Synthesis of Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles with Tunable Shape and Size

The structural and morphological properties of mesoporous silica nanoparticles( MSNs) have dramatical influence on their in vivo biological behaviors,and thereby synthesis of MSNs with well-defined shape and size has recently attracted much more attention in the biomedical field. The synthesis of MSNs with controllable size and shape was presented by controlling the reaction temperature and the concentration of templating agent(cetyltrimethylammonium bromide,CTAB). The results indicated that MSNs were larger in particle size and more round in shape with increasing of the reaction temperature,but their particle size and dispersivity became smaller and poorer as CTAB concentration increased. Therefore,the particle size and shape of MSNs can be tuned by using the optimal synthesis conditions for specific biomedical applications.

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-Gd-Y-Zr alloy processed by equal channel angular pressing

Microstructure evolution and texture development and their effects on mechanical properties of a Mg-Gd-Y-Zr alloy during equal channel angular pressing（ECAP） were investigated.It is found that the microstructure is still inhomogeneous after four passes,and two zones,namely the fine grain zone（FGZ） and the coarse grain zone（CGZ） are formed.The grain refinement occurs mainly by particle-stimulated nucleation（PSN） mechanism,which led to a more random texture after four passes of ECAP.In the ECAP-processed alloy,the strength did not increase while the ductility was enhanced dramatically compared with the as-received condition.The change of ductility of this alloy was discussed in terms of texture and second phase particles.

Effect of grain size of primary α phase on bonding interface characteristic and mechanical property of press bonded Ti-6Al-4V alloy

The effect of grain size of primary α phase on the bonding interface characteristic and shear strength of bond was investigated in the press bonding of Ti-6Al-4V alloy. The quantitative results show that the average size of voids increases from 0.8 to 2.6 μm and the bonding ratio decreases from 90.9% to 77.8% with an increase in grain size of primary α phase from 8.2 to 16.4 μm. The shape of voids changes from the tiny round to the irregular strip. The highest shear strength of bond can be obtained in the Ti-6Al-4V alloy with a grain size of 8.2 μm. This is contributed to the higher ability of plastic flow and more short-paths for diffusion in the alloy with smaller grain size of primary α phase, which promote the void closure process and the formation of α/β grains across bonding interface.

Microstructure and tensile properties of ultrafine grained copper processed by equal-channel angular pressing

Equal-channel angular pressing （ECAP） process was applied to a 12 mm ×12 mm ×80 mm billet of pure copper （99.98 wt.%） at room temperature. The shear deformation characteristics, microstructure evolution, and tensile properties were investigated. A combination of high strength （-420 MPa） and high elongation to failure （-25%） was achieved after eight ECAP passes at room temperature. The mixing of ultrafme grains （-0.2 μm） with nanocrystalline grains （-80 nm） resulted in high tensile strength and ductility.

Pore size effects of nanoporous carbons with ultra-high surface area on high-pressure hydrogen storage

In this work, the morphologies and pore structures of a series of corncob-derived activated carbons and zeolite templated carbon with ultrahigh surface area were carefully investigated by SEM, HRTEM and N2-sorption characterization technologies. The high-pressure hydrogen uptake performance was analyzed using standard Pressure-Composition-Temperature apparatus in order to study the pore size effects on hydrogen uptake. These as-obtained porous carbons showed different characteristics of pore size distribution as well as specific surface area. The results indicate that the most effective pores for adsorbing hydrogen depended on the storage pressure. These ultramicropores （0.65-0.85 nm） could be the most effective pores on excess H2 uptake at 1 bar, however, micropores （0.85-2 nm） would play a more important role in excess H2 uptake at higher pressure at 77 K. At room temperature, pore size effects on H2 uptake capacity were very weak. Both specific surface area and total pore volume play more important roles than pore size for H2 uptake at room temperature, which was clearly different from that at 77 K. For applications in future, the corncob-derived activated carbons can be more available than zeolite templated carbons at 77 K. Element doping enhanced hydrogen uptake could be main research direction for improving H2 uptake capacity at room temperature.

Grain size dependence of flow stress in ECAPed Ti with constant texture

The effect of grain size on the flow stress in an ECAPed Ti with a constant texture was investigated,assuming that 2,4,5 and 6 passes microstructures have a similar texture.The average size of recrystallized grains decreased to 0.5 μm,0.4 μm,and 0.3 μm with respect to the ECAP pass number of 2,4,and 6,respectively.The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and yield strength (YS) increase with an increase in the number of pressing.The UTS and YS of the 6 passes ECAPed sample were found to be 740.2 MPa and 580.3 MPa,respectively.An equation for the flow stress of an ECAPed Ti with a constant texture as a function of the strain and grain size was derived for the ECAPed metal.The following equation was finally obtained:σ(ε)=103.9+1825ε-9.6ε1/2·d-1/2+8.3d-1/2.

Effect of Mechanical Treatment Temperature on Electrical Properties and Crystallite Size of PVDF Film

Fabrication of PVDF films has been making using Hot Roll Press. Preparation of samples carried out for nine different temperatures. This condition is carried out to see the effect of temperature fabrication on electrical properties and crystallite size of PVDF films. The electrical properties like as surface resistivity are discussion focus in this paper. Surface resistivity properties of PVDF can be improved by mechanical treatment on the varying film thickness and the temperature. To obtain the diffraction pattern of sample characterization is performed using X-Ray Diffraction. Crystallite size of PVDF films calculate from broadening pattern of X-Ray Diffraction. Furthermore, from the diffraction pattern calculated β fraction and crystallite size, for calculation to determine the crystallite size of the sample by using the Scherrer equation. Has been obtained an increase piezoelectric properties of PVDF films that characterized by increasing β fraction. Have been obtained β fraction increased from 25.4% up to 44% for temperatures of 130°C up to 170°C, respectively. Resistivity value has been obtained at temperature 130°C up to 170°C, decreased from 1.23 × 104 Wm up to 0.21 × 104 Wm respectively. From the experimental results and the calculation of crystallite sizes obtained for the samples with temperature 130°C up to 170°C respectively are increased from 7.2 nm up to 20.54 nm. These results indicate that mechanical treatment caused increase β fraction and decrease surface resistivity. Increasing temperatures will also increase the size of the crystallite of the sample. This happens because with the increasing temperature causes the higher the degree of crystallization of PVDF film sample is formed, so that the crystallite size also increases.

KEY TECHNIQUES IN R&D OF OUT-SIZE EXTRUSION PRESS WITH OIL-DRIVEN DOUBLE ACTION

A modem design method, in which traditional design formulas are conjoined with numerical simulation and optimization, is successfully used to design the out-size extrusion flame precisely so that the press cost can be saved. A new technology used for decompressing by a multi-steps dynamical mode is put forward, which makes it possible to decompress the large flow-volume high-pressure oil in the main cylinders. In addition, a method for realizing the fixed mandrel process by hydraulic support is proposed and its control equation is established. Pre-tightening frame tests are carried out by over-operating pressure on 100 MN aluminium extrusion press with oil-driven double action, which is developed based on the above key techniques and is the largest press so far in the world, and the results show that the frame structure designed is reasonable and reliable, and the modem design method used is an useful tool for designing large and out-size heavy plastic forming machinery. The results of decompressing curve in main cylinder and noise inspection indicate that multi-steps dynamical mode for decompressing the large flow-volume high pressure oil is valid and reliable. Meanwhile, the fixed mandrel process is well realized based on the control equation. These key techniques have been used in the development of 125 MN aluminium extrusion press with oil-driven double action.

FILTER PRESSING BEHAVIOUR OF ALUMINA DISPERSIONS

Studies of pressure-volume curves have shown that the filter pressing behaviours depend on pH values of the alumina dispersion. Densimetry and porosimetry of the filter cakes have revealed that higher density, smaller mode pore size and lower specific volume of total pores can be achieved by controlling electrostabilization. (Author abstract) 9 Refs.

不同尺寸HMX基压装装药的烤燃特性

为了研究装药尺寸对压装装药烤燃特性的影响,针对HMX基压装装药,建立了压装装药烤燃过程的计算模型,利用Fluent软件对不同装药尺寸的烤燃样弹进行了数值模拟,计算了不同升温速率下装药尺寸对压装装药点火位置、响应温度和响应时间的影响规律。结果表明:在同一升温速率下,HMX基压装炸药装药长径比为1.0时,装药中心响应温度均为最高;装药长径比大于1.0时,装药中心点火温度均随长径比的增加而降低;当长径比增大到一定程度时,装药中心的响应温度趋于恒值。装药的点火位置由升温速率和装药尺寸共同决定,且装药端面与曲面的传热量之比与长径比的平方成反比。当升温缓慢或长径比较小时,装药的点火位置位于装药中心;当升温速率较高且长径比较大时,装药的点火位置逐渐远离装药中心。

SiCp粒径级配对55%SiCp/6061Al复合材料组织和性能的影响

采用真空热压法制备了55%SiCp/6061Al(55%为体积分数)复合材料,研究SiCp粒径级配对复合材料SiCp分布均匀度、致密度和抗弯强度的影响.研究结果表明:粒径级配复合材料组织致密、SiCp分布均匀且SiCp与6061Al合金基体界面结合强度高.双粒径(60+25)μm、质量比4∶1复合材料热处理后抗弯强度由395 MPa提高为548 MPa;三粒径级配为(120+60+25)μm、质量比为1∶1∶1的复合材料热处理前抗弯强度最高,为397 MPa;双粒径级配(106+25)μm、质量比4∶1的复合材料致密度>99.0%、均匀度>90.00%、热处理后抗弯强度>400MPa,具有优异的综合性能.

Assembly of peptide nanostructures with controllable sizes

Controlled peptide assembly offers significant promise to develop synthetic supramolecular nanostructures to display material and biological properties that mimic protein assemblies in nature.Despite the progress in forming peptide nanostructures of various morphology,there exists a distinct gap between natural and synthetic assembly systems in terms of size control.Constructing nanostructures with a narrow size distribution that can be tuned over a wide range of length-scales is essential for applications that require precise spacing between objects.This approach provides the opportunity to correlate materials and biological properties of interest with assembly size.In this review,we discuss representative endeavors over the past two decades for design of size-controllable peptide nanostructures using tunable building blocks.Other mechanisms for size control,e.g.,molecular frustration,template-directed peptide assembly,and multi-component peptide co-assembly,will also be discussed.We also demonstrate the applicable scopes of these strategies and suggest potential future avenues for scientific advances in this field.

Grain size refinement of additive manufactured Ce-TZP ceramics by coupled two-step pre-sintering and HIP

Ceria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal(Ce-TZP)has exceptional fracture toughness and flaw tolerance due to facile t‒m phase transformation toughening.However,its wider-range applications are limited by its relatively low strength due to its large grain size and low transformation stress,which results in yield-like failure.Here,we combined additive manufacturing(AM),pressureless two-step sintering,and hot isostatic pressing(HIP),and addressed the challenging grain size refinement problem in Ce-TZPs.We successfully produced dense ultrafine-grained Ce-TZP ceramics with an average grain size below 500 nm,a three-point bending strength above 800 MPa,and a single-edge-notch-beam fracture toughness in the range of 11‒12 MPa·m^(1/2).The critical roles of processing design,mixed Ce valences,and under-vs.over-stabilization of tetragonal polymorphs were noted.Our work offers insights and strategies for the future development of stronger and tougher Ce-TZP ceramics that can compete with tetragonal yttria-stabilized zirconia in various applications,including additive manufacturing.

SiC_(p)/2024铝基复合材料冷压成形致密化特性研究

采用单轴模压法,以50μm、10μm双粒径SiC_(p)和2024铝粉混合粉末为原料,研究在102、204和306 MPa冷压条件下混合粉的冷压致密化行为、机理。采用粉末冶金法制备了SiC_(p)含量为20vol%的SiC_(p)/Al基复合材料,研究了热压烧结成形复合材料的组织和断口特征。结果表明,随着冷压压力的增大,冷压坯和复合材料的致密度均增加,204 MPa之后冷压坯致密度的增幅不明显,306 MPa冷压条件下冷压坯致密度最高达到85.8%,烧结后铝基复合材料的致密度最高达到99.87%。铝基复合材料的双粒径SiC_(p)与Al基体界面呈冶金结合,未出现SiC/Al界面脱粘现象及孔隙产生,复合材料断口中SiC_(p)均发生穿晶断裂,显示出良好的界面结合性能。

基于ANSYS的粉末精整压机主机结构设计与分析

粉末精整液压机的机架刚度和强度直接影响到设备的性能以及制件的精度,本文首先通过理论经验计算对5000 kN粉末精整液压机机架的各组成部分设计结果进行了初步定量分析,其次利用有限元分析软件ANSYS Workbench在施加工况载荷条件下对主机进行仿真,得到主机机身详细的应力、应变分布云图和最大变形情况.实验结果表明液压机主机在承受工况载荷的情况下,刚度和强度能够满足设计要求,仿真结果对粉末精整液压机机架的结构优化设计有一定的指导作用,同时也为工程实践提供定量的分析参考依据.

配碳方式对超细WC粉末性能的影响

为了改善超细WC粉末的性能,尤其是降低其压制压力,本文研究了配碳方式对超细WC粉末性能的影响。结果表明:碳黑类型、配碳器类型、配碳时间和晶粒长大抑制剂碳化铬的添加次序对WC粉末性能有显著影响;碳黑类型影响WC的总碳和氧含量,对粉末的压制压力没有明显影响;配碳器类型对WC总碳和氧含量没有明显影响,与卧式配碳器比较,立式配碳器制备的WC粒度较小,压制压力更大;配碳时间对总碳、氧含量、粒度都没有明显的影响,配碳时间过长会提高压制压力;碳化铬添加次序对总碳没有明显的影响,添加碳化铬会增加WC的氧含量,降低WC粉末的粒度,增加压制压力。

Influence of Grain Size and Texture on the Yield Asymmetry of Mg-3Al-1Zn Alloy

The yield asymmetry between compression and tension of magnesium alloy Mg-3Al-1Zn（AZ31） with different grain sizes and textures has been studied by tensile and compressive testing of as-cast,as-extruded and equal channel angular pressed（ECAPed） specimens.The significant yield asymmetry（the ratio of yield strength between compression and tension σyc/σyt is ～0.44） was found in as-extruded specimens and the corresponding microstructure evolution during deformation revealed that {10 ˉ 12} tensile twinning is the underlying reason for the large yield asymmetry.Strong texture and grain size are influential factors for large yield asymmetry.The separate contributions of grain size and texture on yield asymmetry were investigated.

Reliability of preoperative measurement with standardized templating in Total Knee Arthroplasty

AIM: To investigate the correlation between preoperative measurement in total knee arthroplasty and the prosthetic size implanted. METHODS: A prospective double-blind study of 50 arthroplasties was performed. Firstly, the reliability and correspondence between the size of said measurement and the actual implant utilized was determined. Secondly, the existing correlation between the intra- and interobserver determinations with the intraclass correlation coefficient was analyzed. RESULTS: An overall correspondence of 54%, improving up to 92% when the measured size admitted a difference of one size, was found. Good intra- and interobserver reliability with an intraclass correlation coefficient greater than 0.90(P < 0.001) was also discovered. CONCLUSION: Agreement between the preoperative measurement with standardized acetate templates and the prosthetic size implanted can be considered satisfactory. We thus conclude it is a reproducible technique.

Combined effects of ECAP and subsequent heating parameters on semi-solid microstructure of 7075 aluminum alloy

The combined effects of equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) and subsequent heating to a semi-solid temperature on the microstructural characteristics of the 7075 aluminum alloy were investigated. The microstructure is influenced by several parameters including the number of ECAP passes, ECAP route, consequent heating temperature, and holding time. The effects of these parameters on the microstructural characteristics including grain size and shape factor of the 7075 aluminum alloy were studied using experimental tests and Taguchi method. The results indicate that five-pass ECAP in route BA and subsequent isothermal holding at 630 °C for 15 min are more appropriate for achieving a semi-solid microstructure. The processing route and holding time have the highest impact on the grain size while the number of ECAP passes and heating temperature have the least impact on the grain size. Meanwhile, the shape factor is significantly influenced by the processing route, holding time and heating temperature while it is less influenced by the number of ECAP passes.

Post-synthesis pore expansion of mesoporous silica SBA-15 in the organic template removal via solvothermal treatment

The synthesis of mesoporous material SBA-15 has been extensively reported in the past decades, which possesses a pore diameter of 6-8 nm on average. Here, a simple post-synthesis procedure has been developed to synthesize SBA-15 with further expanded pore diameter to above 10 nm simply by a solvothermal treatment replacing traditional hydrothermal step for mesopore template removal, which results in efficient pore expansion and the significantly promoted condensation of silica framework as well. This facile approach is believed applicable for pore expansions of other kinds of mesoporous silica materials.