The gap report of global climate change mitigation, finance, and governance after the United States declared its withdrawal from the Paris Agreement

On 1 June 2017, the US President Donald Trump officially announced the withdrawal from the Paris Agreement, thus the study on the reasons of withdrawal, the potential impacts, and coping strategies has become a focus among policy circles and of the international community. Based on the self-developed US Policy Assessment Model, this paper systematically evaluates the three potential "major deficits" in terms of mitigation, climate finance, and global climate governance, as a result of the US withdrawal from the Paris Agreement and puts forward policy suggestions for coping with such transformations accordingly. The study shows that the United States 'withdrawal from the Paris Agreement will affect the existence and implementation of successive climate policies and result in an additional 8.8-13.4% increase in the global emissions reduction deficit.The United States' withdrawal will also deteriorate the existing climate finance mechanism. The Green Climate Fund(GCF)'s funding gap will increase by US$2 billion, while the gap of long-term climate finance will increase by about US$5 billion a year. Either the China-EU or the "BASIC plus" mechanism could fill the governance deficit caused by the United States and the lack of political momentum may continue for a while in the future.

Governing the gold rush into emerging markets: a case study of Indonesia’s regulatory responses to the expansion of Chinese-backed online P2P lending

Peer-to-peer(P2P)lending has the potential to boost financial inclusion in emerging markets.This paper contributes to the literature on fintech governance in emerging Asian markets.It examines the case of the Indonesian government’s approach in regulating the P2P lending sector using both primary interviews and secondary firmlevel data.Driven by regulation tightening in China and regulatory gaps in Indonesia,Chinese investments became the largest in this sector contributing,however,to growing risks from illegal business practices.The Indonesian government responded by creating new regulations and institutions,mitigating risks without stifling the potential for financial inclusion.We conclude a proactive approach towards monitoring and regulating emerging high-tech industries should be sought by strengthening links with industry and civil society,and through international cooperation for policy and knowledge sharing.

The power of the public purse: financing of global health partnerships and acienda setting for sustainability

Public-private partnerships(PPPs) have reshaped the institutional structure of global governance.They have advanced collaboration on core issues such as health, clean energy, the rights of women and children, and access to infrastructure, among others. But which actors create and finance public-private partnerships in global governance to advance such objectives? What are the implications of the agency behind such collaboration for influencing the global agenda on sustainable development? While some scholars and advocacy groups see the growing role of private actors as a powershift away from public institutions, others argue that such arrangements tend to be complementary to public mandates and indeed may provide a new means for international institutions to pursue such mandates. The article probes this debate by analyzing the type of actors that finance global health partnerships, an area in which the influence of hybrid initiatives is particularly prominent. It reveals that public financing remains a core and necessary condition for the emergence and functioning of PPPs. The growing share of private financing,nonetheless, has important implications for shaping partnerships agendas and steering global health and sustainability governance. Rather than a powershift or abdication of responsibilities by the state, there is rather a tendency of deliberate diffusion of power by donors toward hybrid structures.

Apples, oranges and lemons: public sector debt statistics in the 21st century

In both academic research and policymaking,public sector debt and debt-to-GDP ratios are relied on for a multitude of important economic,political and socioeconomic decisions,especially as public sector balance sheets expand to an unprecedented size in the midst of the 2019–2020 COVID pandemic.The reliance on available data from reputable sources often overlooks the question of whether the denominator in this ratio is accurately measured or how well the denominator is understood by the audience interpreting it.Building on past work in international financial statistics,and making use of a unique and newly created dataset on media reporting of public sector debt,the purpose of this article is to examine the quality,accuracy,interpretation and overall meaningfulness of public sector financial statistics.The main findings suggest that i)most of the world’s governments still do not seem to feel sufficient pressure to voluntarily provide comprehensive financial statistics based on well-defined modern methodological frameworks and ii)high profile financial statistics,which are reported,have become increasingly numerous and complicated,making it difficult for non-experts to know which is most appropriate in the context of their analysis.

Local Government Implicit Guarantees in China＇ s Farmland Financial System

With the massive and intensive development of the operation mode of rural land in China,the financing problem of the new rural land managers has gradually attracted more attention.The reasonable design of farmland financial system is of great importance to promote rural financial resource allocation optimization.This paper chooses two types of measures of local government implicit guarantees which are commonly used in promoting rural land mortgage loan.The measures are establishing guarantee mechanism to provide guaranties to borrowers and purchasing debt assets from financial institutions.The analysis framework is based on the financing ability theory of Holmstrom &Tirole.Research shows that when considering the collateral disposal cost,the two measures both could contribute to expand the coverage of farmland financial service.Meanwhile,local government implicit guarantees also exists some negative effects.The suggestions of the paper are reducing the collateral disposal costs of farmland loan /encouraging the market-oriented guarantee institutions to enter the rural credit market further standardizing the operation of policy guarantee mechanism and making the use range of risk fund and disposal fund clear.

Universal Health Coverage in Somalia: Charting the Path to Equitable Healthcare Financing and Governance

Somalia is a country facing numerous challenges in achieving universal health coverage (UHC) and ensuring adequate healthcare financing, This article explores the complexities and obstacles that Somalia must overcome in its pursuit of UHC, the paper begins by providing an overview of the current healthcare landscape in Somalia, highlighting the lack of infrastructure, political instability, and limited financial resources that hinder the establishment of a comprehensive and equitable healthcare system. It then examines the role of international aid and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in filling the healthcare gap, while emphasizing the need for a more sustainable, domestically financed solution. Drawing on a range of data sources and case studies, the article proposes a multi-faceted approach to strengthen healthcare governance, improve resource allocation, and foster local capacity building, the study delves into the unique obstacles that Somalia faces, including a lack of infrastructure, political instability, and limited financial resources, which hinder the establishment of a comprehensive and equitable healthcare system. The paper also examines the role of international aid and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in filling the healthcare gap, while highlighting the need for a more sustainable, domestically financed solution. The findings underscore the importance of political commitment, international cooperation, and innovative financing mechanisms in advancing towards UHC in Somalia, providing valuable insights for other low resource, conflict affected settings.

数字金融的绿色效应:数字普惠金融与企业绿色技术创新

在新发展理念下,基于绿色导向与创新导向系统实现企业的绿色技术创新成为企业绿色转型与创新驱动发展的重要突破口。本文选取中国沪深A股上市公司数据,考察了数字普惠金融对企业绿色技术创新的具体影响效应及其机制。研究结果表明:数字普惠金融及其覆盖广度、使用深度和数字化程度均显著促进企业绿色技术创新,数字普惠金融主要通过提高企业创新投入、降低企业风险水平以及增强企业治理水平的三重机制促进企业绿色技术创新,数字普惠金融对企业绿色技术创新的促进效应在融资约束程度高与市场化程度低地区的企业中更为明显。因此,政府要深化金融供给侧结构性改革,推动数字普惠金融发展;企业要高度重视数字普惠金融的赋能效应,完善数字普惠金融助力企业绿色技术创新的协同机制,通过实施绿色技术创新战略实现企业绿色低碳转型升级。

资治通鉴与政府统计研究

由北宋史学家司马光编撰的《资治通鉴》包含丰富的统计数据,涵盖户籍人口、赋税徭役、军情战报、农业生产等诸多方面,是研究我国古代政府统计演变历程极为宝贵的史料基础。为总结历史经验,汲取历史智慧,本文基于对《资治通鉴》中统计活动、统计数据、统计思想和统计方法的细致钩沉与深入解读,聚焦典型案例,突出数据治理,从政府统计工作组织开展情况、政府统计的主要内容,以及防范和惩治统计造假等三个部分对五代及以前时期我国政府统计的状况加以刻画与总结。研究发现:我国古代政府统计起步时间早,渐趋成熟和稳定;统计工作历来备受重视,日益成为国家治理的有效工具和相关决策的重要基础;统计造假问题时有发生,防范和惩处力度较大;统计数据的收集利用程度与经济社会状况高度相关;统计与其他领域深度融合,专门的统计问题研究较为欠缺。

亚投行与传统多边开发银行的比较

作为新兴国家参与建立全球发展治理新机制的重要尝试,亚投行在其建制和发展过程中与传统多边开发银行呈现出机制趋异与趋同并存的特点。一方面,亚投行在机制目标、制度设计、治理结构和决策模式等方面具有制度趋异的特点,展现出优势与创新。另一方面,亚投行在业务原则、融资政策、机制理念和伙伴关系等方面具有制度趋同的特点。制度趋异反映了新兴国家以实际行动践行多边主义,提升发展中国家的代表性,获取制度合法性,回应域内国家发展需求,切实保障成员国利益的诉求。制度趋同则体现了新兴国家学习兼容主流国际规范及对标最佳实践,提升机制有效性的考虑。亚投行制度趋异和趋同现象反映出新兴国家在创立全球发展治理新机制时既追求建制的代表性,又追求机制有效性;既“推陈出新”,又“博采众长”的建制理念。

地方政府债务与企业投资“脱实向虚”

如何理解地方政府债务在国民经济发展中的影响作用是当前学术界与政府部门关注的焦点议题。本文采用2009—2018年中国上市公司数据,基于融资结构视角实证考察了地方政府债务对企业投资的影响效应和作用机制。研究发现:第一,地方政府债务扩张导致了非国有上市公司实体投资下降和金融投资上升,而对国有上市公司投资没有显著影响;第二,这一影响具有明显的地区、行业和企业个体异质性;第三,在地方政府债务攀升下非国有上市公司的融资结构变化,是导致企业投资“脱实向虚”的潜在影响机制;第四,从发展角度来看,金融投资收益率会随着地方政府债务增加而下降,因此长期持续增加金融投资不利于企业经营发展和国民经济运行,而政府债务资金投向基建民生领域能够缓解实体投资下滑。最后,根据研究结论,本文提出了具有针对性的政策建议。

革命财政中的地方主义——南京临时政府财政问题再讨论

南京临时政府与清政府的财政命运极其相似,皆受财政地方主义的羁制,陷入“中央孤悬”的境况。在南京临时政府的财政收入中,以临时性的非税收收入为主,缺少稳定的税收来源。税收本应由各地解送,但革命省份在接收原财政体系之后,并未积极向中央解送应缴款项协助纾困救急,反而还希望获得中央财政的拨款,甚至截留成为常态。这当然与各省的政治态度及财政赤字有关,但仍受清末以来财政地方主义的直接影响。中央允许地方就地筹款,外销和摊派范围不断扩大,原属中央财政的正额赋税钱粮之征收权、分配权和使用权部分被转至地方。在武昌首义爆发后,大部分省份对清政府的催解谕令置之不理;在宣布易帜独立之后,各省对临时政府的催款命令同样消极应付。财政地方主义的延续,对政权更迭及革命本身产生了重要影响。

基于MOS认证体系的统计数据处理与课证融通教学模式研究

MOS在全球具有广泛影响力,是评价企业数据处理与分析人员技术水平的重要依据,高等职业教育财经商贸大类所属专业类、专业对MOS有较高的依赖性,受限于教育行业兼任企业技术人员数量,目前尚未见到将MOS体系与相关专业课程有效融合的成熟案例。本文以MOS专家级认证为基本参照,探索统计实践教学与“Microsoft Excel Expert”的融合机制,系统研究基于MOS的课证融通教学模式。

共同富裕目标下数字金融对农民收入的影响研究

本文利用2014—2021年我国29个省(区、市)的县级数据实证研究共同富裕目标下数字金融对农民收入的影响。研究结果表明:数字金融有利于增加农民收入,同时,缩小城乡收入差距和缩小农村内部收入差距,进而促进农民农村共同富裕;数字金融显著提升西部地区和受教育程度高的农民收入;数字金融通过扩大非农经营规模和促进非农就业规模来增加农民收入;政府支持在数字金融与农民收入的关系中具有调节作用,即随着政府支持力度增大,数字金融与农民收入的正向关系会增加。根据相应研究,本文提出拓展数字金融的使用、提高数字金融的素养和重视政府对数字金融的指导作用的政策建议。

“两个大局”背景下中国金融发展问题研究

金融在国民经济发展中具有重要地位、发挥着关键作用,并与经济发展相互影响。新时代我国金融处于发展、完善和转型中,面临经济转向创新驱动高质量发展的新需求。这要求我们结合国内外发展,在“两个大局”背景下重新思考金融在国民经济中的地位和作用。我国的金融与发展改革、财政形成合力,共同服务于实体经济发展,发挥着以市场方式实现国家战略导向下的资源优化配置的特殊功能。为构建适应发展环境、服务于国家战略的有用、高效和安全的现代金融体系,未来5年我国宜聚焦实现金融与产业、科技良性循环,完善可持续的政策性金融体系,协调新发展格局下的金融开放与金融安全,构建与中国特色现代金融体系相适应的监管、调控和风险防范处置机制。

产业政策促进企业创新的传递机制与情境条件——来自沪深A股上市公司的经验证据

近年来,随着中国企业逐渐接近技术创新的前沿,技术追赶的空间被进一步压缩,经济发展和产业政策面临着越来越大的挑战。文章以2008—2021年沪深A股上市公司为样本,考察产业政策对企业创新的影响,并分析了其传递机制和情境条件。实证结果表明,产业政策对企业的创新活动表现出“双重利好”效应,将同时提高被支持行业中企业的创新数量与创新质量。传递机制分析表明,产业政策主要通过抑制企业金融化程度、提高政府补贴力度、降低债务融资成本、带来更多分析师关注等中介因素驱动企业创新水平的提升。情境条件分析发现,产品竞争市场治理、新闻媒体治理、公司治理、研发投入和高管团队研发经验会加强产业政策对企业创新的正向效应。进一步研究表明,发明专利对企业价值有正向影响且该效应具有一定的持续性,而非发明专利对企业价值有负向影响且该效应不具有持续性。研究揭示了产业政策促进企业创新的传递机制与情境条件,为客观评估中国产业政策的经济效应提供了微观依据。

中国数字普惠金融的收入效应:来自家庭调查微观数据的证据

利用中国家庭调查微观数据探讨数字普惠金融对中国城乡居民的收入增长不平等的直接影响及其机制,结果表明,数字普惠金融直接降低了城市和农村地区贫困的持续性,具有明显的减贫效应和增长效应,但对收入不平等具有马太效应,而且数字普惠金融发展对居民收入分配具有库兹涅茨效应和门槛效应。机制分析发现,城乡居民在银行贷款可获得性和贷款额度、居民创业成功概率以及人力资本提升等方面的差异性,解释了马太效应存在的原因。政府的财政支出政策减轻了数字普惠金融对居民收入不平等的马太效应。因此,应当加强信息通信技术基础设施建设,强化数字普惠金融知识的宣传和传播,同时实施合适的财政政策,这是减轻数字普惠金融收入分配马太效应的有效机制。

企业数字化转型是否提升了绿色技术创新的“量与质”——基于A股上市公司的实证研究

企业绿色技术创新是降低碳排放实现高质量发展的重要途径。当前,越来越多的企业借助新兴的信息技术进行数字化变革,为绿色技术创新提供了有利机遇。从内部治理、商业信用融资和人力资本三个方面剖析企业数字化转型影响绿色技术创新的作用机制,以我国2007—2020年沪深A股上市公司为研究样本,进行实证检验。研究表明:企业数字化转型通过提升内部治理水平、提高商业信用融资能力和优化人力资本结构等促进绿色技术创新;进一步分析发现,数字化转型不仅促进了企业绿色技术创新的“量”,还对绿色技术创新的“质”产生了显著的正向影响。企业数字化转型对绿色技术创新的影响效应在国有企业、大型企业以及非重污染行业中更显著。