Accumulator-Based Deep-Sea Microbe Gastight Sampling Technique

The accumulator is used as a pressure compensation device to realize deep-sea microbe gastight sampling. Four key states of the accumulator are proposed to describe the pressure compensation process and a corresponding mathematical model is established to investigate the relationship between the results of pressure compensation and the parameters of the accumulator. Simulation results show that during the falling process of the sampler, the accumulator＇ s real opening pressure is greater than its precharge pressure; when the sampling depth is 6000 m and the accumulator＇ s precharge pressure is less than 30 MPa, to increase the accumulator＇ s precharge pressure can improve pressure compensation results obviously. Laboratory experiments at 60 MPa show that the acctunulator is an effective and reliable pressure compensation device for deep-sea microbe samplers, The success in sea trial at a depth of 2000 m in the South China Sea shows that the mathematical model and laboratory experiment results are reliable.

Optimal estimation of zonal velocity and transport through Luzon Strait using variational data assimilation technique

A P-vector method was optimized using variational data assimilation technique, with which the vertical structures and seasonal variations of zonal velocities and transports were investigated. The results showed that westward and eastward flowes occur in the Luzon Strait in the same period in a year. However the net volume transport is westward. In the upper level (0m -500m),the westward flow exits in the middle and south of the Luzon Strait, and the eastward flow exits in the north. There are two centers of westward flow and one center of eastward flow. In the middle of the Luzon Strait, westward and eastward flowes appear alternately in vertical direction. The westward flow strengthens in winter and weakens in summer. The net volume transport is strong in winter (5.53 Sv) but weak in summer (0.29 Sv). Except in summer, the volume transport in the upper level accounts for more than half of the total volume transport (0m bottom). In summer, the net volume transport in the upper level is eastward (1.01 Sv), but westward underneath.

Optimal estimation of absolute geostrophic velocity field in vicinity of the Luzon Strait using variational data assimilation technique

A P - vector method is optimized using the variational data assimilation technique(VDAT). The absolute geostrophic velocity fields in the vicinity of the Luzon Strait (LS) are calculated, the spatial structures and seasonal variations of the absolute geostrophic velocity field are investigated. Our results show that the Kuroshio enters the South China Sea (SCS) in the south and middle of the Luzon Strait and flows out in the north, so the Kuroshio makes a slight clockwise curve in the Luzon Strait, and the curve is strong in winter and weak in summer. During the winter, a westward current appears in the surface, and locates at the west of the Luzon Strait. It is the north part of a cyclonic gyre which exits in the northeast of the SCS; an anti-cyclonic gyre occurs on the intermediate level, and it exits in the northeast of the SCS, and an eastward current exits in the southeast of the anti-cyclonic gyre.

Integrated gravity and magnetic study on patterns of petroleum basin occurrence in the China seas and adjacent areas

The China seas and adjacent areas contain numerous petroleum basins.One of the main challenges for future oil and gas exploration is to identify the inherent patterns of petroleum basin distribution.The formation and evolution of petroleum basins along with the migration and accumulation of oil and gas are often closely related to the tectonic environment.The gravity and magnetic fields with high lateral resolution and wide coverage provide important data for regional tectonic research.Based on the gravity data in the Global Satellite Gravity Anomaly Database(V31.1)and magnetic data from the Earth Magnetic Anomaly Grid(2-arc-minute resolution)(V2),this study uses integrated gravity and magnetic field technique to obtain integrated gravity and magnetic field result for the China seas and adjacent areas,and then adopts the normalized vertical derivative of the total horizontal derivative technique to conduct partition.Finally,it identifies the relationship between the partition characteristics and tectonics as well as the patterns of petroleum basin occurrence.The research shows that the partition of gravity and magnetic field integrated result has a good correlation with the Neo-Cathaysian tectonic system and tectonic units.The petroleum basins are characterized according to three blocks arranged from north to south and four zones arranged from east to west.The north-south block structure causes the uneven distribution of oil and gas resources in the mainland area and the differences in the hydrocarbon-bearing strata.Petroleum basins are more abundant in the north than in the south.The ages of the main oil-and gas-bearing strata are“Paleozoic–Mesozoic,Paleozoic–Mesozoic–Cenozoic,and Paleozoic–Mesozoic”,in order from north to south.The difference in the overall type of oil and gas resources in all basins is controlled by the east–west zonation.From east to west,the oil and gas resource type exhibits a wave-like pattern of“oil and gas,gas,oil and gas,gas”.The vertical distribution is characterized by an upper oil(Mesozoic–Cenozoic)and lower gas(Mesozoic–Paleozoic)structure.Within the study area,the Paleozoic marine strata should be the main strata of future natural gas exploration.

Intravascular Access in Chelonia mydas and Dermochelys coriacea Using the Seldinger Technique U Itrasou nd-Guided

Strand-ed turtles need fluid parenterally. The jugular access is best for the maintenance and patency of the catheter. The Seldinger technique guided by ultrasound seems to be the safest for catheter insertion. Five juveniles Chelonia mydas with fibropapillomatosis and an adult male leatherback turtle （Dermochelys coriacea） with altered buoyancy were sent to Santos Municipal Aquarium for rehabilitation. Turtles underwent catheterization of the jugular vein using the Seldinger technique with central venous polyurethane catheter monolumen 14 G to Dermochelys and 18 G for Chelonia, guided by ultrasound with 10 MHz transducer catheters were sutured to the skin and animals were subjected to fluid. In all turtles, the catheters were patency and were well established. There were no granulomatous reactions or related infections. The Dermochelys improved clinically after fluid resuscitation, and the catheter was removed one week after. In one Chelonia excision was 21% of its weight in tumors, and the animals received colloid catheter by enabling the mitigation of bleeding due to removal. The use of ultrasonography has enabled monitoring of all access as the patency of the catheter and fluid diffusivity.

极端环境隧道建造面临的主要问题及发展趋势

聚焦艰险山区、深水海域与城市敏感区3类极端环境,全面梳理和总结了在此环境下隧道建造面临的主要问题、相关技术突破和未来发展趋势。针对艰险山区中极高地应力、高地温、高海拔以及活动断裂带等极端条件,总结分析围岩和隧道的变形机制、破坏机制及防护措施,并指出未来可通过大数据、机器学习等手段建立更精准的预测模型,以实现隧道建造过程的实时监控和风险评估;针对深水海域中高水压、高烈度地震、强侵蚀环境等极端条件,分析多因素耦合下沉管法及盾构法隧道管片及接头的劣损和破坏机制,总结提升其力学和耐久性能的主要技术措施,并提出未来仍需针对海底隧道管片接头的防水、抗震及抗侵蚀性能开展更深入的研究,以形成完整的理论和技术体系;针对城市敏感区隧道穿越既有隧道、敏感建构筑物、地下障碍物等挑战,总结分析盾构法和顶管法施工环境响应规律、地层变形评估方法和控制技术措施,提出未来可采用机器学习等技术辅助隧道建设,以提升预测和控制的准确性,减小建设过程对城市环境的扰动。目前,相关研究成果为极端环境下的隧道工程建设提供了重要支撑,但部分技术仍需进一步在实践中完善并形成规范,以指导后续的工程建设;而随着新一代信息技术的发展,未来隧道建造必将朝着数字化、智能化、自动化的方向发展,从而保障极端环境下隧道建设的安全、绿色、高效。

铜合金海水管路腐蚀防护及检测技术研究现状

介绍了铜及铜合金海水管路腐蚀的研究进展,并指出铜合金海水管路的腐蚀特征,进而分析适用于海水管路的腐蚀防护技术,并介绍海水管路腐蚀检测与评估的方法,为海水管路的腐蚀防护提供参考。

Preliminary Study of Microzooplankton Grazing and Community Composition in the North of South China Sea in Autumn

Microzoopiankton community composition in the north of South China Sea was investigated during autumn （between September and October）, 2004. Dilution technique using chlorophyll a （Chl a） was employed to estimate grazing rates and grazing pressure. The results showed that Polymenophorea Oligotrichida was the dominant group with 16 species, and there were 4 species in Oligotrichina and 11 species in Tintinnina. The ciliates abundance ranged from 9 to 102 ind/m^3, instantaneous growth rates of phytoplankton （k） varied from 0.03 / d to 2.13 / d. Grazing rates of microzooplankton（g） ranged between 0.01 / d and 1.06 / d. The grazing pressure on initial phytoplankton stock （Pi） and primary production （Pp） was 0.089 % - 65.23 % and 33.63 % - 86.04 %, respectively. The grazing of microzooplankton was mainly limited by ciliates abundance. Results of grazing pressure on primary production indicated that microzooplankton played an improtant role in transmitting primary production in the north of South China Sea.

海参贮藏过程中品质变化、影响因素和调控技术研究进展

海参高蛋白、低脂肪,具有极高的营养价值,其独特的自溶特性导致捕捞后必须马上进行加工处理。海参贮藏过程中通常会发生一系列复杂的生化变化,从而导致其营养损失、品质下降,严重影响其商业价值。本文在概述海参贮藏过程中品质变化的基础上,对其内源性蛋白酶、微生物、非酶凝胶劣化、贮藏条件和预处理方式等主要影响因素以及低温、超高压、天然生物保鲜剂、蛋白酶抑制剂和生物交联等主要调控技术进行了系统地归纳和总结,并对未来品质劣化机制揭示、贮藏技术体系构建等研究重点方向和发展趋势进行了展望,以期能为海参精深加工产业的高质量发展提供一定的理论参考与借鉴。

Estimation and verification of green tide biomass based on UAV remote sensing

Since 2007,the Yellow Sea green tide has broken out every summer,causing great harm to the environment and society.Although satellite remote sensing(RS)has been used in biomass research,there are several shortcomings,such as mixed pixels,atmospheric interference,and difficult field validation.The biomass of green tide has been lacking a high-precision estimation method.In this study,high-resolution unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)RS was used to quantitatively map the biomass of green tides.By utilizing experimental data from previous studies,a robust relationship was established to link biomass to the red-green-blue floating algae index(RGB-FAI).Then,the lab-based model for green tide biomass from visible images taken by the UAV camera was developed and validated by field measurements.Re sults show that the accurate and cost-effective method is able to estimate the green tide biomass and its changes in given local waters of the near and far seas.The study provided an effective complement to the traditional satellite RS,as well as high-precision quantitative techniques for decision-making in disaster management.

渤海海域浅层岩性勘探新进展与勘探关键技术

随着勘探程度的提高,渤海海域浅层规模型构造圈闭已经钻探殆尽,向岩性勘探转移势在必行。但浅层岩性勘探在规模型砂体展布、油气富集模式、薄层砂体边界精细刻画及烃检等方面仍面临诸多问题与挑战。基于全覆盖三维地震资料和分析化验资料,开展了浅层区域沉积格局和油气成藏规律研究,明确了迁移型曲流河、稳定型曲流河、河-湖交互沉积发育模式及规模型砂体分布规律,建立了高凸起区、低凸起区、凹中隆起区和洼陷区4类浅层大面积岩性油气富集模式,同时创新形成井震匹配高分辨率波阻抗反演的砂体描述技术和基于频变AVO特征差异的综合烃类检测技术,推动了渤海海域浅层大面积岩性勘探获得重大突破,发现了垦利6-1、垦利10-2、渤中19-2和秦皇岛27-3等大中型油田。系统总结渤海海域浅层岩性勘探成果,以期对陆相断陷盆地浅层规模型岩性油气藏勘探起到借鉴作用。

RAPD analysis of wild stock of penaeid shrimp (Penaeus chinensis )in Chinese coastal waters of the Huanghai Sea and coastal waters of the Bohai Sea

Genetic diversity of 32 individuals of P. chinensis in the Chinese coastal waters of the Huanghai and Bobal Seas was detected by RAPD technique. Twenty decamer primers of OPI were used for DNA amplification for each individual. The results showed that: Seventeen primers obtained reproducible fingerprints, and the bands were clear. Thirty--nine of 106 loci detected were polymorphic, amounting to 36. 8 %. Mean genetic distance was 0. 094 1 0. 020 6; 68 markers (63. 2 % of the total) showed stable homogeneity in all of the 32 individuals.

Stratigraphic Division Based on Minor Elements in the Sediment Core Q43 from the Outer Shelf of the East China Sea:Approached Through Correspondence Analysis and Fuzzy Cluster Analysis

The multivariate statistical techniques, principal component analysis, Q-modefactor analysis, correspondence analysis and fuzzy C-means clustering were applied to analyzing thedatasets of minor element concentrations in sediment samples of a core collected from the outershelf of the East China Sea. According to the analysis results, the sediment core Q43 can be dividedinto three strata with different features in minor elements. The first stratum (unit Ⅰ) ischaracterized by higher concentrations of Ⅴ, Cr, Cd and Sc, which are active and inactive elements.The second stratum (unit Ⅱ) is controlled by ultrastable elements Ⅴ, Ti, Cr, Th, Sc, Pb, etc. Thethird stratum (unit Ⅲ) is dominated by Ni, Co, Ba, Rb and Mn, which are authigenic andvolcanogenic elements. The geochemical features of the core Q43 show environmental changes in thedepositional process from the Late Pleistocene to Holocene.

Seismic fine imaging and its significance for natural gas hydrate exploration in the Shenhu Test Area, South China Sea

Shenhu area in South China Sea includes extensive collapse and diapir structures,forming high-angle faults and vertical fracture system,which functions as a fluid migration channel for gas hydrate formation.In order to improve the imaging precision of natural gas hydrate in this area,especially for fault and fracture structures,the present work propose a velocity stitching technique that accelerates effectively the convergence of the shallow seafloor,indicating seafloor horizon interpretation and the initial interval velocity for model building.In the depth domain,pre-stack depth migration and residual curvature are built into the model based on high-precision grid-tomography velocity inversion,after several rounds of tomographic iterations,as the residual velocity field converges gradually.Test results of the Shenhu area show that the imaging precision of the fault zone is obviously improved,the fracture structures appear more clearly,the wave group characteristics significantly change for the better and the signal-to-noise ratio and resolution are improved.These improvements provide the necessary basis for the new reservoir model and field drilling risk tips,help optimize the favorable drilling target,and are crucial for the natural gas resource potential evaluation.

Phytoplankton growth and microzooplankton grazing in the central and northern South China Sea in the spring intermonsoon season of 2017

Phytoplankton growth rates and mortality rates were experimentally examined at 21 stations during the 2017 spring intermonsoon(April to early May)in the northern and central South China Sea(SCS)using the dilution technique,with emphasis on a comparison between the northern and central SCS areas which had different environmental factors.There had been higher temperature but lower nutrients and chlorophyll a concentrations in the central SCS than those in the northern SCS.The mean rates of phytoplankton growth(μ0)and microzooplankton grazing(m)were(0.88±0.33)d–1 and(0.55±0.22)d–1 in the central SCS,and both higher than those in the northern SCS with the values ofμ0((0.81±0.16)d–1)and m((0.30±0.09)d–1),respectively.Phytoplankton growth and microzooplankton grazing rates were significantly coupled in both areas.The microzooplankton grazing impact(m/μ0)on phytoplankton was also higher in the central SCS(0.63±0.12)than that in the northern SCS(0.37±0.06).The microzooplankton abundance was significantly correlated with temperature in the surface.Temperature might more effectively promote the microzooplankton grazing rate than phytoplankton growth rate,which might contribute to higher m and m/μ0 in the central SCS.Compared with temperature,nutrients mainly affected the growth rate of phytoplankton.In the nutrient enrichment treatment,the phytoplankton growth rate(μn)was higher thanμ0 in the central SCS,suggesting phytoplankton growth in the central SCS was nutrient limited.The ratio ofμ0/μn was significantly correlated with nutrients concentrations in the both areas,indicating the limitation of nutrients was related to the concentrations of background nutrients in the study stations.

基于海马优化器的光伏-温差混合系统重构

部分遮蔽(partial shading conditions,PSC)是导致光伏(photovoltaic,PV)–温差(thermoelectricgeneration,TEG)混合系统(PV-TEG)输出功率损耗和组件失配的主要原因之一。为了提升PSC下PV-TEG混合系统的发电效率,提出一种基于海马优化器(sea horse optimizer,SHO)的PV-TEG混合系统重构方法。该方法以PV-TEG混合系统的输出功率为目标函数,利用SHO调整电气开关动作来改变混合系统阵列中PV-TEG组件的位置,以提高系统整体功率输出。为验证SHO的可行性和优越性,在实际PSC条件和标准PSC条件下对4×4阵列、9×9阵列和15×9阵列进行仿真分析,并与粒子群优化算法、遗传算法、人工蜂群算法和蚁群算法进行全面对比(失配损耗、平均输出功率和开关动作数量),证明采用SHO算法可以缓解遮蔽带来的影响,提升系统功率。仿真结果表明,通过SHO重构后的PV-TEG混合系统功率在4×4阵列中提高38.36%,在9×9阵列中提高20.74%,在15×9阵列中提高21.14%。此外,基于RTLAB平台进行硬件在环实验(hardware in the loop,HIL),验证了PSC下SHO应用于PV-TEG混合系统的硬件可行性。

To Tell A “Plausible Story” through Constructing Different Narrative Point of Views in “Wide Sargasso Sea”

"Wide Sargasso Sea"is one of Jean Rhys' novella which appealed enormous research. Although many studies touched on different meanings from its narrative perspective, most of them illustrated from the aspect which mixed narrator and point of view. This study researched this novella from the perspective of point of view suggested by Prof. Shen Dan to decode author's method of telling a"plausible story".

Surgical Removal of Numerous Foreign Bodies from the Foot Caused by Sea Urchin Spines

Injury from sea urchin spines is not rare, especially during summer holidays in the sea side. Failure to remove these spines or inability to remove them completely can lead to long-term squeal of pain and impaired function. Treatment methods include alternative medicine, LASER and surgery. We describe the surgical removal of 102 sea urchin spines from the foot of a 36-year-old man. The wounds healed completely. Although, he initially complained of a mild discomfort on weight bearing, the symptoms disappeared 2 weeks later.

高速铁路无独立合龙段的T构桥主梁施工技术

新建福厦铁路泉州湾跨海大桥为时速达350 km的高速铁路桥,其海上浅滩区部分引桥为15联(50+50)m T形刚构桥。主梁为单箱单室预应力混凝土箱梁,采用挂篮对称双悬臂浇筑施工,T构未设置独立合龙段,而是采用浇筑最后一节边跨直线现浇段的方式直接实现T构梁段合龙。主梁施工过程中,墩顶0号块(A0节段)采用三角托架法现浇施工,三角托架安装后进行预压,然后采用一次浇筑成型工艺浇筑节段混凝土;A1~A12悬臂节段采用全封闭式挂篮悬臂施工;在A13边跨直线现浇段施工时,对落地钢管支架法、边墩三角托架法、墩顶吊架法、挂篮悬臂浇筑法进行综合比选,最终选择挂篮悬臂浇筑法施工。A13边跨直线现浇段施工时,利用挂篮底平台作为其底模系统、挂篮外侧模板作为其外侧模板,采用3拼I14型钢对挂篮底纵梁进行支撑,在墩帽处垫石两侧用?20 mm精轧螺纹钢对挂篮进行对拉,增强了模板稳定性;通过平衡配重的设置及支座约束解除时机的控制,保证了A13节段施工质量。结构受力及线形均满足设计要求。

深中通道泄洪区非通航孔桥110 m跨钢箱梁架设关键技术

深中通道4座泄洪区非通航孔桥为110 m跨连续钢箱梁桥,钢箱梁共计110片,标准梁重1627 t。钢箱梁利用“天一号”运架一体船逐孔吊装,采用托梁辅助的兜吊方式架设,上吊下托。专门设计特制吊具,配2个托梁,以适用于不同梁型。钢箱梁由3家单位制造,其中72片钢箱梁采用横向滚装上船转运,另38片不需要转运;由“天一号”沿垂直支墩的方向驶入取梁;架梁前在墩顶设置临时支点和调节千斤顶;钢箱梁架设时,利用“天一号”先右幅后左幅逐孔吊装,钢箱梁临时支承于墩顶临时支点上,精调完成后落梁于永久支座上,完成体系转换。通过船舶就位时采用精确绞锚定位技术,在起吊、落梁过程中使用整体兜吊工艺,采用三向调节千斤顶等关键技术及控制措施,确保了110 m跨钢箱梁架设的稳定性和准确性。