Association of single nucleotide polymorphism of vitamin D receptor gene start codon and the suscepbility to prostate cancer in Han nationality in Hubei, China

Aim: To investigate the single nucleotide polymorphism of vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene start codon in the Han nationality in Hubei and its relationship to the susceptibility to prostate cancel (PCa). Methods: The VDR genotypes were determined by poly-merase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) in 80 patients with PCa and 96 normal male controls from the Han nationality in Hubei, using endonuclease Fok. Direct sequencing was done in part of the PCR products. Results: The frequency distribution of Fok I alleles in this cohort all followed the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The distribution of genotypes and alleles had no significant difference between PCa patients and the controls (P>0.05). Conclusion: There was no significant relationship between Fok I polymorphism of VDR gene start codon and PCa in the Han nationality in Hubei.

Study on the Relationship between 5-HttLPR Gene and BDNF Gene Polymorphism and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Li and Han Nationality of Hainan Province

Objective: To investigate the correlation between 5-HTTLPR (5-and serotonin transporter linked polymer region) gene polymorphism and BDNF (brain derived neural factor) gene polymorphism and PTSD (post traumatic stress disorders) in Li and Han nationalities in Hainan Province. Methods: 167 Hainan Li PTSD patients, 141 Hainan Han PTSD patients and 158 healthy volunteers (control group) were investigated by ETI, caps, Toh, WCST, TMT and WAIS-RC. The polymorphisms of rs6265 locus of 5-HTTLPR and BDNF genes were detected by PCR (polymerase chain reaction) and page (polycylamide gel electrophoresis), and the correlation with PTSD was analyzed. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of PTSD. Results: The ETI score, total PTSD score and TMT time of Li PTSD patients were significantly higher than those of Han PTSD patients (P < 0.01). The comprehension, picture filling, picture arrangement, operation IQ and total IQ of WAIS-RC were significantly lower than those of Han PTSD patients (P < 0.01);The numbers of errors, TMT and Toh in WCST were significantly lower than those in Han PTSD patients (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference in the distribution of 5-HTTLPR genotype and allele between Li PTSD patients and control group (P > 0.05). SS genotype of 5-HTTLPR and (GA + AA) genotype of rs6265 locus may increase the risk of PTSD in Hainan Han population. AA and GA + AA genotypes at rs6265 locus may increase the risk of PTSD in Li population (P < 0.05). Among Li PTSD patients, the ETI score, PTSD total score, TMT time, Toh planning time and execution time of AA genotype at rs6265 locus were significantly higher than those of GG genotype;the total scores of comprehension and operation IQ, and Toh in WAIS-RC were significantly lower than those in GG genotype (P < 0.05). Among Han PTSD patients, the ETI score, PTSD total score and TMT time of SS genotype of 5-HTTLPR were significantly higher than those of LL genotype, and the comprehension, arithmetic and block diagram in WAIS-RC were significantly lower than those of LL genotype;The ETI score, PTSD total score and TMT time of patients with (GA + AA) genotype at rs6265 locus were also significantly higher than those of patients with GG genotype. The comprehension and block diagram in WAIS-RC were significantly lower than those of patients with GG genotype. The number of WCST errors in patients with AA genotype was significantly higher than those of patients with GG genotype, and the operational IQ in WAIS-RC was significantly lower than those of patients with GG genotype (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The LL genotype of 5-HTTLPR and the GG genotype of rs6265 locus are related to PTSD of Li and Han nationalities in Hainan, which are important protective factors for PTSD of Li and Han nationalities in Hainan.

From Xia People to Han People and to Chinese Nation——A Study of the Trajectory of the Cohesion and Integration of Chinese Ethnic Groups

Building multiethnic China was primarily driven by the cohesion and integration of main ethnic groups within Chinese territory, but the process was recorded according to traditional ethnic group discourse system of ancient China, so there is some doubt whether “nation state” theory can interpret it precisely. This paper manages to figure out the trajectory of cohesion and integration of main ethnic groups propelled by ancient Chinese people from the Xia Dynasty to the late Qing Dynasty by focusing on traditional views on ethnic groups of ancient China. This paper contend that although there were the phenomena of naming the products of the integrations after the regimes they belonged to,“Han people,”“Hua people” and even “Zhonghua(Chinese) people,” became the designations of main cohesive ethnic groups in China over time, and the concept of “Chen Min(subjects)” and the appearance of “nationals” that developed during the Qing Dynasty successfully transformed their identity, which Liang Qichao referred to as “Chinese nation”. Efforts by the rulers of the Qing Dynasty to bridge the gaps between different ethnic groups by developing a community of “subjects”(Chenmin), produced the concept of “Chinese nation” which included the various ethnic groups with the “Han people” as the main group. This new community merely represents the present-day cohesion of the Chinese Nation and the internal integration continues.

Association of Gghrelin Polymorphisms with Metabolic Syndrome in Han Nationality Chinese

Objective To investigate the association of ghrelin gene polymorphisms with metabolic syndrome in Han Nationality Chinese. Methods A total of 240 patients with metabolic syndrome and 427 adults aged above forty years were recruited. Genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Results The allelic frequency of the Leu72Met polymorphism was 17.3% in the patient group and 11.9% in the control group （x^2=7.36, P=0.007）. Metabolic syndrome was more prevalent among carriers of the Met72 variant （43.8 vs 33.1%, age- and sex-adjusted odds ratio=1.57, P=0.01）. No Arg51Gln variants were found in our study subjects. Conclusion Rather than being associated with its individual components, Leu72Met polymorphism is associated with metabolic syndrome in the Han Nationality Chinese. Arg51Gln polymorphism is rare in the Han Nationality Chinese.

Analysis of the constitution and health of medical students from different nationalities in Korla, Xinjiang, China

Objective: To better understand nutritional and health status of students from different nationalities, we analyzed the nutritional status and athletic ability of Uygur, Hui, Mongolian and Han nationality among medical students in Bazhou Health School in Korla, Xinjiang, China. Methods: Using stratified cluster sampling, 1644 students from 47 classes in the 2014 and 2015 grades were selected as the study objects from Bazhou Health School, and 1644 students were measured for anthropometry and exercise capacity. Anthropometric measurements were carried out by qualified surveyors in accordance with GB/T 5703-1999 standard. The exercise capacity is based on the test requirements of the 'Student Physical Fitness Health Standard' (revised in 2014) issued by the Ministry of Education and the State General Administration of Sport. All the data were established by Excel 2010 to a database, and the test data were re-entered into SPSS 18.0 software for statistical analysis with double check. Result: Body morphogenetic development level: There were significant differences in height, weight, waist circumference, and upper arm skinfold thickness among different nationalities. The height and weight of Uygur students were significantly higher than those of Han and Hui students;but Waist circumference of Mongolian students was significantly greater than that of Han, Hui, and Uyghur Students. Detection rate for low weight and obesity: Four national student's BMI individual scores have significant differences, but their BMI in scored an average of more than 90 points, student's body mass index is more ideal. Exercise ability: Th ere are significant differences in standing jump and seat flexion, the standing jump of Hui stud ents is higher than that of Han nationality, and the seat flexion of Mongolian nationality is high er than those of Han and Uygur students, while the standing jump and seat flexion of Han natio nality is lower than those of Hui and Mongolian students. Conclusion: There are differences in the nutrition and development status of all nationalities and they have their own characteristics. Uygur students have higher heights and weights than those of Han students;Mongolian students have thicker waistlines;while Han students have higher measurements of upper arm skinfold thickness. There are different characteristic in sports ability in all nationalities.

Comparison on Detection Results of Pathogen Nucleic Acids for Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid of Lung Infection Infants Between Uighur Nationality and Han Nationality

Objective:To analyze the detection results of pathogen nucleic acids for bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF)of lung infection infants from Uighur nationality and Han nationality.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on the 318 infants with lung infection who were admitted to the hospital from April 2018 to April 2019.According to their nationality,they were divided into Uighur nationality group(190 cases)and Han nationality group(128 cases).The BALF specimens were collected to test pathogen nucleic acid.The distribution and positive rates of[respiratory syncytial virus(RSV),adenovirus(ADV),influenza virus A(IFA),influenza virus B(IFB),parainfluenza virus type 1(PIV I),parainfluenza virus type 2(PIV II),parainfluenza virus type 3(PIV III)],bacteria(Streptococcus pneumoniae,Haemophilus influenzae,staphylococcus aureus,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,klebsiella pneumoniae),Mycoplasma pneumoniae(MP)and Chlamydia pneumoniae(CP)in both groups were observed and compared.Results:The virus detection for RSV,ADV and PIV III were on the top three in BALF from the children in both groups.The total positive rate of virus examination in Uighur nationality group was higher than that in Han nationality group(P<0.05).BALF in both groups was mainly on Streptococcus pneumoniae.The total positive rate of bacteria,MP and detection rate of chlamydia were higher in Uighur nationality group were higher than those in Han nationality group(P<0.05).Conclusion:The pathogen nucleic acid examination for bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in infants with lung viral infection is in the majority,mainly on RSV virus infection.The positive rates of virus,bacteria,MP and CP of children in Uighur nationality are high than those in Han nationality.

Ultrasonographic measurement of median nerve cross-sectional area reference values in a healthy Han population from Guiyang,China

High-resolution ultrasonography was used to analyze the nerve cross-sectional area （CSA） of the median nerve at 7 sites： the wrist crease, pisiform bone, hamate bone, 6 cm proximal to the tip of the wrist crease, proximal forearm （where the nerve enters the pronator teres muscle）, 4 cm proximal to the tip of the medial epicondyle, and mid-humerus （mid-point between elbow crease and axilla） in 200 healthy volunteers from Guiyang, China. Results showed similar CSA values between the left and right sides, but the CSA 6 cm proximal to the tip of the wrist crease, proximal forearm, 4 cm proximal to tip of the medial epicondyle, and mid-humerus in males was greater than that of females. Moreover, CSA values at the wrist crease, pisiform bone, and hamate bone were greater in the middle-aged and old groups when compared to the young group, and correlated with body mass and height. Thus, reference values of median nerve CSA of the upper limbs can facilitate the analysis of abnormal nerve conditions.

Correlation Analysis of 5-<i>HTTLPR</i>Polymorphism and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Li and Han Nationalities of Hainan Province

Objective: To analyse the correlation of 5-HTTLPR gene polymorphism and PTSD in Li and Han nationalities of Hainan Province. Methods: Essen trauma inventory (ETI), clinician administered post-traumatic stress disorders scale, (CAPS), tower of Hanoi (TOH), wsiconsin card sorting test (WCST), trail making test (TMT) and wechsler adult intelligence scale revised China (WAIS-RC) were used to investigate patients with PTSD and healthy volunteers (control group). PCR and PPGE were used to detect the polymorphism of 5-HTTLPR gene and analyze its correlation with PTSD. Results: The ETI score, total PTSD score and TMT time of Li nationality patients with PTSD were significantly higher than those of Han nationality patients with PTSD, and the IQ of comprehension and operation in WAIS-RC was significantly lower than that of Han nationality patients with PTSD (P < 0.05). The ETI score, total PTSD score and TMT time of 5-HTTLPR genotype in Li nationality and Han nationality patients with PTSD were significantly higher than those of LL genotype, and the perception, calculation and block diagram in WAIS-RC were significantly lower than those of LL genotype patients (P Conclusions: The SS genotype can increase the risk of PTSD in Li nationality and Han nationality people in Hainan. LL genotype is associated with PTSD of Li and Han nationalities in Hainan, and is an important protective factor for PTSD of Li and Han nationalities in Hainan.

Correlation between plasma VEGFA expression level of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Li and Han nationalities in Hainan

Objective:To analyze the relationship between plasma vascular endothelial growth factor and patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Hainan Li and Han nationality, and the correlation between VEGFA and COPD after different stratification, to explore the significance of VEGFA in the diagnosis and treatment of Li people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Methods:249 patients with COPD were recruited in Hainan (109 cases of Li and 140 cases of Han), and 246 cases in the control group (89 cases of Li;157 cases of Han ) From July 2014 to March 2015, We measured plasma vascular endothelial growth factor protein levels ,and determined the expression difference of plasma VEGFA in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and healthy controls according to different races, genders, smoking status, etc., and analyzed the correlation between the expression of VEGFA in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Li and Han in Hainan.Conclusion:(1) In the Li population, the expression of VEGFA of COPD patients and healthy controls was lower than that of Han (P<0.05);(2) The causes of elevated VEGFA levels in the plasma of the Li population are: high BMI, advanced age, use of wood, hay,recent respiratory infections and AECOPD;(3) The causes of elevated VEGFA levels in plasma in Han population are: COPD, low education level, smoking age, repeated respiratory infection, family history of respiratory diseases, frequent coughing, recent respiratory infection and acute COPD Aggravation period;(4) In the AECOPD, the expression of VEGFA in plasma was higher than that in stable phase and control group;the expression of plasma VEGFA in stable phase of COPD was lower than that in the control group.

Correlation between plasma VEGFA expression level of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Li and Han nationalities in Hainan

Objective:To analyze the relationship between plasma vascular endothelial growth factor and patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Hainan Li and Han nationality, and the correlation between VEGFA and COPD after different stratification, to explore the significance of VEGFA in the diagnosis and treatment of Li people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Methods: 249 patients with COPD were recruited in Hainan (109 cases of Li and 140 cases of Han), and 246 cases in the control group (89 cases of Li;157 cases of Han ) From July 2014 to March 2015, We measured plasma vascular endothelial growth factor protein levels ,and determined the expression difference of plasma VEGFA in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and healthy controls according to different races, genders, smoking status, etc.,and analyzed the correlation between the expression of VEGFA in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Li and Han in Hainan.Conclusion:(1) In the Li population, the expression of VEGFA of COPD patients and healthy controls was lower than that of Han (P<0.05);(2) The causes of elevated VEGFA levels in the plasma of the Li population are: high BMI, advanced age, use of wood, hay,recent respiratory infections and AECOPD;(3) The causes of elevated VEGFA levels in plasma in Han population are: COPD, low education level, smoking age, repeated respiratory infection, family history of respiratory diseases, frequent coughing, recent respiratory infection and acute COPD Aggravation period;(4) In the AECOPD, the expression of VEGFA in plasma was higher than that in stable phase and control group;the expression of plasma VEGFA in stable phase of COPD was lower than that in the control group.

Analysis of dynamic smile and upper lip curvature in young Chinese

During smile evaluation and anterior esthetic construction,the anatomic and racial variations should be considered in order to achieve better matching results.The aims of this study were to validate an objective method for recording spontaneous smile process and to categorize the smile and upper lip curvature of Chinese Han-nationality youth.One hundred and eighty-eight Chinese Han-nationality youths(88 males and 100 females) ranged from 20 to 35 years of age were selected.Spontaneous smiles were elicited by watching comical movies and the dynamics of the spontaneous smile were captured continuously with a digital video camera.All subjects’ smiles were categorized into three types:commissure,cuspid and gummy smile based on video editing software and final images.Subjects’ upper lip curvatures were also measured and divided into three groups:upward,straight and downward.Reliability analysis was conducted to obtain intra-rater reliabilities on twice measurements.The Pearson Chi-square test was used to compare differences for each parameters(α=0.05).In smile classification,60.6%commissure smile,33.5%cuspid smile and 5.9%gummy smile were obtained.In upper lip measurement,26.1%upward,39.9%straight and 34.0%downward upper lip curvature were determined.The commissure smile group showed statistically significant higher percentage of straight(46.5%) and upward(40.4%) in upper lip curvatures(P<0.05),while cuspid smile group(65.1%) and gummy smile group(72.7%) showed statistically significant higher frequency in downward upper lip curvature(P<0.05).It is evident that differences in upper lip curvature and smile classification exist based on race,when comparing Chinese subjects with those of Caucasian descent,and gender.

Difference in normal corneal thickness and curvature between Mongolian and Han nationalities

AIM: To investigate the differences in central corneal thickness(CCT) and curvature in myopic patients with different genders between Mongolian and Han nationalities in the Inner Mongolia region.METHODS: Patients with myopia, among whom 122cases(244 eyes) were Mongolian and 150 cases(300eyes) were Han, were selected. Pentacam was used to measure the corneal curvature, whereas CCT was determined by Pentacam, Orbscan and ultrasound pachymetry.RESULTS: Comparisons of the curvature of men and women in Mongolia showed a significant difference(P 【0.05) by comparing of the CCT values measured by three methods in Han and Mongolian in Inner Mongolia, we can draw a conclusion that the CCT values measured by Pentacam are less than the values by Orbscan and ultrasound pachymetry, and there are statistically significant difference in CCT measurement among the instruments except between the Orbscan and ultrasound pachymetry. The CCT values of Mongolians are more than Han people, and the analysis exhibited statistical significance. The CCT values measured by Orbscan in Mongolia of women are more than men, the difference showed statistical significance.CONCLUSION: Corneal curvature in Mongolian females was significantly higher than that in males. However, no significant difference was observed among Han males and females. The CCT values of Mongolian females were higher than those of males. The normal CCT values measured by Pentacam in Mongolian myopic patients were smaller than those obtained by Orbscan or ultrasound. The normal CCT values of Mongolian patients with myopia were higher than those reported for domestic people.

Congratulations from Prof.Han Qi-de,Vice-Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress,Chairman of China Association for Science and Technology

It is of my great pleasure to learn that the Third World Integrative Medicine Congress is about to be held in Guangzhou. rm writing to express my highest congratulations to the successful opening of the congress, as well as my cordial welcome to the experts and scholars around the world.

People-to-People Friendship: Everlasting and Renewal——Highlights of a good-will visit to India, Sri Lanka, Thailand by Han Qide, Vice Chairman of the 12th National Committee of the CPPCC and President of the CPAPD

At the beginning of the new year2018 on the occasion of early Spring and late Winter,at the invitation of the All India Peace and Solidarity Organization,Pathfinder Foundation of Sri Lanka and National Legislative Assembly of Thailand.Han Qide,Vice Chairman of the12th National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference(CPPCC)and President of

一份珍贵的学术遗产:1950年代民族问题大讨论再审视

1950年代关于民族问题的大讨论,开启了中国史学界以马克思主义理论为指导研究民族问题的热潮。当时学习的重点是斯大林关于形成民族的四个要素。斯大林强调依照这四个要素衡量,在资本主义出现之前,不可能出现民族,民族只能是资本主义时代的产物。范文澜注意到斯大林论断的适用性问题,著文指出中、欧历史情况不同。欧洲历史进入资本主义时代才有了民族国家,而古代中国早在秦汉时期就已经有了“持久的相当巩固的整体”的王朝国家,“汉民族有它自己的发展过程,并不因为有了资本主义才开始形成民族”。围绕汉民族形成时间问题所展开的大讨论实际上是在马克思主义理论指导下成规模地研讨中华民族形成问题的嚆矢。这场大讨论的丰富成果是一份珍贵的学术遗产。

从“远夷”到“中华民族”共识的演变——《旅行杂志》中的云南边疆民族认知变迁

在以《旅行杂志》涉滇内容为切入点的探讨中,可以看到从“远夷”到“中华民族”共识的演变及内地对云南边疆民族认知变迁。近代中国,“华夷”观与“中华民族”说并存。民国以后,尤其抗战后“中华民族”说渐被认同,但“华夷”观仍有影响。新中国建立后,“劳动者”“建设者”取代“华夷”,认同基准重构。《旅行杂志》不同时期对云南民族形象呈现不同,抗战前是“远夷”,抗战时是“典范”,建国后是“劳动者”“建设者”。形象差异源于接触程度和观念转变。中华民族形成过程中各民族共同开拓疆域、缔造国家、书写历史、创造文化、培育精神,《旅行杂志》从一个微观视角反映了其凝聚融合过程。

铸牢中华民族共同体意识与汉民族研究

习近平总书记提出铸牢中华民族共同体意识这一重大原创性论断,不仅是马克思主义民族理论中国化时代化的最新成果,也是因应党的历史使命和民族工作历史方位变化,在民族工作实践上的一次重大理论突破。我国是一个统一的多民族国家,汉民族是我国人口最多的民族,新时代的汉民族研究必须在铸牢中华民族共同体意识下开展。由于汉民族研究的内容非常丰富,涉及政治、经济、社会、文化和生态等方面,我们不能做全面的探讨,因此重点讨论加强汉民族在中华民族形成发展中的作用、汉民族推动中国式现代化建设、汉文化推进中华民族现代文明建设、海外汉民族移民助力中华民族伟大复兴方面的研究,以深化汉民族研究,丰富中华民族共同体理论建设。