [1] are inappropriate, the class of double sequences Jintroduced there is unusable for such sums and consequently the results obtained in it are completely incorrect. We here introduce appropriate modified double cosine trigonometric sums making the class Jusable considering a particular double cosine trigonometric series.展开更多
对Rademacher级数sum(±u_n)from n=1 to ∞的性质进行了研究,结果表明:Rademacher级数所具有的确界原理可推导出收缩原理,而更为一般的随机级数sum(ξ_nu_n)from n=1 to ∞也可以满足确界原理,因而将收缩原理推广到了更为一般的随...对Rademacher级数sum(±u_n)from n=1 to ∞的性质进行了研究,结果表明:Rademacher级数所具有的确界原理可推导出收缩原理,而更为一般的随机级数sum(ξ_nu_n)from n=1 to ∞也可以满足确界原理,因而将收缩原理推广到了更为一般的随机级数sum(ξ_nu_n)from n=1 to ∞,从而得到了更好的结果.展开更多
We give a systematic account of results which assure positivity and boundedness of partial sums of cosine or sine series. New proofs of recent results are sketched.
Let Sigma (infinity)(n=1) X-n be a series of independent random variables with at least one non-degenerate X-n, and let F-n be the distribution function of its partial sums S-n = Sigma (n)(k=1) X-k. Motivated by Hilde...Let Sigma (infinity)(n=1) X-n be a series of independent random variables with at least one non-degenerate X-n, and let F-n be the distribution function of its partial sums S-n = Sigma (n)(k=1) X-k. Motivated by Hildebrand's work in [1], the authors investigate the a.s. convergence of Sigma (infinity)(n=1) X-n under a hypothesis that Sigma (infinity)(n=1) rho (X-n, c(n)) = infinity whener Sigma (infinity)(n=1) c(n) diverges, where the notation rho (X,c) denotes the Levy distance between the random variable X and the constant c. The principal result of this paper shows that the hypothesis is the condition under which the convergence of F-n(x(0)) with the limit value 0 < L-0 < 1, together with the essential convergence of Sigma (infinity)(n=1) X-n, is both sufficient and necessary in order for the series Sigma (infinity)(n=1) X-n to a.s. coverage. Moreover, if the essential convergence of Sigma (infinity)(n=1) X-n is strengthened to limsup(n=infinity) P(\S-n\ < K) = 1 for some K > 0, the hypothesis is already equivalent to the a.s. convergence of Sigma (infinity)(n=1) X-n. Here they have not only founded a very general limit theorem, but improved the related result in Hildebrand([1]) as well.展开更多
寻找求sum from i=1 to n i^k值的方法,研究得不浅[1-9]都有介绍。这里仅用微积分的最基本知识推出较简便的自然数幂之和的求值递推公式:S_n^(k+1)=(k+1)[integral from n=0 to n(S^k(x)dx)-n integral from n=-1 to 0 (S^k(x)ds)。其中...寻找求sum from i=1 to n i^k值的方法,研究得不浅[1-9]都有介绍。这里仅用微积分的最基本知识推出较简便的自然数幂之和的求值递推公式:S_n^(k+1)=(k+1)[integral from n=0 to n(S^k(x)dx)-n integral from n=-1 to 0 (S^k(x)ds)。其中S^k(x)是S_n^k=sum from i=1 to i^k的派生函数。展开更多
文摘Sums of convergent series for any desired number of terms, which may be infinite, are estimated very accurately by establishing definite rational polynomials. For infinite number of terms the sum infinite is obtained by taking the asymptotic limit of the rational polynomial. A rational function with second-degree polynomials both in the numerator and denominator is found to produce excellent results. Sums of series with different characteristics such as alternating signs are considered for testing the performance of the proposed approach.
文摘The problem of evaluating an infinite series whose successive terms are reciprocal squares of the natural numbers was posed without a solution being offered in the middle of the seventeenth century. In the modern era, it is part of the theory of the Riemann zeta-function, specifically ζ (2). Jakob Bernoulli attempted to solve it by considering other more tractable series which were superficially similar and which he hoped could be algebraically manipulated to yield a solution to the difficult series. This approach was eventually unsuccessful, however, Bernoulli did produce an early monograph on summation of series. It remained for Bernoulli’s student and countryman Leonhard Euler to ultimately determine the sum to be . We characterize a class of series based on generalizing Bernoulli’s original work by adding two additional parameters to the summations. We also develop a recursion formula that allows summation of any member of the class.
文摘In this article we shall examine several different types of figurative numbers which have been studied extensively over the period of 2500 years, and currently scattered on hundreds of websites. We shall discuss their computation through simple recurrence relations, patterns and properties, and mutual relationships which have led to curious results in the field of elementary number theory. Further, for each type of figurative numbers we shall show that the addition of first finite numbers and infinite addition of their inverses often require new/strange techniques. We sincerely hope that besides experts, students and teachers of mathematics will also be benefited with this article.
文摘In this paper, we discuss the relation between the partial sums of Jacobi serier on an elliptic region and the corresponding partial sums of Fourier series. From this we derive a precise approximation formula by the partial sums of Jacobi series on an elliptic region.
文摘The error-sum function of alternating Lǖroth series is introduced, which, to some extent, discerns the superior or not of an expansion comparing to other expansions. Some elementary properties of this function are studied. Also, the Hausdorff dimension of graph of such function is determined.
文摘The error-sum function of alternating Sylvester series is introduced. Some elementary properties of this function are studied. Also, the hausdorff dimension of the graph of such function is determined.
文摘In this paper, we show that new modified double cosine trigonometric sums introduced in [1] are inappropriate, the class of double sequences Jintroduced there is unusable for such sums and consequently the results obtained in it are completely incorrect. We here introduce appropriate modified double cosine trigonometric sums making the class Jusable considering a particular double cosine trigonometric series.
文摘对Rademacher级数sum(±u_n)from n=1 to ∞的性质进行了研究,结果表明:Rademacher级数所具有的确界原理可推导出收缩原理,而更为一般的随机级数sum(ξ_nu_n)from n=1 to ∞也可以满足确界原理,因而将收缩原理推广到了更为一般的随机级数sum(ξ_nu_n)from n=1 to ∞,从而得到了更好的结果.
文摘We give a systematic account of results which assure positivity and boundedness of partial sums of cosine or sine series. New proofs of recent results are sketched.
文摘Let Sigma (infinity)(n=1) X-n be a series of independent random variables with at least one non-degenerate X-n, and let F-n be the distribution function of its partial sums S-n = Sigma (n)(k=1) X-k. Motivated by Hildebrand's work in [1], the authors investigate the a.s. convergence of Sigma (infinity)(n=1) X-n under a hypothesis that Sigma (infinity)(n=1) rho (X-n, c(n)) = infinity whener Sigma (infinity)(n=1) c(n) diverges, where the notation rho (X,c) denotes the Levy distance between the random variable X and the constant c. The principal result of this paper shows that the hypothesis is the condition under which the convergence of F-n(x(0)) with the limit value 0 < L-0 < 1, together with the essential convergence of Sigma (infinity)(n=1) X-n, is both sufficient and necessary in order for the series Sigma (infinity)(n=1) X-n to a.s. coverage. Moreover, if the essential convergence of Sigma (infinity)(n=1) X-n is strengthened to limsup(n=infinity) P(\S-n\ < K) = 1 for some K > 0, the hypothesis is already equivalent to the a.s. convergence of Sigma (infinity)(n=1) X-n. Here they have not only founded a very general limit theorem, but improved the related result in Hildebrand([1]) as well.
文摘寻找求sum from i=1 to n i^k值的方法,研究得不浅[1-9]都有介绍。这里仅用微积分的最基本知识推出较简便的自然数幂之和的求值递推公式:S_n^(k+1)=(k+1)[integral from n=0 to n(S^k(x)dx)-n integral from n=-1 to 0 (S^k(x)ds)。其中S^k(x)是S_n^k=sum from i=1 to i^k的派生函数。
