Study on the Nitrogen Release Law of Bamboo Charcoal-coated Urea and Its Biological Utilization Effects

[Objective] The study about the nitrogen releasing law of bamboo-charcoal coated urea and the biologic utilization effect was to find the coated urea with high efficiency,low price and simple production technology.[Method]Two kinds of bamboo-charcoal coated urea(BCCU)with different coating thickness were made by using bamboo-charcoal and macromolecule polymer as coating material.The experiments of soil eluviate,ammonia volatilization in corn field and potted plant of corn were conducted to study the nitrogen releasing law and the biologic utilization effect of self-made BCCU.[Result]The BCCU showed some slow-release capability and their accumulated nitrogen releasing rates in 29 d were 9.93%-16.27% lower than that of normal urea.Compared with the normal urea,the volatilization rate of ammonia in BCCU reduced to 16.66%-31.8%,the biomass of corn and nitrogen utilization rate increased by 12.8%-24.1% and 10.5%-16.99%,respectively.[Conclusion]Bamboo-charcoal in coated urea not only had some slow-release capability,but also had some adsorbability,which would reduce the eluviation and volatilization of nitrogen and protect environment from N pollution.

Structural properties of residual carbon in coal gasification fine slag and their influence on flotation separation and resource utilization:A review

Coal gasification fine slag(FS)is a typical solid waste generated in coal gasification.Its current disposal methods of stockpil-ing and landfilling have caused serious soil and ecological hazards.Separation recovery and the high-value utilization of residual carbon(RC)in FS are the keys to realizing the win-win situation of the coal chemical industry in terms of economic and environmental benefits.The structural properties,such as pore,surface functional group,and microcrystalline structures,of RC in FS(FS-RC)not only affect the flotation recovery efficiency of FS-RC but also form the basis for the high-value utilization of FS-RC.In this paper,the characteristics of FS-RC in terms of pore structure,surface functional groups,and microcrystalline structure are sorted out in accordance with gasification type and FS particle size.The reasons for the formation of the special structural properties of FS-RC are analyzed,and their influence on the flotation separation and high-value utilization of FS-RC is summarized.Separation methods based on the pore structural characterist-ics of FS-RC,such as ultrasonic pretreatment-pore-blocking flotation and pore breaking-flocculation flotation,are proposed to be the key development technologies for improving FS-RC recovery in the future.The design of low-cost,low-dose collectors containing polar bonds based on the surface and microcrystalline structures of FS-RC is proposed to be an important breakthrough point for strengthening the flotation efficiency of FS-RC in the future.The high-value utilization of FS should be based on the physicochemical structural proper-ties of FS-RC and should focus on the environmental impact of hazardous elements and the recyclability of chemical waste liquid to es-tablish an environmentally friendly utilization method.This review is of great theoretical importance for the comprehensive understand-ing of the unique structural properties of FS-RC,the breakthrough of the technological bottleneck in the efficient flotation separation of FS,and the expansion of the field of the high value-added utilization of FS-RC.

The 2024 Compendium of Physical Activities and its expansion

First developed 30 years ago,the Compendium of Physical Activities(Compendium)was created to provide a standardized way of measuring and classifying specific physical activities(PAs),allowing researchers and health professionals to assess the energy expenditure and health benefits associated with different PA.1Since its inception,the Compendium has been widely utilized and recognized as a fundamental PA and health resource.

Message from animal models and experimental medicine for 2024-Persevering in its mission to be at the heart of laboratory animal science

In recent years,new technologies have enabled a steady stream of novel theoretical approaches to understanding the mechanisms of disease occurrence and development.The emergence of these new technologies has provided the pharmaceutical industry with a huge amount of data that can be utilized,such as brain-computer inter-faces,artificial intelligence(AI)doctors,wearable medical testing de-vices,etc.

Effects of the kinetic pattern of dietary glucose release on nitrogen utilization, the portal amino acid profile, and nutrient transporter expression in intestinal enterocytes in piglets

Background Promoting the synchronization of glucose and amino acid release in the digestive tract of pigs could effectively improve dietary nitrogen utilization.The rational allocation of dietary starch sources and the exploration of appropriate dietary glucose release kinetics may promote the dynamic balance of dietary glucose and amino acid supplies.However,research on the effects of diets with different glucose release kinetic profiles on amino acid absorption and portal amino acid appearance in piglets is limited.This study aimed to investigate the effects of the kinetic pattern of dietary glucose release on nitrogen utilization,the portal amino acid profile,and nutrient transporter expression in intestinal enterocytes in piglets.Methods Sixty-four barrows(15.00±1.12 kg)were randomly allotted to 4 groups and fed diets formulated with starch from corn,corn/barley,corn/sorghum,or corn/cassava combinations(diets were coded A,B,C,or D respectively).Protein retention,the concentrations of portal amino acid and glucose,and the relative expression of amino acid and glucose transporter m RNAs were investigated.In vitro digestion was used to compare the dietary glucose release profiles.Results Four piglet diets with different glucose release kinetics were constructed by adjusting starch sources.The in vivo appearance dynamics of portal glucose were consistent with those of in vitro dietary glucose release kinetics.Total nitrogen excretion was reduced in the piglets in group B,while apparent nitrogen digestibility and nitrogen retention increased(P<0.05).Regardless of the time(2 h or 4 h after morning feeding),the portal total free amino acids content and contents of some individual amino acids(Thr,Glu,Gly,Ala,and Ile)of the piglets in group B were significantly higher than those in groups A,C,and D(P<0.05).Cluster analysis showed that different glucose release kinetic patterns resulted in different portal amino acid patterns in piglets,which decreased gradually with the extension of feeding time.The portal His/Phe,Pro/Glu,Leu/Val,Lys/Met,Tyr/Ile and Ala/Gly appeared higher similarity among the diet treatments.In the anterior jejunum,the glucose transporter SGLT1 was significantly positively correlated with the amino acid transporters B0AT1,EAAC1,and CAT1.Conclusions Rational allocation of starch resources could regulate dietary glucose release kinetics.In the present study,group B(corn/barley)diet exhibited a better glucose release kinetic pattern than the other groups,which could affect the portal amino acid contents and patterns by regulating the expression of amino acid transporters in the small intestine,thereby promoting nitrogen deposition in the body,and improving the utilization efficiency of dietary nitrogen.

An integrated technology for the absorption and utilization of CO_(2)in alkanolamine solution for the preparation of BaCO_(3)in a high-gravity environment

In this study,an integrated technology is proposed for the absorption and utilization of CO_(2)in alkanolamine solution for the preparation of BaCO_(3)in a high-gravity environment.The effects of absorbent type,high-gravity factor,gas/liquid ratio,and initial BaCl2concentration on the absorption rate and amount of CO_(2)and the preparation of BaCO_(3)are investigated.The results reveal that the absorption rate and amount of CO_(2)follow the order of ethyl alkanolamine(MEA)>diethanol amine(DEA)>N-methyldiethanolamine(MDEA),and thus MEA is the most effective absorbent for CO_(2)absorption.The absorption rate and amount of CO_(2)under high gravity are higher than that under normal gravity.Notably,the absorption rate at 75 min under high gravity is approximately 2 times that under normal gravity.This is because the centrifugal force resulting from the high-speed rotation of the packing can greatly increase gas-liquid mass transfer and micromixing.The particle size of BaCO_(3)prepared in the rotating packed bed is in the range of 57.2—89 nm,which is much smaller than that prepared in the bubbling reactor(>100.3 nm),and it also has higher purity(99.6%)and larger specific surface area(14.119 m^(2)·g^(-1)).It is concluded that the high-gravity technology has the potential to increase the absorption and utilization of CO_(2)in alkanolamine solution for the preparation of BaCO_(3).This study provides new insights into carbon emissions reduction and carbon utilization.

Distributions of dissolved oxygen and apparent oxygen utilization in the Cosmonaut Sea and Amundsen Sea in austral summer 2022

Dissolved oxygen(DO)and apparent oxygen utilization(AOU)are essential parameters for evaluating the impact of climate change on marine ecosystems.In this study,we utilized data on DO and AOU collected from the Amundsen Sea(western Antarctic)and the Cosmonaut Sea(eastern Antarctic)during the 38th Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition,along with chlorophyll a(Chl a)data,to analyze the impact of primary production and the spatial distribution and structural features of water masses in these regions.The findings show that the standard deviation range of parallel DO samples is between 0.1 and 3.9μmol·L^(-1),meeting the precision criteria of the survey method.AOU values lower than 0.0μmol·L^(-1) were commonly observed in the surface waters of both regions,with the highest incidence in the polynya of Amundsen Sea,indicating a strong influence of high primary production.The Cosmonaut Sea exhibited the highest AOU values(higher than 160.0μmol·L^(-1))in the 75-500 m layer,while AOU value in the Amundsen Sea did not exceed 160.0μmol·L^(-1),suggesting potential upwelling of Circumpolar Deep Water to 100 m in the Cosmonaut Sea with minimal changes in its properties,whereas significant changes were noted in the properties of upwelling modified Circumpolar Deep Water in the Amundsen Sea.AOU values lower than 125.0μmol·L^(-1)were detected in the near-bottom waters of the Cosmonaut Sea,indicating the presence of Antarctic Bottom Water.

CGE model-based analysis of the neutralized hybrid carbon policy and its decomposed effects on economic growth,carbon reduction,and energy utilization costs

The hybrid policy is a flexible policy tool that combines features of carbon trading and carbon taxation.Its economic and environmental effects under China's background are still not studied in detail.Given the exogenous carbon reduction targets,carbon prices,and carbon tax-rates,by computable general equilibrium modeling methods and factor decomposition methods,this article investigates direct and cascaded effects of the hybrid policy on economic growth,energy utilization,and carbon emission on the national level and the sector level,with China's national input-output data-set.Stepwisely,policy scenarios with irrational estimated results are selectively excluded based on comprehensive evaluation among economic,carbon reduction and other policy targets.As a result,against national economic conditions in 2007,the hybrid policy,with a carbon reduction target of -10%,a carbon tax-rate of around $10,and a ceiling carbon price of $40,is highly recommended,because of its significant lower economic loss,lower energy utilization cost,and practical robustness against fluctuation of energy market and carbon market.Furthermore,by decomposition analysis,carbon reduction-related costs are decomposed into a direct part that includes carbon allowance price and carbon tax,and an indirect part as the energy price incremental induced by direct carbon costs.Gross carbon reduction may be decomposed into three parts such as energy intensity,economic scale,and technical progress.And,carbon taxation is the main policy tool that stimulates to improve the energy efficiency.

Utilization Management:Walking the Line Between Patient Needs and Healthcare Economics-Short Communication

Utilization management plays a crucial role in healthcare by optimizing resource allocation,improving patient outcomes,and effectively controlling costs.By balancing patient needs with economic considerations,healthcare institutions can ensure efficient and sustainable service delivery.Utilization management encompasses various strategies,including prior authorization,concurrent review,and clinical pathways,to enhance care quality,manage expenses,and streamline resource use.The benefits of utilization management include cost containment,improved care standards,and the implementation of consistent treatment guidelines,thereby increasing the overall efficiency and effectiveness of healthcare delivery.

Livelihood Diversification of Farm Households and Its Impact on Cultivated Land Utilization in Agro-pastoral Ecologically-vulnerable Areas in the Northern China

The relationship between livelihood diversification of farm households and cultivated land utilization has become a core research topic related to global environmental change.Agro-pastoral ecologically-vulnerable areas face challenges such as insufficient ecosystem conservation,low agricultural production,and weak economies.In this study,215 farm households from Zhengxiangbai Banner,Taibus Banner,and Duolun County of Inner Mongolia were surveyed.The sustainable livelihoods framework of the United Kingdom(UK)Department for International Development(DFID)was used to measure the livelihood capital of these farm households.A one-way analysis of variance(ANOVA)was applied to examine the differences in the livelihood capital of different types households,and a correlation analysis was applied to analyze its impact on cultivated land utilization.Results showed that households with non-farming activities accounted for 64.7%of the total surveyed households,and non-farming employment was becoming more prevalent.Physical and financial capital was the driving factors for livelihood diversity.Each livelihood capital had key factors that affected household farmland use behaviors,such as the age of householder,the labor ratio,proportion of income,farmland scale,number of machines,and these had a significantly positive or negative influence on farmland use.Full-time farming households were more likely to transfer the land into cultivation and invest more labor,while non-farming households with high income were likely to transfer farmland out and invest more money to develop efficient farming or improve the employment skills.The results of this study suggest that policymakers need to fully consider livelihood changes of local households.It is effective to strengthen labor training,create farmland market and improve the efficiency of farmland utilization.We hope to achieve a win-win scenario to improve local economies and ecosystem conservation.

THE CONDITIONS OF THE GLACIAL WATER RESOURCE AND WAYS OF ITS EXPLOITATION AND UTILIZATION IN CHINA

China is one of the countries where there is abundant glacial water rears and glaciers exist in a vast area of mountainous regions. In this paper, a prehensive discusion is made for the characteristics of glacial water resource, the chewical properties of matwater and the prospects of future utilization in China. It has found that the gladal water resource is a water resource system based on the effect of a solid water reservoir. Its degree of mineralization is low and it almost does not have any pollution. In particular glacial water is high quality fresh water resource in the inland arid region. It is necesary to reconfirm the value of this water and conduct further studies on the fundamentals of its application in order to ratiedly exploit, utilze and preserve the glacial water resource.

Correction to:The dissemination of relevant information on wildlife utilization and its connection with the illegal trade in wildlife

Correction to:J.For.Res.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676-021-01306-y The article“The dissemination of relevant information on wildlife utilization and its connection with the illegal trade in wildlife”,written by Zhifan Song·Qiang Wang·Zhen Miao·Wei Zhang and Xuehong Zhou,was originally pub-lished electronically on the publisher’s internet portal on 11th March 2021 without open access.

Home range,population density,and habitat utilization of the Sichuan Jay (Perisoreus internigrans)

We assessed habitat preference and population status of the Sichuan Jay (Perisoreus internigrans),a poorly known Chinese endemic bird,at two sites (Zhuoni and Jiuzhaigou) in the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau between 2001 and 2004.Mean group size was 3.8 jays.Each group occupied a mean home range of 42.0 ha during the breeding season,and the mean internest distance was 2.7 km.These data indicated that the jays used less than ten percent of the available habitats and occurred at an overall density of only 0.6 jays per km2.Radio-tracked Sichuan Jays had a strong preference for mature montane coniferous forests and avoided areas dominated by shrubs,while the utilization of young conifers,grassland,and human residential habitat types did not differ significantly from the values expected from the home-range availabilities of these habitats generally.

The Influence of Inbreeding Depression and Hybrid Superiority on Wood Property and Tree Growth of Eucalypt

With F1 of self pollinated Eucalyptus urophylla, F1 of inter tree pollinated E.urophylla, F1of open pollinated E.urophylla and F1 of E.urophylla×grandis as materials,inbreeding depression and hybrid superiority in growth and wood traits are analyzed and discussed.The results are as follows.①There was a regularity for E.urophylla that F1 of self pollinated was subjected to more intense depression than F1 of open pollinated,and growth traits showed more signifcant depression than wood traits.②As to F1 of self pollinated E.urophylla, height,DBH and volume showed significant or extremely significant depression,while water content of green wood,wood density and bark thickness showed no significant depression.③As to F1 of open pollinated E.urophylla, height,DBH and volume showed depression to a certain degree,but not significant;Here again,water content of green wood,wood density and bark thickness showed no significant depression.④F1 of E.urophylla×grandis showed significant hybrid superiority in height,DBH and volume,but the hybrid superiority percentage of different cross pairs varied greatly;It showed no hybrid superiority in water content of green wood,wood density and fiber length;Its bark thickness and content of 1% NaOH extractives decreased evidently.

Analysis on the Economical and Intensive Utilization of Regional Construction Land in Zunyi City of Guizhou Province

Taking Zunyi City of Guizhou Province as research area, the research performed spatial dynamic analysis and elastic coefficient method to evaluate the e- conomical and intensive utilization of the regional construction land, and to discuss the decision direction for economical and intensive utilization of the regional con- struction land. The results showed that, the population based land utilization both in Zunyi and the city districts and counties indicated extensive trend. The economy- based land utilization in Zunyi City, as well as in Huichun, Zunyi and Tongzi County presented intensive trend, however the other districts and counties were in extensive tendency. It concluded that the economical and intensive utilization of construction land should be focused on the rural collective construction land, and the potential tapping of rural collective construction land in rocky desertification area should be the first priority, otherwise, the regional economic development was unbalanced be- tween different district and county in Zunyi.

Research Progress on the Development and Utilization of Proteins in Edible Insects

The recent progress on the proteins in edible insects was summarized, in- cluding the nutritional value, healthy value, food safety, extraction and content mea- surement of the proteins in edible insects, as well as the main development direc- tion of edible insect proteins. And we also pointed out the bottlenecks that restricted the development and utilization of proteins in edible insects, and proposed the prospect of the research, development and utilization of edible insects proteins.

SUSTAINABLE EXPLOITATION AND UTILIZATION OF WATER RESOURCES IN THE INLAND RIVERBASIN OF ARID NORTHWEST CHINA

Calculated in terms of surface runoff plus irrepeated groundwater, there is about 8. 67 ×1010m3 of total available water resources in the inland river basins of arid Northwest China. Water resources is the decisive factor for survival of oases and human being. But there have arisen several aspects of Serious eco-environment problems resulted from irrational exploitation and utilization. From now on, the development and utilization of water not only requires to promote regional economy, but also needs to protect and improve the environment based on their potential. Sustainable utilization needs to broaden new sources and saving water at first. Then three measures are recommended.

Potential role of N-carbamoyl glutamate in biosynthesis of arginine and its significance in production of ruminant animals

Arginine （ARG） exerts many beneficial effects on animal body and enhanced angiogenesis, lactogenesis, which finally leads to the improvement in nitrogen （N） metabolism, reproduction, lactation, immunity and growth. Unfortunately, unprotected ARG will be degraded in the rumen and its price is high, thus feeding rumen-protected ARG seems to be uneconomical. Alternatively, N-carbamoyl glutamate （NCG） is structural analogue of N-acetyl glutamate, cofactor of cabamoyl phosphate synthetasel, is lower in rumen degradation compared to ARG. Additionally, rumen epithelial and duodenal cells have potentially utilized the NCG for ureagenesis. Supplementation of NCG to high yielding dairy cows increased plasma concentration of ARG and nitric oxide, decreased the plasma ammonia N and improved lactation performance and N utilization. Supplementation of NCG enhanced pregnancy rates in rats, improved litter size and fetal survival rate, thereby improved the reproductive performance of sows. Oral NCG supplementation increases plasma ARG and somatotropin levels, and increased growth rate and muscle protein synthesis in nursing piglets. The NCG is potential a relatively cheaper source of feed additive to offer vital compensation over oral administration of ARG, resulting in improved ruminant animal health and production. In this article, we reviewed the mechanism of AfiG biosynthesis by NCG and their significance in growth, reproduction, milk production and N utilization in ruminant animals.

A selective approach to the surgical management of periampullary cancer patients and its outcome

BACKGROUND： Pancreaticoduodenectomy is a high risk, complex, technically challenging operation associated with significant perioperative morbidity and mortality. This study on the surgical management of periampullary cancer patients is based on our experience in a period of nearly 13 years. METHODS： The study was conducted on two groups of patients： group A included 42 patients who were treated between January 2000 and September 2005 and group B included 134 patients who were treated between October 2005 to October 2012. Preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative details of all these patients were collected, tabulated and analyzed to assess the impact of the selective approach introduced in the department with effect from October 2005. RESULTS： Intraoperative details revealed highly significant differences in the management of the two groups of patients in respect of operative time （250.4 vs 126.6 minutes; P〈0.001）, operative blood loss （1070.2 vs 414.9 mL; P〈0.001） and intraoperative blood transfusion （1A vs 0.2 units; P〈0.001）. Variations between the two groups in the frequency of complications were found to be statistically insignificant. However, the difference between the two groups in the overall morbidity of patients （47.6% vs 26.1%; P=0.009） and the length of their hospital stay （11.8 vs 7.8 days; P〈0.001） were significant. CONCLUSION： A selective approach applied to the surgical management of periampullary cancer patients is a step in the right direction.

Development and Utilization of the World＇s and China＇s Bulk Mineral Resources and their Supply and Demand Situation in the Next Twenty Years

Bulk mineral resources of iron ores, copper ores, bauxite, lead ores, zinc ores and potassium salt play a pivotal role on the world＇s and China＇s economic development. This study analyzed and predicted their resources base and potential, development and utilization and their world＇s and China＇s supply and demand situation in the future 20 years. The supply and demand of these six bulk mineral products are generally balanced, with a slight surplus, which will guarantee the stability of the international mineral commodity market supply. The six mineral resources （especially iron ores and copper ores） are abundant and have a great potential, and their development and utilization scale will gradually increase. Till the end of 2014, the reserve- production ratio of iron, copper, bauxite, lead, zinc ores and potassium salt was 95 years, 42 years, 100 years, 17 years, 37 years and 170 years, respectively. Except lead ores, the other five types all have reserve-production ratio exceeding 20 years, indicative of a high resources guarantee degree. If the utilization of recycled metals is counted in, the supply of the world＇s six mineral products will exceed the demand in the future twenty years. In 2015-2035, the supply of iron ores, refined copper, primary aluminum, refined lead, zinc and potassium salt will exceed their demand by 0.4-0.7 billion tons （Gt）, 5.0-6.0 million tons （Mt）, 1.1-8.9 Mt, 1.0-2.0 Mt, 1.2-2.0 Mt and 4.8-5.6 Mt, respectively. It is predicted that there is no problem with the supply side of bulk mineral products such as iron ores, but local or structural shortage may occur because of geopolitics, monopoly control, resources nationalism and trade friction. Affected by China＇s compressed industrialized development model, the demand of iron ores （crude steel）, potassium salt, refined lead, refined copper, bauxite （primary aluminum） and zinc will gradually reach their peak in advance. The demand peak of iron ores （crude steel） will reach around 2015, 2016 for potassium salt, 2020 for refined lead, 2021 for bauxite （primary aluminum）, 2022 for refined copper and 2023 for zinc. China＇s demand for iron ores （crude steel）, bauxite （primary aluminum） and zinc in the future 20 years will decline among the world＇s demand, while that for refined copper, refined lead and potassium salt will slightly increase. The demand for bulk mineral products still remains high. In 2015-2035, China＇s accumulative demand for iron ores （crude steel） will be 20.313 Gt （13.429 Gt）, 0.304 Gt for refined copper, 2.466 Gt （0.616 Gt） of bauxite （primary aluminum）, 0.102 Gt of refined lead, 0.138 Gt of zinc and 0.157 Gt of potassium salt, and they account for the world＇s YOY （YOY） accumulative demand of 35.17%, 51.09%, 48.47%, 46.62%, 43.95% and 21.84%, respectively. This proportion is 49.40%, 102.52%, 87.44%, 105.65%, 93.62% and 106.49% of that in 2014, respectively. From the supply side of China＇s bulk mineral resources, it is forecasted that the accumulative supply of primary （mine） mineral products in 2015-2035 is 4.046 Gt of iron ores, 0.591 Gt of copper, 1.129 Gt of bauxite, 63.661 Mt of （mine） lead, 0.109 Gt of （mine） zinc and 0.128 Gt of potassium salt, which accounts for 8.82%, 13.92%, 26.67%, 47.09%, 33.04% and 15.56% of the world＇s predicted YOY production, respectively. With the rapid increase in the smelting capacity of iron and steel and alumina, the rate of capacity utilization for crude steel, refined copper, alumina, primary aluminum and refined lead in 2014 was 72.13%, 83.63%, 74.45%, 70.76% and 72.22%, respectively. During 2000-2014, the rate of capacity utilization for China＇s crude steel and refined copper showed a generally fluctuating decrease, which leads to an insufficient supply of primary mineral products. It is forecasted that the supply insufficiency of iron ores in 2015-2035 is 17.44 Gt, 0.245 Gt of copper in copper concentrates, 1.337 Gt of bauxite, 38.44 Mt of lead in lead concentrates and 29.19 Mt of zinc in zinc concentrates. China has gradually raised the utilization of recycled metals, which has mitigated the insufficient supply of primary metal products to some extent. It is forecasted that in 2015-2035 the accumulative utilization amount of steel scrap （iron ores） is 3.27 Gt （5.08 Gt）, 70.312 Mt of recycled copper, 0.2 Gt of recycled aluminum, 48 Mt of recycled lead and 7.7 Mt of recycled zinc. The analysis on the supply and demand situation of China＇s bulk mineral resources in 2015-2035 suggests that the supply-demand contradiction for these six types of mineral products will decrease, indicative of a generally declining external dependency. If the use of recycled metal amount is counted in, the external dependency of China＇s iron, copper, bauxite, lead, zinc and potassium salt will be 79%, 65%, 26%, 8%, 16% and 18% in 2014, respectively. It is predicted that this external dependency will decrease to 62%, 64%, 20%, -0.93%, 16% and 14% in 2020, respectively, showing an overall decreasing trend. We propose the following suggestions correspondingly. （1） The demand peak of China＇s crude steel and potassium salt will reach during 2015-2023 in succession. Mining transformation should be planned and deployed in advance to deal with the arrival of this demand peak. （2） The supply-demand contradiction of China＇s bulk mineral resources will mitigate in the future 20 years, and the external dependency will decrease accordingly. It is suggested to adjust the mineral resources management policies according to different minerals and regions, and regulate the exploration and development activities. （3） China should further establish and improve the forced mechanism of resolving the smelting overcapacity of steel, refined copper, primary aluminum, lead and zinc to really achieve the goal of ＂reducing excess production capacity＂. （4） In accordance with the national strategic deployment of ＂One Belt One Road＂, China should encourage the excess capacity of steel, copper, alumina and primary aluminum enterprises to transfer to those countries or areas with abundant resources, high energy matching degree and relatively excellent infrastructure. Based on the national conditions, mining condition and geopolitics of the resources countries, we will gradually build steel, copper, aluminum and lead-zinc smelting bases, and potash processing and production bases, which will promote the excess capacity to transfer to the overseas orderly. （5） It is proposed to strengthen the planning and management of renewable resources recycling and to construct industrial base of renewable metal recycling. （6） China should promote the comprehensive development and utilization of paragenetic and associated mineral species to further improve the comprehensive utilization of bulk mineral resources.