Evaluation on the Efficiency and Fairness of Coordinating Public Goods Supply in Urban and Rural Areas

By setting the urban-rural public goods supply model,this paper evaluates the effects of coordinating supply public goods on resource allocation and welfare from efficiency and fairness,and examines the necessity and possibility of coordinating public goods supply in urban and rural areas. The model assumes that the population size of urban and rural areas is different,and the population can not flow freely between urban and rural areas; there are different degrees of spillover in the public goods supply. Model results show that coordinating public goods supply in urban and rural areas is the result of optimizing resource allocation efficiency,but the residents' individual utility level will not necessarily improve,so residents' willingness to support coordinated urban-rural supply is different,and public goods spillover and different tax systems are the factors that affect the residents' utility level. Finally,this paper uses the practice of coordinating urban and rural compulsory education in Chengdu City to confirm the above conclusions.

Difficulties in Implementing Supply Mechanism of Rural Public Goods in the Context of Urban-rural Integration

Through in-depth interviews and questionnaires,we take Mianyang City,Aba Prefecture,and Suining City in Sichuan Province as the study object,to analyze the relationship between the basic situation of farmers and the supply mechanism implementation of rural public goods.The research results show that the younger the farmers,the higher the educational level,the higher the annual household income,and the higher the enthusiasm in participating the discussion of the supply of rural public goods.And the correlation between farmers'annual household income and participation in the supply of public goods is the highest.Finally corresponding countermeasures and proposals are put forth based on farmers' educational level and annual household income,the two difficulties in supply mechanism implementation of rural public goods.

The Supply-Demand Analysis and Mechanism Innovation of Chinese Rural Public Goods

The connotation of rural public goods is expounded.The rural public goods refer to the products and labors that satisfy the production and living of rural residents,economic growth and social progress.The rural public goods is characterized by non-excludability,non-competitiveness and indispensability of other general public goods.The supply situation of Chinese government to rural public goods is analyzed,as well as the demand situation of rural public goods,which includes farmers' demand on training,the assistance demand of rural weak groups,farmers' demand on comfortable living conditions and farmers' demand on "soft" public goods.The paths for innovating the supply mechanism of rural public goods are put forward,which cover perfecting the decision mechanism of public goods supply;scientifically distributing the supply responsibility of rural public goods;facilitating the reform of each supporting equipment and exploring the multiple capital collecting channels of rural public goods.

Innovation of Adult Education Supply in Rural Areas from the Aspect of Rural Public Goods——A Case Study of Quzhou City,Zhejiang Province,China

Status of rural adult education in Quzhou City is analyzed from three aspects of supply main body,supply method and fund source.Problems in the rural adult education in Quzhou City are pointed out.Firstly,the top-down supply decision model can not fully meet the needs of farmers.Secondly,education resources can not be best allocated.Thirdly,both rural labor force market and employment service are not perfect.In order to promote the development of rural adult education,the education supply mode of rural adults should be established,which is "supplied by the government,coordinated by the government,participated by the society,operated according to market mechanisms".This needs to set up the leading position of government,to establish the pattern of diversified main bodies of adult education supply in rural areas,and to construct the market operation mechanism driven by interests.

Study on the Influence of Farmer Social Capital on Cooperative Supply Willingness of Agricultural Disaster Reduction Public Goods——Based on the Investigation on 515 Farmers

Based on social capital theory,related factors of three dimensions( structure dimension,cognition dimension and relation dimension) of farmer social capital are taken as independent variables,and famer's willingness to cooperatively supply agricultural disaster reduction public goods is taken as dependent variable. Taking 515 farmers in 27 villages of Hubei Province as investigation objects,the influence of farmer social capital on cooperative supply willingness of agricultural disaster reduction public goods is explored by Logistic regression model. Research results show that social solidarity,common value concept,social trust and reciprocal content have positive impact on farmer's willingness of cooperative supply,while annual household income,number of agricultural disaster reduction public goods and social network have negative impact on farmer's willingness of cooperative supply.

Study on Farmers' Satisfaction with the Supply of Public Goods for Disaster Reduction in Agriculture——Based on the Survey Data of Farmers in Two Counties and One District of Hubei Province

According to actual features of public goods for disaster reduction in agriculture,an evaluation indicator system of farmers' satisfaction with the supply of public goods for disaster reduction in agriculture composed of five first-grade indicators containing 18 second-grade indicators was established firstly,and then a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model of farmers' satisfaction was set up. Finally,farmers' satisfaction with the supply of public goods for disaster reduction in agriculture in two counties and one district of Hubei Province was evaluated by the model. The results show that farmers are satisfied with the supply of public goods for disaster reduction in agriculture on the whole,but farmers' satisfaction with openness about funds for disaster reduction,supply structure of public goods,work attitude and work efficiency is at a general level. Some suggestions about the four aspects were proposed,such as improving supervisory mechanisms to increase funding transparency,making information channels unblocked to improve the supply efficiency of public goods for disaster reduction,and improving the quality of government workers to increase their work efficiency.

Discussion on the Supply of Child-friendly City Construction Based on the Attributes of Public Goods

Child friendliness is the need for a good life in the new era.The problems related to the construction of child-friendly cities were discussed from the perspective of the supply of public goods.Through literature research and summary,the basic concepts,construction factors,sources of supply goods,structure of the main supplies,and supply behavior of public goods supply in child-friendly cities were sorted out.Some effective suggestions were proposed,such as improving the resource conversion and integration ability of the main suppliers,establishing an effective incentive system,optimizing the structure of the main suppliers,improving multi-party collaborative efficiency,ensuring benefits for all parties,raising child-friendly awareness,innovating funding sources for projects,ensuring adequate funding supply,building urban supply system in accordance with local conditions,and ensuring the supply of public goods.

Creating Inclusive Global Value Chains under the BRI from the Perspective of Public Goods Supply and Demand

Supply and demand of public goods provide a brand-new theoretical framework for research on the creation of inclusive global value chains(GVCs)under the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI).The supply of international public goods is an important positive variable for creating global value chains under the BRI,in which China and other developing countries involved,as well as their small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs),are microscopic entities.When the BRI’s supply of instrumental,institutional,and conceptual international public goods is in equilibrium with the demand of GVC entities for public goods,the BRI creates necessary conditions for the extension of GVCs.GVCs created under the BRI are of great value in promoting inclusiveness,fair income distribution,balanced regional development,and the restructuring of international economic governance.Under the current GVC system,some developed countries have been wary about the BRI and even developed misgivings and biases.Nevertheless,developed countries may play an active role in bridging gaps in the BRI’s development and complement their respective strengths with developing countries for win-win cooperation.

Analysis of Public Goods Supply of New Generation Migrant Workers' Urban and Rural Double Marginalization

Status quo of urban and rural public goods supply in China is analyzed.Firstly,public goods supply in rural areas is inadequate,for example,inadequate supply of agricultural infrastructure,lack of expenditure in agricultural science and technology,problems of rural drinking water safety,problems of rural roads and transportation,low levels of health care,weak rural public culture,short supply of farmers' education.Secondly,the system and level of urban public goods provision can't meet migrant workers' demand,for example,less migrant workers are employed by the governments' direction;migrant workers are isolated by urban housing project and these workers have difficulty in receiving city social security.One reason of new generation migrant workers facing the double marginalization of rural and urban crisis is that urban and rural public goods supply are different in particular the inadequate supply of public goods in rural areas.Three countermeasures are put forward in order to relieve new generation migrant workers' double marginalization of urban and rural,which include increasing financial input in rural areas in order to achieve equalization of urban and rural public goods,perfecting the preferential agricultural policy to increase rural public goods supply,making urban public goods supply as a guide to promote the new generation migrant workers into the city.

Study on Problems and Countermeasures of Rural Public Goods Supplying System

In current China, the main problem existing in the rural public goods supplying system is the unbalanced condition of public goods supply, and the chief reason for which is unitary system of supply main body. Thus the leading countermeasure for comer of public goods supply is to reform the present unitary rural public goods supplying system, to strengthen functional transfer of rural grass-roots directive organization, to adopt diversified mode and provide public goods on the base of overall planning of urban and rural areas and to implement unitary and diversified supplying strategy. In this way, supplying efficiency of the rural public goods will be improved.

Research on Effective Supply Mode of Rural Public Goods

On the basis of definition and classification of rural public goods, this paper analyses the status quo of public goods supply in vast rural areas of China, and it indicates that the electricity and communication facility in rural areas have not yet been popularized; the culture and education facility is critically backward; the medical care and social warfare institutions are short. It points out the rational supply model of public goods as follows: the government plays dominant role in the public goods supply with a large amount of investments, related to the quality of living and production of multitudinous farmers; small wieldy quasi-public goods that can be easily supplied and marginalized public goods can introduce multiplex supply main body under the framework of government guidance. According to this model, corresponding policy suggestions are put forward as follows: increase financial inputs, and perfect local financial system; actively encourage the majority of farmers in rural areas to participate in public goods supply mechanism, so that the supply has pertinence; vigorously develop multiplex supply system of rural public goods, to ensure effective supply.

Urban Water Supply Industry Marketization of China in View of Public Water Service and Water Resource Management

Started with the discussions on the value orientation of urban water supply industry marketization,the article points out that the current urban water supply industry marketization reform is inconsistent with the goal of public water service equalization to some extent.The article also analyzes the problems emerged in urban water supply industry marketization reform and various rea-sons in view of efficiency and fairness.An efficiency and fairness oriented management model is built in this article to illustrate how the government should conciliate interests of various communities involved in the process of marketization reform of the urban water supply industry so as to actualize the coordination of efficiency and fairness.At the end,an assumption on urban water price is put forward to help achieve the public water service equalization.

Supply of ecological products based on heterogeneity of public goods

Ecological products belong to public products. According to the characteristic heterogeneity of public products, they can be classified into pure public products and quasi-public products including "common-pool goods", "club goods" and "conditioned goods". Guided by the theory of public products supply and based on national conditions, this paper thinks that an ecological product supply model should be formed, which is led by the government and coordinated allocation of public resources between the government and the market in China. Some of the pure public goods are supplied by the government by the way of "environmental regulation + property rights market" and ecological compensation; some of the quasi-public goods are supplied by the market by the way of franchising and ecological purchasing.

Countermeasures of Rural Public Product Supply Problems in New Socialist Rural Construction

The status of rural public goods supply plays a decisive role in China agricultural development and in new socialist rural construction.For the current situation of insufficient supply of public goods in rural areas,this article explained the significance of strengthening the construction of rural public goods supply system,analyzed the reasons for the shortage of rural public goods supply,and proposed strategies and measures to solve problems of rural public goods supply,which are of advantages to enhance...

Research on the Design of International Cooperation System to Supply Global Public Goods:with A View on the Route Selection for China's Participation

Since the 1990 s, GPGs have become one of the questions arousing general concern in the international political and economic relations. It has its unique characteristics different from the public goods domestically supplied in any country in terms of organizational form,incentive mechanisms, implementation means and other aspects. The theory and policy proposal on GPGs mostly reflect the requirements of developing countries to seek an external environment favorable to their stable development, thus it is absolutely necessary to establish an efficient mechanism to supply GPGs for the countries of the world, especially for the developing ones to realize the national benefit and mutual development. The most efficient approach to resolve the problem of supplying GPGs is international cooperation, which raises critical requests on the design of an efficient and reasonable cooperative system. Following the principals of international cooperation system, China must choose an optimal route for supply of GPGs, which conforms to its own interests, by starting from the supply of the regional public goods and in accordance with its own economic development and financial capacity.

疾病预防控制领域创新的价值、特征及应用路径:基于公共产品的供需关系

创新是疾病预防控制事业和公共卫生事业高质量发展的策源力。文章提出在疾病预防控制领域,创新的价值出发点和落脚点是维护与促进全人群全生命周期健康,具有广泛意义上的社会价值与经济价值、人群价值与个体价值。并以疾病预防控制实例,阐析创新的相对优势、兼容性与适宜性、复杂性、可试验性和可观察性等特征。基于公共产品的供需关系,浅议创新在疾病预防控制领域的应用路径是从创新价值的认知、认可与接受到应用的全过程,为上海乃至长三角地区公共卫生事业的科技创新及成果转化提供基础理论支撑。

政策激活自治:农村公共品有效供给的实践路径——以人居环境整治为例

在农村公共品供给中,一些村庄在政策的牵引下,动员村庄精英和普通村民积极参与公共品供给的民主实践,从而激活了村庄潜在的治理能力,实现了公共品的有效供给。这种现象可称之为“政策激活自治”。公共品供给政策的灵活性、以村干部为核心的组织动员能力以及以小组为单位的内生性治理能力构成了政策激活自治的政策、组织和社会基础。基于公共品分类的视角可发现,政策的牵引效应主要作用于与农民关系紧密、投入较少的建设项目上,而对与农民关系松散、投入较多的公共项目作用有限。政策激活自治的存在,启发我们在公共品供给中掌握政策统一性和灵活性的平衡,区分不同项目与农民的利益链接,通过适当的政策激发村民参与的积极性。

嵌入式治理视域下城市社区公共体育服务供需适配的运行机理与靶向通路

面对城市社区公共体育服务资源碎片化、配套不齐与相关利益主体关系复杂等问题,嵌入式治理通过精准对接供需、激发社会多元主体活力、提升服务质量和促进服务下沉等优势,切实解决城市社区公共体育服务供需失衡问题。本研究运用嵌入式治理理论构建城市社区公共体育服务运行框架,分析组织、环境、技术以及制度4个方面赋能城市社区公共体育服务供需适配的运行机理,指出基层体育社会组织建设零散单一、多元属性社区环境融合尚不深入、数据链接不畅与理念执行偏差、责任配置规范缺位与共享制度细化不足等4个问题。据此提出靶向通路,从加强组织资源共享意识与创新能力培养、构建居民运动环境需求画像、完善社区体育服务数据标准体系、优化责任分配机制与共享制度实施模式等4个方面推动嵌入式治理视域下城市社区公共体育服务供需适配,以期为进一步构建更高水平的全民健身公共服务体系提供理论依据与实践参考。

红色旅游扶持政策与县域财政回应性——基于红色旅游经典景区建设的政策评估

对社会成员的公共需求作出积极有效的回应是政府治理的重要职能。利用2003—2021年县域面板数据,基于民生公共品供给视角,系统考察红色旅游扶持政策能否强化地方政府对民生需求偏好的回应,从而拓展红色旅游的社会价值。研究发现,政府扶持红色旅游发展能够显著提升地方政府教育、医疗和卫生等民生公共品供给,即强化县级政府财政回应性。机制识别发现,政府扶持红色旅游发展通过缓解预算约束和提升政治激励动机促进地方政府公共服务供给。异质性分析发现,在财政供养人口较多和区位禀赋较差的地区,红色旅游扶持政策对地方政府财政回应的促进作用更为显著。为此,应进一步完善红色旅游产业扶持政策,并根据地区资源禀赋因地制宜最大限度地挖掘红色旅游的社会经济效益,从而促进县域经济高质量发展。

世界政治极端化态势下区域公共产品的供给困境及中国对策

在大国战略竞争加剧、地缘政治回归以及全球民粹主义回潮等因素的叠加影响下,世界政治呈现极端化态势。这一新态势对国际社会产生了多重负面效应,对区域公共产品供给主体、议题与结构的影响值得特别关注。区域公共产品缘起于超越国际公共产品被霸权国“私物化”的尝试,着眼于对接一定区域内国家的发展或安全需求,致力于通过消费主体与供给主体高度匹配实现最优供给。在世界政治极端化态势下,区域公共产品供给面临严峻困境:一是再次“私物化”,供给主体因恶性竞争构建排他性“小圈子”;二是逐渐“安全化”,供给议题由低政治领域急剧转向高政治领域;三是最终“不优化”,供给结构重叠错位导致供需不匹配。作为负责任大国,中国可围绕新态势下区域公共产品供给的公益性、发展性以及精准性贡献中国智慧、中国方案和中国力量。