Establishment of Double-antigen Sandwich Time-resolved Fluorescence Immunoassay for Detection of Pest des Petits Ruminants Virus

[Objectives]This study was conducted to explore rapid and large-scale screening and detection of peste des petits ruminants(PPR),so as to provide important technical means for prevention,control and purification of PPR.[Methods]Soluble N protein and NH fusion protein were successfully obtained in an Escherichia coli expression system by optimizing E.coli codon and expression conditions.Furthermore,based on purified soluble N protein and NH fusion protein,a double-antigen sandwich time-resolved fluorescence immunoassay method for detection of peste des petits ruminants virus(PPRV)was established.[Results]The method has high sensitivity and specificity and can specifically detect the antibody against PPRV in sheep serum,and it has no cross reaction with other related diseases.The method was used to detect 292 clinical samples,and compared with French IDVET competition ELISA kit.The coincidence rates of positive samples and negative samples from the two kinds of test kits were 92.47%and 97.26%,respectively,and the overall coincidence rate was 94.86%.The intra-group and inter-group coefficients of variation in the repeatability test were less than 10%.[Conclusions]Compared with the traditional ELISA method,the double-antigen sandwich time-resolved fluorescence immunoassay for detection of PPRV has equivalent sensitivity and specificity,and simple and rapid operation,and thus high application and popularization value.

A Comparison of Pound's Poetic Ideas and Some Chinese Poetic Principles-Using the Translation of "The Jewel Stairs' Grievance" as a Case in Point

The prominent features of Li Bai's "The Jewel Stairs'Grievance" are precise diction;implicit meaning;an absent narrator;and a seamless unity of images and feelings.Pound's translation of it in Cathay reveals some kind of connections between some Chinese poetic principals and Pound's individual poetics.

ON THE STRICTLY POSITIVE SOLUTIONS OF NONAUTONOMOUS KOLMOGOROV COMPETITION SYSTEMS

In this paper, the existence of strictly positive solutions for N-species nonau- tonom ous Kolm ogorov com petition system s is studied. By applying the Schauder's fixed point theorem som e new sufficient conditions are established. In particular, for the alm ost periodic system , the existence of strictly positive alm ostperiodic solutions is obtained. Som e previous results are im proved and generalized.

Establishment of High-sensitivity Rapid Fluorescence Quantitative Detection Method for Antibody against Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus

[Objectives]This study was conducted to establish a rapid quantitative method for detecting antibody against Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus(PPR V)in sheep serum.[Methods]Soluble N protein and NH fusion protein were obtained in Escherichia coli prokaryotic expression system by optimizing codons and expression conditions of E.coli.Furthermore,based on the purified soluble N protein and NH fusion protein,a high-sensitivity fluorescence immunoassay kit for detecting the antibody against PPR V was established.[Results]The method could quickly and quantitatively detect PPR V antibody in sheep serum,with high sensitivity and specificity,without any cross reaction to other related sheep pathogens.The intra-batch and inter-batch coefficients of variation were less than 10%and 15%,respectively,and the method had good repeatability.Through detection on 292 clinical serum samples,it was compared with the French IDVET competitive ELISA kit,and the coincidence rate of the two methods reached 93.84%.Compared with the serum neutralization test,the detected titer value of the high-sensitivity rapid fluorescence quantitative detection method was basically consistent with the tilter value obtained by the neutralization test on the standard positive serum(provided by the WOAH Brucellosis Reference Laboratory of France).[Conclusions]This method can realize rapid quantitative detection of PPR V antibody on site,and has high practical value and popularization value.

Traumatic lumbar hernia: A systematic review of the literature

Purpose:Traumatic lumbar hernia(TLH)constitutes a protrusion of content through a defect in the posterior abdominal wall,as a result of injury.This rare entity has been described in limited number of cases.Methods:A systematic review of the literature was performed according to the meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology guidelines.The English literature from 1990 until 2021 was reviewed,using PubMed,EMBASE and Google Scholar bibliographic databases,to identify case reports and case series with patients that were diagnosed with TLH.For each eligible study,demographics,clinical presentation,hernia characteristics,preoperative imaging investigations,operation details,and postoperative data were extracted for assessment.Statistical analysis was performed on SPSS,version 20.0.Results:A total of 62 studies were included for review,with 164 patients with TLH.Mean age was(42.6±14.3)years(47.6%males,31.1%females,gender not specified in 35 cases).Mean diameter of hernia neck was(6.3±3.1)cm,while the triangles of Petit and Grynfeltt were affected in 74.5%and 14.6%,respectively.Patients diagnosed in the emergency setting account for 54.2%,with CT scan establishing diagnosis in all but one case(97.7%).A delayed diagnosis was made in 45.8%,at a mean 1 year following trauma.Flank bulging(82.8%)and chronic back pain(34.3%)were the most frequent symptoms.In both delayed and acute group,open surgery(63.6%and 92.3%,respectively)was the preferred surgical approach.Postoperative complications were reported in 11.4%of acute and 15.0%of delayed patients.Hernia recurrence was 7%.Conclusions:TLH is uncommon with 164 cases described since 1990.CT scan is the gold standard in diagnosis.Open surgery is generally the preferred approach,particularly in the emergency setting.Acute TLH can be treated either by primary suture repair or mesh,depending on the local conditions,whereas delayed cases usually require a mesh.

Monitoring and Tracking on Immune Antibody of Sheep Peste des Petits Ruminants

Peste ties petits ruminants is a kind of acute eontagious disease infecting goats anti sheep. In this study, antibtly monitoring and tracking of healthy goat and sheep immunized by peste des petits ruminants vaccine in Changping District of Beijing City were conducted, aiming at providing a reference for the devel- opment of effective immunization procedures.

Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Peste des Petits Ruminants among Sheep and Goats in Kassala State, Sudan

Peste des petits ruminant (PPR) is a contagious disease of small ruminants caused by a virus that belongs to the genus Morbillivirus of the family Paramyxoviridae. This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of PPR disease in sheep and goats and its associated risk factors in Kassala State, Eastern Sudan. Across sectional study was conducted during the period from 30th August to 25th November 2015. The study was carried out using a structured questionnaire survey and a total of 918 blood samples were collected from apparently healthy unvaccinated sheep and goats in different localities in State of Kassala. A total of 546 sheep and 372 goats were tested for specific antibodies to nucleoprotein (NP) by competitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA). The apparent overall prevalence of PPR antibodies in Kassala was 58.2% while the true prevalence was calculated to be 61.3%. The apparent prevalence in sheep and goats was 68.1% and 43.5% respectively. Univariate analysis showed that the risk factors had significant associations with a cELISA positive status: locality, species, age, breed, husbandry system, housing mode, animals movement (p = 0.000) and animals sharing pasture and water (p = 0.003), while sex and newly introduced animals were not significant risk factors (p = 0.771) (p = 0.050) respectively. Factors found that significantly associated (p < 0.05) with increased odds of being cELISA positive in multivariate analysis were localities, species, age and newly introduced animals. The prevalence differed between localities and was the highest in the River Atbara (84.0%) locality, whereas it was lowest in Delta North (29.0%). No significant difference was observed among the sexes. However, the prevalence differed in different age groups and was 52.25% in animals of less than six months old;49.3% were between seven months and two years old and 65.5% were above two years old. In different husbandry systems, the prevalence was 47.9%, 73.0% and 49.2% in intensive, open grazing and pastoral systems respectively. Housing type effects were also observed;the highest prevalence was in animals housed in metal fence (83.3%). The movement pattern showed significant effect, where the prevalence was the highest (81.3%) in animals that move inter-states/inter-localities. It is concluded that the disease is endemic in Kassala State, high prevalent in sheep and goats, posing a threat to animal exportation, and may have a serious economic influence. Owners and herders should compulsorily vaccinate their animals yearly and animals should be investigated periodically for implementation of crucial eradication program.

Efficient and Soluble Expression of N Protein of Peste Des Petits Ruminants Virus and Development of Indirect ELISA

[ Objective] The paper was to get effective soluble N protein to establish indirect ELISA method for Peste des petits ruminants （PPR）. [ Method] Soluble N protein with high expression was obtained from Escherichia coli expression system through codon optimization and optimization of expression conditions, and indirect ELISA detection method based on N protein was further established. [ Result] The assay had no cross reaction with other sheep pathogens. The intra- and inter-batch variation coefficients were less than 9%, indicating the method had good repeatability. Furthermore, totally 480 clinical serum samples were detec- ted by the assay, and the agreement rate with commercial ELISA kit （IDVET） was 98.33%. [ Conclusion] The study laid a foundation for further development of mature PPRV antibody detection kits.

Sero-Prevalence and Risk Factors of Diffusion of Peste des Petits Ruminants in Cameroon

The present study was carried out between April 2015 and January 2016 to estimate the sero-prevalence and identify the risk factors of the peste des petits ruminants (PPR) in Cameroon. A total of 269 herds randomly sampled across the country have been studied and 1622 samples of serum have been levied on the sheep and goat. The c-ELISA has been studied in order to detect the presence of antibodies in small ruminants like an indicator of exposition to PPRV. The results revealed the circulation of PPRV in the country with a total sero-prevalence of 39% [95%CI;37 - 41] and a sero-prevalence of 63.2% [95%CI;57.2 - 69.2] at the herd level. Sero-prevalence was variable in the ten regions ranging from 7% [95% CI;6.2 - 8.4] to 73% [95% CI;62 - 84] with the northern zone (Adamawa, North and Far-North) having 52.3% [95% CI;37 - 60] and southern zone (including the remaining seven regions) recording 29% [95% CI;11 - 57]. Similarly, it was higher in animals found in urban/peri-urban areas than in rural areas with prevalence ratio of 2.9 [95% CI 2.54 - 3.4;p < 0.001] i.e. 3 times more, 1.6 [95% CI 1.36 - 1.90;p < 0.001] i.e. 1.6 times more, and 5.02 [95% CI 3.91 - 6.85;p < 0.001] i.e. 5 times more at national level, in the northern zone and in the southern area, respectively. Five risk factors have been identified: the breeding environment, introduction of new animals into the herds, gathering of animals for pasture and watering, wandering and transhumance. The breeding area appeared to be the most important risk factor associated with disease exposure. The control measures for the eradication of this disease must take into account the epidemiological situation, the breeding environment, animal transhumance and breeding system.

Best Practice Grievance Handling： Exploring Its Importance to the Internal/External Customer Satisfaction Equation at a Caribbean University

In 2012, 92 Administrative, Technical and Service Staff （ATS S） grievances （unresolved departmental conflicts） were referred to the Industrial Relations arm of the HR division of the UWI St Augustine Campus. Of these trade disputes, 52 cases were ＂resolved＂ and 10 unresolved cases were referred to the Ministry of Labor. In 2009, 692 disputes from various organizations nationally were lodged at the Industrial Court of Trinidad and Tobago--781 in 2010, 778 in 2011 and at September 25th, 2012, 566 were filed （Swamber, 2012）. Vincent Cabera, president of the Banking, Insurance and General Workers Union, expressing his grave concern about these statistics cited inter alia, noted that ＂work stoppages that currently persist in society owed to the malfunctioning of the industrial relations system of the twin island＂. Legitimate members of the Recognized Majority Union （RMU）, who have within the past year at the Campus experienced unresolved conflicts at the departmental level that progressed to trade disputes will be eligible to participate and electronically administered a semi-structured questionnaire developed to determine the frequency and causes of unresolved conflict, their perceptions of its handling, as well as Form A of the Rahim Organizational Conflict Inventory II （ROCI-II） （Rahim, 1983） to classify the conflict management style of their Heads of departments.

Construction of Recombinant Baculovirus Containing Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus N Gene and Establishment of Indirect ELISA for Detecting Serum Antibodies

This experiment was conducted to diagnose Peste des Petits Ruminants based on the eukaryotically-expressed PPRV nucleoprotein through an indirect ELISA. The full-length PPRV nucleoprotein gene was obtained from viral genome RNA by RT-PCR. The amplified fragments were cloned into baculovirus donor vectors pFastHTA of the Bac-to-Bac system. These recombinant plasmids, pFastHTA-PPRV-N, were transformed into DH10Bac host bacteria to obtain recombinant shuttle plasmids, pBacmid-PPRV-N. Recombinant baculovirus, Bacmid-PPRV-N, was generated for expression of the PPRV nucleoprotein by transfecting recombinant pBacmid-PPRV-N with Lipofectamine 2000 into Sf21 insect cells. The efficient expression of PPRV Nucleoprotein by baculovirus in Sf21 cells was verified by SDS-PAGE and Western blot. An indirect ELISA was developed using recombinant PPRV nucleoprotein as the coating antigen. 37 goat sera from an epidemic area in Tibet and 92 goat sera from a non-infected area in Qinghai Province were simultaneously detected by the indirect ELISA, developed here, and the international standard cELISA kit. The sensitivity and specificity of the indirect ELISA was 100% and 96.2% compared with the cELISA kit. The coincidence rate of the two methods was 96.9%. The results demonstrated that the indirect ELISA established in this study works well for diagnosis of PPR.

TRAVELLING FRONT SOLUTION FOR A CLASS OF COMPETITION-DIFFUSION SYSTEM WITH HIGH-ORDER SINGULAR POINT

In thispaper,theexistence oftravelling frontsolution fora classofcom petition-diffu- sion system w ith high-order singular point w it = diw ixx - w αii fi(w ),x ∈R,t> 0,i= 1,2 (Ⅰ) is studied,w here di,αi> 0 (i= 1,2) and w = (w 1(x,t),w 2(x,t)).Under the certain assum ptions on f,itis show ed thatifαi< 1 for som e i,then (Ⅰ) has no travelling frontsolution,ifαi≥1 for i= 1,2,then there isa c0,c:c0≥c> 0,w herecis called the m inim alwavespeed of(Ⅰ),such thatifc≥c0 orc= c,then (Ⅰ) has a travelling frontsolution,ifc< c,then (Ⅰ) hasno travel- ling frontsolution by using the shooting m ethod in com bination w ith a com pactness argum ent.

Seed and Wasp Production in the Mutualism of Figs and Fig Wasps

Figs (Moracea: Ficus) and fig wasps (Hymenoptera: Chlocloids: Agaonideae) depend on each other to complete their reproduction. Monoecious fig species and their pollinating wasps are in conflict over the use of fig ovaries which can either produce one seed or one wasp. From observation on Ficus virens Ait., we showed that female flowers with outer layer of ovaries (near to the wall of syconium) had no significant difference from that with inner and interval layer of ovaries (near to the syconium cavity), in which most seeds and wasps were produced. This meant that fig tree provided the same potential resource for seed and wasps production. Observation indicated that there was usually only one foundress in syconium at female flower phase and no com- petition pollinators. Measurement of the style length of female flowers and the ovipositor of pollinators indicated that most ovaries could be reached by pollinator’s ovipositor. However, at the male flower phase, production of seeds was significantly more than that of wasps including non-pollinating wasps but there was no significant difference between seed and pollinating wasp production when without non-pollinating wasps produced. This result indicated that non-pollinating wasps competed ovaries not with seeds but with pollinating wasps for ovipositing. Bagged experiment showed that the sampling fig species was not self-sterile which was important for figs and wasps to survive bad season. Seed production in self-pollinated figs was not significantly different from total wasps in- cluding non-pollinating ones. This might be related with the weaker competition among wasps since bagged figs were not easy to reach by wasps from outside.

研究生学位论文评议结论异议的申诉制度探析

我国目前的研究生学位论文评议有两种情况:一种是已获得学位的学位论文被教育行政部门或学校抽检评议;另一种是学位论文答辩前的例行评议。学位论文评议结论对学位申请人是否能参与答辩或学位获得者能否保留住学位有重要影响,学位申请者或获得者在对学位评议结论有异议时应享有申诉权。各学位授予单位关于申诉权的发生事由与提出条件有不同规定,在国家法律层面缺失救济程序的情况下,学位申请者或获得者只能根据各学位授予单位的申诉程序去寻求权利救济与保护。目前,我国现行的学位论文评议结论异议申请程序在一定程度上存在程序缺失、申诉范围狭隘、审查职责不清等问题,应完善学位论文申诉权及申诉程序的原则,各学位授予单位根据实际情况细化程序规则,扩大研究生学位论文评议结论异议申诉的范围,加强异议申诉程序的正当性设计以及完善我国现行的学位论文的复审机制。

中国情境下管理者对员工申诉的处理策略及其效应研究

员工申诉机制是劳动关系源头治理的关键,有助于缓解经济下行中日趋紧张的劳资关系。管理者作为基层员工申诉处理的关键参与者,其处理策略对劳资关系的走向起到重要作用。本研究拟探索管理者对员工申诉的处理策略,构建中国情境下申诉处理模型。本研究通过对328位员工的访谈资料进行分析发现:中国情境下的申诉处理策略呈现3种导向、7种策略。其中,报复、强制、说服和回避为维护组织利益导向型策略,折中和合作为利益平衡导向型策略,让步为员工利益导向型策略。使用利益平衡导向型策略和员工利益导向型策略可以有效解决申诉,而使用组织利益导向型策略不利于申诉解决,会导致员工隐忍、员工离职,甚至是申诉外溢。此外,本研究还探索了员工申诉处理的动态过程,分析了不同阶段管理者使用不同处理策略的情境及结果。本研究构建了中国情境下的员工申诉处理策略模型,从劳资互动视角探索了申诉处理的演变过程,拓展了员工申诉理论和管理者行为研究。

无理涉诉信访治理中适用听证制度的路径思考——基于H省L市法院信访案件处理的实证分析

无理涉诉信访是当前困扰各级法院的重大难题,它具有信访层级向上偏好、线上途径占比较高、重复访现象普遍、信访终结难度大等特征,并在实践中主要呈现谋利型、偏执型和复合型三种典型形态。无理涉诉信访严重损害司法公信力、浪费社会资源、破坏诚信体系,必须在法治轨道内进行治理。在涉诉信访治理中适用听证制度具有特殊法治意义,它有助于保障当事人理性表达、促进信息公开、形成认知共识,进而实现程序正义。现阶段存在听证制度适用标准不明确、适用程序不规范、配套措施不完善等问题,应明确听证制度的启用标准、优化听证的重点环节、深化听证结果运用,强化无理信访惩戒等配套制度,从而提升无理涉诉信访处理的效能和法治化水平,促进信访治理现代化。

从感物美学的角度重审“诗可以怨”观念

自从钱钟书先生的论文《诗可以怨》发表后,“诗可以怨”一直被看作是文学创作的主要动机。从感物美学角度,创作动机可以划分为自然风物触发与社会历史现实触发两种基本类型。研究发现,无论因何而触发,文学创作动机都不仅包括“诗可以怨”,而且还包括“诗可以乐”。由此可见,文论界普遍认同的“诗可以怨”是文学创作的主要动机这一观念其实是不全面的和有局限性的,文学创作的动机实际上是“多元情感并举”的。

信访:民众诉求表达与社会矛盾化解的重要制度安排

信访工作是中国共产党群众路线的重要体现,是党治国理政的一项特有制度安排,深嵌于中国国家治理场景中。信访制度发轫于新中国成立初期,历经改革开放后的恢复发展,到新时代党和国家对其的改革重塑,反映出不同历史阶段的时代特征。在实践过程中,信访制度塑造了中央政府、基层政府与信访民众等多行为主体之间复杂的关系样态,呈现出“政府回应与社会抗争”“群众路线与维稳利器”“维权之举与谋利之术”等行为逻辑。就未来改革和研究议程而言,需从宏观上将信访融入国家治理整体格局中思考,从中观上优化信访制度本身的运行逻辑,从微观上健全和完善信访工作的各项机制。

专业社会工作赋能信访问题治理的理论基础与实践路径

引入社会力量参与信访问题治理是做好新时代信访工作的关键举措。专业社会工作凭借其理论基础和实务方法,成为赋能信访矛盾善治的重要结构性主体。本文从价值、理论、方法三个维度研讨专业社会工作赋能信访工作何以可能的理论问题,阐释专业社会工作在开展信访问题源头治理、以专业识别与干预技术赋能、推进信访矛盾全过程治理等方面的特殊治理效能。在此基础上,描摹和展望了专业社会工作赋能信访问题治理的实践路径,包括嵌入基层治理组织体系、入驻乡镇(街道)社会工作站、承接政府发包项目等。实现专业社会工作赋能信访问题治理效能的跃升,还必须注重信访社会工作的职业化与专业化发展,促进行政性社会工作与专业性社会工作的嵌合,加强党建引领并明确信访社工的角色定位,真正将专业社会工作塑造为新时代信访工作转换升级的重要依凭。

2020-2022年湖南省小反刍兽疫春、秋季免疫效果评估

为掌握湖南省小反刍兽疫集中免疫效果,科学评估各市州免疫质量,2020~2022年在全省开展小反刍兽疫春、秋季免疫效果评估。结果显示:2020~2022年小反刍兽疫集中免疫的群体合格率为65.3%,个体合格率为71.0%。全省各地区小反刍兽疫免疫不平衡,个体免疫率最高的可达94.4%,最低的仅为47.5%。规模场免疫效果好于散养户。调查显示,一些散养户免疫意识较弱,存在免疫操作不规范情况。需要进一步加强对散养户的宣传和指导。