Analysis and Investigation on the Core Competitiveness of Textile and Underwear Industry in the Mainland and Taiwan of China and Myanmar under the Global Value Chain

All the way in the “area”, “comprehensive economic partnership agreement” (RCEP), Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) free trade area, the main economic corridor construction under the background of success, the mainland and Taiwan of China and southeast Asia has established the important relations of cooperation, industries are beginning to consider labor costs, raw materials, using the regional to invest policy and market comparative advantage. This paper starts from the investigation of Topline’s core competitiveness in China and Myanmar, and focuses on the analysis of lingerie industry in China and Myanmar, and the analysis of women’s underwear industry from the perspective of global value chain (GVC). Through the data analysis of the questionnaire survey, this paper summarizes the problems existing in the current situation of the industry, uses the intermediary analysis to analyze the correlation between the two variables, reveals the role of the core competitiveness of enterprises, and uses the GVC theory to analyze the problems existing in the industry of enterprises and their causes. According to relevant theories, the optimization path of enterprise value chain is put forward.

“Products-Knowledge” Two-Dimensional Increment Model of Fashion Industry Value Chain Based on Industry Analysis

Fashion industry has a complex characteristic for it spans the first, second, and third industries. In addition, the characteristic of creative industry has high value-added for its knowledge outputting, which makes the traditional value-added analysis based on supply chain not easy and good enough to interpret its industry value-added features. From the perspective of "products-knowledge" two-dimensional analysis,a fashion industry value chain increment model is built,by simulating the process of "product flow" and "information flow" value-added. The fashion industry value chain increment model provides an effective way for the enterprise strategy formulation and production strategy adjustment.

Does the Belt and Road Initiative Promote Value Chain Connection Between China and the Silk Road Countries?

The global value chains have become the core skeleton of the global economy.As a large-scale international cooperation initiative,the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI hereafter)may have a significant impact on the global economic landscape.In this context,the spatiotemporal pattern and evolution of the value chain connection of the Silk Road countries and whether the BRI will promote the value chain connections between China and these countries are important research questions for understanding the changing global economic landscape.This paper employs input-output analysis,network analysis and difference-in-differences based on Propensity Score Matching(PSM-DID)to conduct an in-depth quantitative study of these questions.The results show that,first,the overall value chain connection between China and the Silk Road countries has been rising since 2001.From the perspective of geographical distribution,Southeast Asia is the highest value chain connection region with China,and the growth in the central and eastern Europe is the most significant,whereas the central Asia is the lowest value connection region.From the perspective of complex network analysis,China’s position in the network of value flow among the Silk Road countries has been increasing continuously,and it has been in the lead position since 2008.Besides,the implementation of the BRI has had a significant positive influence on the overall value chain connection between China and the Silk Road countries,but this positive influence is limited to the central and eastern Europe region,whereas it is not significant in other regions.Finally,this paper suggests that to promote the development of value chain connection,the Silk Road countries need to develop more specific policies related to value chains.Policymakers need to be able to correctly identify the comparative advantages of the region and the types of value chains that are compatible with them and then find suitable partners and formulate targeted promotion policies.

An Audit of Constraints and Opportunities in Kenya＇s Livestock Export Value Chain

For a long time Kenya has desired to access lucrative export markets for her livestock products. Although this desire matches the growing global demand for livestock products and increasing interest in livestock products from Kenya by livestock deficient countries, Kenya has not been able to meet the expressed demand. The reasons for this failure have not been sufficiently documented. This study used the value chain approach to assess and document the factors that limit Kenya＇s export trade in livestock. Questionnaire interviews were undertaken with livestock producers, traders, processors and importers. Producers cited livestock diseases, poor roads, drought, livestock theft and insecurity as the main constraints to livestock supply. Livestock traders mentioned high cost and delays in obtaining movement permits, rent-seeking and disturbance by government officials along the stock routes as some of the constraints. Processors on the other hand mentioned Kenya＇s failure to meet the international sanitary requirements. The only importer interviewed indicated that trade restrictions, Kenya＇s inability to control livestock diseases and distance were the main constraints to increased livestock trade with Kenya. Stakeholders in Kenya＇s livestock export value chain should address these and other constraints in order to revitalize this vital sector.

Are the Methods of the Net Present Value Rate and Net Annual Value Rate the Effective Scheme Comparison Methods

As for the dispute about the best-choosing method of mutually-exclusive scheme and index selection, this text proves that there is an error to make a point that using net present value rate or net annual value rate, the most scientific and effective method is chain-system differential analysis and the most short-cutting method is the method of net annual value, to select the NA V maximum scheme.

The patterns and risks for disease spreading of cattle movement in China

In order to reduce the risks for the spread of disease in cattle movements, we investigated China’s cattle breeding and movement pattern, analyzed risk factors of disease infection caused by long-distance movement, explored the relevant risk management measures and conjectured the direction of cattle movement based on the regional distribution of cattle inventory and beef price. We also constructed a market value chain in live cattle movements and qualitatively analyzed the risks for unapparent infection in the process of movement. Meanwhile, we put forward a long-term policy of reducing the risks for unapparent infection and animal health supervision measures.

Small ruminant value chain in Al-Ruwaished District,Jordan

This study aims to assess the small ruminant value chain in Al-Ruwaished District,Jordan,to identify the potential intervention areas that could improve the production efficiency and guarantee the sustainability of the small ruminant sector in this area.Sheep breeding is the source of livelihood for most of the people in Al-Ruwaished District,which is characterized by the large number of sheep and goats.We surveyed 5.0% of the small ruminant holders in the study area and conducted individual interviews and surveys with the potential actors in the value chain to undertake a small ruminant value chain analysis.From the survey,we found that the small ruminant value chain consists of five core functions,namely,input supply,production management,marketing,processing,and consumption.Despite the stable impression given by the large number of holdings in the small ruminant sector,the surveyed results show a clear fragility in the value chain of small ruminants in this area.The small ruminant production system is negatively impacted by climate change,especially continuous drought.In addition,the high prices of feed that the farmer cannot afford with clear and real absence of the governmental and non-governmental support activities also impact the development of the value chain.The results of strengths,weaknesses,opportunities,and threats(SWOT)analysis reveal that the major constraints faced by this value chain could be divided into external and internal threats.Specifically,the most prominent external threats are the nature of the desert land and continuous drought,while the major internal threats are the absence of appropriate infrastructure,shortage of inputs,and weakness in the production management and marketing.We proposed solutions to these challenges to ensure the sustainability and effectiveness of the sector,such as the formulation of emergency response plans to severe weather,qualifying farmers’skills,and establishment of agricultural cooperative societies.

Revisiting the driving force underlying Chinese PM_(2.5)emissions:From the two perspectives of GVC and IDA

The depth and breadth of participation in the global value chain(GVC)significantly impacts a country's fine particulate contamination(PM_(2.5))emissions.First,based on the GVC accounting framework,the sources of PM_(2.5) emissions in China between 1990 and 2015 are identified and investigated considering production-side,consumption-side,and export-implied pollution.Then,index decomposition analysis(IDA)of emissions is conducted to further investigate the changes in and causes of air pollution in China.Throughout the analytical process,differences between the PM_(2.5) emissions in two time periods-one of rapid economic growth and another of the“new normal”economy-are compared.The results demonstrate that:China is embedded in high pollution links of GVCs;China transfers pollution to third-parties by importing intermediate products from resource-intensive countries in the global production system;extensive economic growth caused an increase in China's total PM_(2.5) emissions,but cleaner production technology can reduce the emissions intensity.Industrial restructuring under the“new normal”has increased China's short-term PM_(2.5) emissions intensity.These results suggest that China should optimize and upgrade its domestic economic structure and transform its export growth mode to deliver high added value and low pollution.Further,it should prioritize cooperation between the upstream and downstream value chain and accelerate the upgrading of its consumption structure in this new era.

Local Poultry Value Chian Analysis in Somaliland

Poultry production has important economic, social and cultural benefits and plays a significant role in family nutrition in developing countries. In most tropical countries it is based mainly on scavenging production systems, which makes substantial contributions to household food security throughout the developing world. All over the developing world, these low-input and low-output poultry-husbandry systems are an integral component of the livelihoods of most rural, peri-urban, and some urban households and are likely to continue to meet this role for the foreseeable future. Although the contributions of chicken farming to household food security and income as well as its potential contribution to the income of rural communities are known, chicken production is practiced very little in Somaliland. Therefore, the purpose of this project was to carry out a baseline study on the potential of chicken production (eggs and meats) in Somaliland and its existing chain gaps in order to identify whether chicken production could be a successful income source for women and boost female economic activity in the project areas of Saaxil, MaroodiJeex and Togdheer. The result from this assessment showed that rural chicken production was a women-related activity that helped them to be the sole decision-makers and also users of the benefits regarding chicken and chicken products. The main purposes for keeping chicken were egg production for income generating, home consumption and meat provision. The major constraints for rural poultry keeping were the lack of extension and veterinary services, predators, poor housing, poor breeds, and lack of financial services among others. Women in all the selected villages made remarkable contributions to the local chicken production system. The result of the assessments showed that indigenous poultry value chain consisted of producers, collectors/retaileres, shops and consumers/restaurents. However, the absence of processors along the chain means that chickens are sold live and consequently cannot be retailed through formal channels like supermarkets leading to the exclusion of potential customers in the middle and high income categories who normally shop from supermarkets. Furthermore, as population and incomes grow, demand for indigenous chicken is likely to continue growing, especially among the high income groups who not only prefer it for its taste but also for health reasons due to its low fat content. Finally, although the value chain for indigenous chickens shows potential growth for all the players along the chain, there is a need to address the various constraints affecting the value chain for indigenous chickens in order to improve the operation of the chain hence leading to increased incomes for the value chain actors and at the same time ensuring cheap delivery of indigenous chicken in a more convenient form and in formal outlets.

Trade Friction,Upgrading Path and Development of Chinese Textile and Apparel Industry

China is the largest producer and exporter in textiles in the world now, but most Chinese textile and apparel enterprises operate in the low stream of global value chain- processing and assembling. A combination of domestic supply side constrains of high wages and external pressures of appreciation of RMB and trade friction make it difficult for Chinese textile and apparel industry to maintain the low-wage manufacturing. The paper analyzes by stakeholder map for trade friction. It may be more effective that China deals with the trade issues based on the analysis of different stakeholders. The political agreement is only a temporary resolution; the more important way is try to upgrade the operations in developed regions. According to industrial organization theory and global value chain theory, it is suggested product development and marketing are upgrading paths for Chinese enterprises.

Innovation systems and global value chains:A Co-citation analysis of established linkages and possible future trends

This study draws a historical picture of conceptual linkages of innovation systems(IS)and global value chains(GVC).We used a co-citation technique to map the evolution of these two fields since 1990.We highlighted the connecting nodes over the past three decades.The first decade witnessed a connection between national innovation systems(NIS)and GVC,mediated by regional studies related to industrial clusters and district-based innovation.The tradeoff between tacit sticky local and codified transferable global knowledge and innovation and learning's importance in upgrading in GVC generated two new routes in the second decade.In the last decade,although these routes are retained,their mediating nodes have changed with the literature on technology and sustainable transition from IS and the path dependency role in the evolution of districts in global production networks.Recent trends indicate that evolutionary views on economic geography and catch-up may open new opportunities to link the two,and some lessons highlight the need for more structured interactions in the future.

Socio-Economic Impact of Fruit Flies Control in Mango Production in Ghana, Evidence from “Manya Krobo”

Mango in Ghana is targeted as the next non-traditional export crop that is expected to fetch the highest foreign exchange for the country than cocoa. However, production and export constraints caused by fruit fly Bactrocera invadens has placed serious limitation on its marketing to the extent of imposing bans on imports from Ghana. Notwithstanding efforts rolled out to control the flies, they are still prevalent in the system. This paper presents the cost benefit assessments of using ＂Biotechnology and Nuclear Agriculture Research Institute （BNARI） protein bait＂ to control fruit fly Bactrocera invadens relative to other control measures in the Eastern region of South Ghana. Scientists from the BNARI of the Ghana Atomic Energy Commission developed a research programme against this foe. Cost benefit assessment revealed that chemical control reduce losses from 60% to 40% at the beginning of the growing season and can reach up to 60% for late maturing varieties at a cost of US$915.2 per acre per year. However, with the BNARI trap, losses are reduced from 60% to 5% at the beginning of the growing season and can reach up to 10% for later maturing varieties at a cost of US$688 per acre per year. Using BNARI protein baits to control fruit fly also provide growers with benefits such as improved quality and shelf life for fruit because it is not subject to chemical treatments. The casual loop diagram （CLD） revealed that fly control with BNARI trap is friendly to beneficial insects during pollination and has no harmful impact on health compared to the traditional approaches.

金融科技赋能下供应链金融对企业价值的影响

发展供应链金融对于深化金融供给侧结构性改革,增强金融服务实体经济具有不容忽视的重要战略意义.本文通过对2007年-2019年中国A股上市公司全部320.8万篇公告的文本数据信息进行收集整理,实证检验了上市公司发展供应链金融业务对企业价值的影响.研究结果表明:发展供应链金融在短期可以促进企业股价的上涨,在长期可以促进企业价值的提升,并且上市公司采用的供应链金融业务越多,公告中提到供应链金融词汇越频繁,这种提升效果越显著.发展供应链金融业务可以通过信号传递效应、风险承担效应、系统管理效应促进企业价值提高.在供应链金融相关公告中提到金融科技词汇的词频越高,上市公司获得的企业价值提升效果越强.金融科技可以为股票流动性较低、风险承担较弱的企业发展供应链金融业务起到更强的赋能效果.在进行一系列稳健性检验之后,上述结论依然成立.本文不仅为中国公司发展供应链金融业务提高企业价值,提供了基于公开市场数据大样本的实证证据,也对国家和地方政府支持供应链金融的发展具有现实启示。

我国中小企业全球价值链嵌入分析——基于RCEP成员国的比较分析

RCEP协定对中小企业作用于区域经济发展的意义给予充分肯定,并就完善成员国中小企业市场准入、加强中小企业全球价值链参与进行合作。本文从中小企业全球价值链嵌入率、中小企业全球价值链嵌入行业分布及中小企业全球价值链嵌入模式和地位等角度对中国与RCEP各成员国中小企业全球价值链(GVC)嵌入现状进行比较分析。研究发现:融资约束及自主创新、新技术使用方面的不足导致我国中小企业全球价值链嵌入率较低;政府对中小企业的政策支持差异导致我国与发达成员国中小企业全球价值链嵌入存在国家之间、行业之间的差距;全球价值链重构背景下我国中小企业全球价值链嵌入行业和方式造成中小企业不仅面临价值链攀升的难题,也面临被排除在全球价值链之外的局面。为此,我国中小企业应注重自身学习能力、创新能力、数字化能力等GVC参与能力建设,在更高水平对外开放背景下及政府相关政策措施和完善的服务体系支持下,抓住RCEP协定带来的机遇,积极完善全球价值链参与,在分享RCEP协定红利的同时促进区域内经济发展。

全球技术贸易对制造业价值链升级的影响研究

本文深入分析全球技术贸易网络特征,探讨其对制造业价值链地位的影响。研究发现,全球技术贸易网络日益紧密,呈现“小中心-大世界”特征以及单一到多极化发展态势。技术赶超对象通过提高在技术贸易网络中的参与度促进制造业价值链地位攀升,技术贸易联系强度对制造业价值链地位的影响呈现倒U形关系。技术贸易网络中的“桥梁作用”和技术贸易联系强度均能对技术领先对象制造业全球价值链地位产生影响。就中国而言,技术贸易对我国制造业全球价值链地位攀升具有促进作用,但边际效应不断递减,单纯依靠技术引进嵌入技术贸易网络方式已不能适应制造业高质量发展需求。应坚持自主创新与技术引进“双轮驱动”战略,优化技术贸易结构,创新合作方式,拓展数字技术贸易等新兴领域,加快提升我国在“一带一路”沿线国家和地区技术供给能力。

数字经济发展对中国制造业升级转型的影响研究

利用数字经济发展带来的机遇来促进我国制造业转型升级,并促使其在全球价值链中移动到中高端位置,是实现我国经济高质量发展的必经之路.基于此,通过研究数字经济发展对我国制造业转型升级的影响,采用2013—2022年我国31个省份的面板数据,分析数字经济发展对我国制造业的影响.研究结果表明:数字经济发展能够通过完善数字基础设施建设来直接推动中国制造业转型升级,即在价值链上向研发设计和销售服务两端转移;数字经济发展通过人力资本积累来间接推动中国制造业转型升级,即在价值链上聚集更多的高素质人才来发展中国制造业.

资源与能力视角下农业企业数字化转型研究——基于110家农业企业数字化转型的经验分析

农业企业数字化是推动农业现代化、实现乡村振兴的重要助力。本文从资源与能力视角出发,采用定性分析方法对110家数字化转型农业企业进行分析,探究农业企业数字化转型模式以及内部要素配置路径。研究结果显示:农业企业数字化转型是内部资源与能力联动匹配的结果,存在财务资源-均衡能力驱动型、创新资源驱动-能力辅助型两种模式;增值价值链、辅助价值链数字化转型对企业内部资源和能力的联动依赖各有侧重;研发、生产、销售、财务以及行政管理环节的数字化转型对资源和能力的联动条件要求差异较大,财务资源、创新资源以及风险能力发挥了更为普遍的驱动作用。研究结论丰富了农业企业数字化转型的前因视角,为农业企业数字化转型提供经验参考。

中国省际增加值贸易隐含碳空间转移及影响机制研究

增加值贸易隐含碳核算及影响机制分析,是厘定地区碳排放责任和制定碳减排政策的关键。基于增加值贸易视角,采用中国内地31省份投入产出表和省域能源消耗直接碳排放数据,利用多区域投入产出模型对省际增加值贸易隐含碳流通路径进行解构,实证测度省际流出和流入贸易隐含碳与净碳转移量,揭示省域贸易隐含碳构成、行业结构及转移方向;采用结构分解方法探究了省际贸易隐含碳变动的影响机制问题。结果显示:(1)中国省域“双侧”增加值碳排放规模整体波动增长,省内排放增量突出,而省际贸易隐含碳增速显著。(2)省内排放是省域“双侧”增加值碳排放的主体构成,省际增加值贸易隐含碳集中于中间产品和最终需求直接跨省贸易,且集中于其他服务业、农业、建筑业、批发零售和住宿餐饮服务业、食品饮料和烟草制造业等。(3)省际增加值流出和流入贸易隐含碳分别集中于中西部重点能源及重化工省份和中东部经济体量较大省份,且前者对后者存在净碳调入;省际净碳转移重点源自建筑业、其他服务业、农业等的中间产品和最终需求非对称跨区流动。(4)碳强度和省际产业关联效应对省际增加值贸易隐含碳变动具有抑制作用,而增加值系数、最终需求规模和结构效应的作用方向反之,且碳强度和最终需求规模效应的作用贡献较突出。该研究对完善省域碳排放核算方法、明确地区碳排放责任、制定地区差异化碳减排政策和梯度有序碳达峰目标等具有一定政策启示。

绿色研发促进“中国制造”全球价值链跃迁了吗?——来自出口质量视角多元协整分析的新证据

全球价值链绿色化、低碳化发展趋势下,如何破局“中国制造”长期“嵌入”而非“主导”全球价值链中高端环节是我国贸易高质量发展面临的现实问题。文章以出口质量为切入点,基于WIOD发布的世界投入产出数据与中国制造业面板数据,借助多元协整分析、ECM模型及Granger因果检验方法,实证分析绿色研发对“中国制造”全球价值链跃迁的影响及作用机制。研究发现:绿色研发短期内不利于“中国制造”全球价值链跃迁,而在长期中绿色研发与“中国制造”全球价值链跃迁存在长期稳定的协整关系;出口产品质量是绿色研发促进“中国制造”全球价值链跃迁的重要传导机制,相比于低强度研发投入制造行业,绿色研发对高强度研发行业的全球价值链跃迁产生了更显著的促进作用;进一步借助非线性门槛协整模型发现,绿色研发与“中国制造”全球价值链跃迁呈U型关系,仅有绿色研发强度突破“门槛值”才有利于激发“中国制造”全球价值链跃迁,且在不同门槛区间内二者关系从“短期波动”向“长期均衡”调整的速度和方向存在显著差异。据此,应稳步提升绿色研发投入水平、完善相关研发政策并以“质量为先”为突破口实现“中国制造”全球价值链跃迁。

全球产业链下中国化工产业的参与特征分析——基于产业间关联与产业内贸易的视角

本文基于产业间关联与产业内贸易视角,使用投入产出法和产业内贸易分析法,研究全球产业链下中国化工产业的参与特征。本文使用熵值法构建中国化工产业全球产业链水平的测度体系;计算直接消耗系数和直接分配系数,研究我国化工产业与其上下游境外产业的关联程度;计算产业内贸易指数分析中国化工产业内贸易水平。本文基于2001—2018年数据,实证研究产业间关联与产业内贸易对中国化工产业全球产业链水平的影响,结果表明,产业关联程度与产业内贸易水平对其有正向影响。