Inter-stage performance and energy characteristics analysis of electric submersible pump based on entropy production theory

The electric submersible pump(ESP) is a crucial apparatus utilized for lifting in the oil extraction process.Its lifting capacity is enhanced by the multi-stage tandem structure, but variations in energy characteristics and internal flow across stages are also introduced. In this study, the inter-stage variability of energy characteristics in ESP hydraulic systems is investigated through entropy production(EP) analysis,which incorporates numerical simulations and experimental validation. The EP theory facilitates the quantification of energy loss in each computational subdomain at all ESP stages, establishing a correlation between microscopic flow structure and energy dissipation within the system. Furthermore, the underlying causes of inter-stage variability in ESP hydraulic systems are examined, and the advantages and disadvantages of applying the EP theory in this context are evaluated. Consistent energy characteristics within the ESP, aligned with the distribution of internal flow structure, are provided by the EP theory, as demonstrated by our results. The EP theory also enables the quantitative analysis of internal flow losses and complements existing performance analysis methods to map the internal flow structure to hydraulic losses. Nonetheless, an inconsistency between the energy characterization based on EP theory and the traditional efficiency index when reflecting inter-stage differences is identified. This inconsistency arises from the exclusive focus of the EP theory on flow losses within the flow field, disregarding the quantification of external energy input to the flow field. This study provides a reference for the optimization of EP theory in rotating machinery while deeply investigating the energy dissipation characteristics of multistage hydraulic system, which has certain theoretical and practical significance.

Game Theory Model and Equilibrium Analysis of Peasant's Production Decision

Unbalanced agricultural production decision becomes the great block that influences the effective distribution of social resources, national grain security, social stability and economic development. This paper took the game theory as an analyzed tool to describe the interactional processes among the peasants, and set up the game theory model of independent decision and joint decision by peasants. It was shown that the government＇s positive guide and the market environment macroscopically controlled by the government could effectively increased the peasants＇ income

Joint Optimization of Imperfect Preventive Maintenance and Production Scheduling for Single Machine Based on Game Theory Method

In this study,an optimization model of a single machine system integrating imperfect preventive maintenance planning and production scheduling based on game theory is proposed.The costs of the production department and the maintenance department are minimized,respectively.Two kinds of three-stage dynamic game models and a backward induction method are proposed to determine the preventive maintenance(PM)threshold.A lemma is presented to obtain the exact solution.A comprehensive numerical study is provided to illustrate the proposed maintenance model.The effectiveness is also validated by comparison with other two existed optimization models.

Research on the Problem of Art Production Theory Since the New Period

The issue of art production is an important topic discussed in China’s academia. The article first discusses thetheoretical issues of early art production in China, mainly taking Mr. Dong Xuewen’s views as an example. Second,scholars have their own views on the discussion of the unbalanced development of art production and materialproduction in the 1970s and 1980s. Third, this article uses the art production theory to construct the contemporaryliterary art form, and raises the art production theory to the essentialism to discuss the art production theory and thereflection theory. Fourth, the relationship between art production and art consumption is in large-scalecomprehensive systematic research.

The Logical Premise and Methodological Basis of Marx’s Machine Production Theory

Marx’s production paradigm constitutes the logical premise of his construction of machine production theory.Therefore,the machine production theory elaborated by Marx has a unique research method and theoretical perspective,which is fundamentally different from other non-Marxist technical theories,which is also the basic starting point for understanding and explaining Marx’s machine production theory.By defining the logical premise of Marx’s machine production theory as production paradigm,we can not only reinterpret this theory based on the original context,but also examine the latest interaction between contemporary capitalism and technological reality on the basis of this interpretation.Only from the production paradigm can we truly grasp the complete connotation of“machine production”in Marx’s mature criticism of political economy.

1T′‐MoTe_(2) monolayer:A promising two‐dimensional catalyst for the electrochemical production of hydrogen peroxide

The direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))via a two‐electron oxygen reduction reaction(2e‐ORR)in acidic media has emerged as a green process for the production of this valuable chemical.However,such an approach employs expensive noble‐metal‐based electrocatalysts,which severely undermines its feasibility when implemented on an industrial scale.Herein,based on density functional theory computations and microkinetic modeling,we demonstrate that a novel two‐dimensional(2D)material,namely a 1T′‐MoTe_(2)monolayer,can serve as an efficient non‐precious electrocatalyst to facilitate the 2e‐ORR.The 1T′‐MoTe_(2)monolayer is a stable 2D crystal that can be easily produced through exfoliation techniques.The surface‐exposed Te sites of the 1T′‐MoTe_(2)monolayer exhibit a favorable OOH*binding energy of 4.24 eV,resulting in a rather high basal plane activity toward the 2e‐ORR.Importantly,kinetic computations indicate that the 1T'‐MoTe_(2)monolayer preferentially promotes the formation of H_(2)O_(2)over the competing four‐electron ORR step.These desirable characteristics render 1T′‐MoTe_(2)a promising candidate for catalyzing the electrochemical reduction of O_(2)to H_(2)O_(2).

Exploration of Earth-Abundant Transition Metals(Fe,Co,Ni)Doped on W_(18)O_(49)System as Electrocatalysts for Urea Productiont

The conversion of inert N_(2)and CO_(2)into urea by electrocatalytic technology not only reduces the cost of urea synthesis in future,but also alleviatesthe environmental pollution problem caused by carbon emission in traditional industrial production.However,facing downside factors such as strong competitive reactions and unclear reaction mechanism,the design of high-performance urea catalysts is imminent.This study demonstrates that W_(18)O_(49)system doped heteronuclear metals(TM=Fe,Co,Ni)can effectively solve the problem of competitive adsorption between N_(2)and CO_(2)and realize the co-adsorption of N_(2)and CO_(2)at diverse sites.Their theoretical limiting voltages for urea production on TM-W_(18)O_(49)(TM=Fe,Co,Ni)systems are-0.46 V,-0.42 V and-0.52 V,respectively.The results are all lower than that of the contrastive voltage in pristine W_(18)O_(49)system(-0.91 V),further indicating the rationality and necessity of single-atom doped strategy for the co-reduction of two molecules.Specially,Co-W_(18)O_(49)can theoretically inhibit the side reactions of NRR,CO_(2)RR,and HER,which deserve future experimental exploration in future.The study suggests that doping heteronuclear metal into transition metal oxides is a feasible scheme to solve competitive adsorption and improve catalytic performance.

Heritage Communities in Consumer Contexts Spatial Production of Tourism Research-Take Qixian Zhao Yu Historical City as an Example

Taking Zhaoyu Historical City in Qixian County as an example,this paper explores the production process of tourism space in Zhaoyu Historical City in the context of consumption,based on Lefebvre's triadic dialectic theory.The study reveals that,driven by the development of tourism,subjects such as the government and planners possess absolute dominance over spatial representations,while residents demonstrate receptive and adaptive action strategies and social relations are reproduced,presenting a harmonious state.Further exploring the tourism community in the environmental performance of the subject of action,social relations,consumption demand,daily life practice,cultural capital,etc.,the daily life practice of the tourism community has transcended the original logic of tourism spatial production and has a certain extension.The mechanism analysis in this paper can help guide the healthy development of tourism space in the neighboring historical cities or communities and achieve the dual purpose of promoting the economic development of the community and heritage protection.

Theory and application research development of semi-solid forming in China

In order to adapt to the trend of ＂energy saving and emission reduction＂ and impel the practical application of semi solid processing （SSP） in China, the progress and application of semi-solid theory in China have been reviewed briefly and systematically. It was emphasized on basic theories, such as formation of globular grains, theology, high pressure solidification and plastic deformation and applications, such as material design, preparation of semi-solid billets （slurries）, thixoforming and application status, which are based on the advantage of semi-solid processing. The results show that the gap of SSP between world level and China exists, especially in application technologies, including market recognition, application fields exploiting, developing of billets （slurries） preparation technologies with low cost and special equipments. The prospect of semi-solid forming development path in China is presented. And we hope that application of SSP has great new breakthrough and development and China wilt be changed from a large metal processing country to a powerful metal processing country.

Design Theory and Method of Complex Products:A Review

Design is a high-level and complex thinking activity of human beings,using existing knowledge and technology to solve problems and create new things.With the rise and development of intelligent manufacturing,design has increasingly reflected its importance in the product life cycle.Firstly,the concept and connotation of complex product design is expounded systematically,and the different types of design are discussed.The four schools of design theory are introduced,including universal design,axiomatic design,TRIZ and general design.Then the research status of complex product design is analyzed,such as innovative design,digital design,modular design,reliability optimization design,etc.Finally,three key scientific issues worthy of research in the future are indicated,and five research trends of“newer,better,smarter,faster,and greener”are summarized,aiming to provide references for the equipment design and manufacturing industry.

Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products Supply-Chain Finance Based on D-S Theory

Agricultural products supply-chain finance, as one of the solutions to the issue of “capital problems” of agriculture, countryside and farmers, has proposed a kind of characteristics model to assess the risk of agricultural production, processing and marketing, which can improve the issue of farmers and enterprises lacking of funds. This model is proposed on the basis of uncertain information processing method of D-S theory and its data combination rules, combined with the “discount rate” correction model, and it includes a risk assessment index system of agricultural products supply-chain finance, fully considering the five aspects of production, processing, marketing, cooperation of supply chain and collateral. At last, a taro supply chain is taken for example. And the risk assessment of its supply-chain finance based on this model has been discussed in detail. And the result has proved that the model and its algorithm are practical and feasible.

Empirical Study on Customer Satisfaction Influencing Factors of Industry Application Products Based on Experiential Level Theory

The rapid development of industry application products has greatly influenced society. It has become essential for some telecommunication companies to focus on customer satisfaction with industrial products used by the government and enterprise customers. Following the review of a previous study of customer satisfaction and with the help of experiential level theory,this article attempts to establish a Satisfaction Factors Model for researching customer satisfaction with industry applications. We chose a product named "Mobile Monitor" and investigated the emotional satisfaction of 127 users and company leaders from different walks of life,and showed that 7 of the product's features affected the customers' overall emotional satisfaction. Lastly,this paper points out management implications of this application based on quantitative results. It presents a preliminary exploration program for customer satisfaction research in this specific field. The empirical research on a specific product based on experimental level theory may serve as a reference for other companies that desire to carry out similar surveys in future.

Detecting a Regularity in the Generation and Utilization of Primes in the Multiplicative Number Theory

If Goldbach’s conjecture is true, then for each prime number p there is at least one pair of primes symmetric with respect to p and whose sum is 2p. In the multiplicative number theory, covering the positive integers with primes, during the prime factorization, may be viewed as being the outcome of a parallel system which functions properly if and only if Euler’s formula of the product of the reciprocals of the primes is true. An exact formula for the number of primes less than or equal to an arbitrary bound is given. This formula may be implemented using Wolfram’s computer package Mathematica.

Consumers'Purchase Intention of Geographical Indication Agricultural Products under the Background of Live-streaming Sales:An Exploratory Research Based on Grounded Theory

Exploring the mechanism for the formation of consumer purchase intentions of geographical indication agricultural products in the context of live-streaming sales can provide an important reference for brand marketing of geographical indication agricultural products.In this study,in-depth interviews were conducted with consumers of geographical indication agricultural products.Based on grounded theory,open coding,axial coding and selective coding were performed for interview text.Finally,21 concepts,7 subcategories and 3 main categories were obtained,and a model of the formation mechanism of the purchase intention of geographical indication agricultural products under the background of live-streaming sales was constructed,that is,"consumer cognition-consumer attitude-consumer behavior".Among them,consumer cognition includes two dimensions:the type of geographical indication agricultural products and the live-streaming appeal strategy,i.e.,the personal cognition of consumer and the promotion of live-streaming host's strategy.Consumer attitude is value perception of consumers,mainly including two dimensions of functional value and emotional value.Consumer behavior is the consumer's willingness to buy.It has been concluded that the types of geographical indication agricultural products interact with the live-streaming appeal strategies.Through the intermediary of consumers'value perception,consumers'purchase intention is generated.Among them,resource-oriented geographical indication agricultural products adopt rational live-streaming appeal strategies,which can enhance the consumer's perception of functional value,thereby promoting their purchase intention;and cultural and creative geographical indication agricultural products brands adopt perceptual live-streaming appeal strategies,which can enhance the emotional value perception of consumers,thereby promoting their purchase intention.

“Extreme utilization”development theory of unconventional natural gas

In the process of unconventional natural gas development practice,the"extreme utilization"concept that focuses on"continuously breaking through the limit of development technology"is gradually formed,and supports the scale benefit exploration of unconventional gas in China.On this basis,the development theory of"extreme utilization"is proposed,its theoretical connotation together with development technologies of unconventional natural gas are clarified.The theoretical connotation is that,aiming at"extreme gas reservoirs","extreme techniques"are utilized to build subsurface connected bodies,expand the discharge area,and enlarge the production range,to obtain the maximum single-well production,extreme recovery,and eventually achieve the"extreme effect"of production.The series of development technologies include micro/nano-scale reservoir evaluation,"sweet spot"prediction,unconventional percolation theory and production capacity evaluation,optimization of grid well pattern,optimal-fast drilling and volume fracturing,and working regulation optimization and"integrated"organizing system.The"extreme utilization"development theory has been successfully applied in the development of unconventional gas reservoirs such as Sulige tight gas,South Sichuan shale gas,and Qinshui coalbed methane.Such practices demonstrate that,the"extreme utilization"development theory has effectively promoted the development of unconventional gas industry in China,and can provide theoretical guidance for effective development of other potential unconventional and difficult-to-recovery resources.

The Applicaton of IAF Theory to the Study of Dissociation Equilibrium (Ⅱ) --The Calculation of Solubility Product Constant in Nonaqueous Solvents

This article reports a theoretical calculation of solubility product constant of several slightly soluble silver salts in a number of nonaqueous solvents according to the IAF (interaction force) theory based on the interaction free energy of electrostatic, orientation, induction and dispersion. The calculated values of pKsp are in good accordance with those from literature.

A Study on C-E Translation of Product Introductory Texts on Company Websites Under Skopos Theory

This paper takes the C-E translation of product introductory texts on official websites of three mobile phone makers as the study object under the Skopos theory, with an aim to identify and analyze the distinctive translation features of such special type of text. The exhausted parse and analysis bring out the findings that there exists a significant translation difference between the Chinese and English-version product introductory texts on official websites. It is found that Chinese introductory texts are more inclined to rely on exquisite words and redundant expressions to describe products’ features and functions, while switching to the corresponding English version, simple vocabularies and compact sentence structure are more frequent. Hereafter, this paper raises two practical guidelines to instruct translation activities in business contexts.

Research on the reliability of the electromechanical products based on the fuzzy theory

Mechanical and electrical products are more and more widely used in all the fields of the society. With the increase in the degree of automation and miniaturization, the structure of many mechanical and electrical products is becoming more and more complex, and the conditions of the use are also increasingly harsh, and therefore more and more product reliability issues are arising, and the reliability technology is being paid more and more attention to. In this paper, aiming at the mechanical and electtical products, from the three aspects of reliability management, reliability design and analysis, and reliability test and evaluation, the reliability research is preliminary studied.

Motoyosi Sugita—A “Widely Unknown” Japanese Thermodynamicist Who Explored the 4th Law of Thermodynamics for Creation of the Theory of Life

The purpose of this paper is to introduce to you, the Western people, nowadays a “widely unknown” Japanese thermodynamicist by the name of Motoyosi Sugita and his study on the thermodynamics of transient phenomena and his theory of life. This is because although he was one of the top theoretical physicists in Japan before, during and after WWII and after WWII he promoted the establishment of the biophysical society of Japan as one of the founding members, he himself and his studies themselves have seemed to be totally forgotten nowadays in spite that his study was absolutely important for the study of life. Therefore, in this paper I would like to present what kind of person he was and what he studied in physics as a review on the physics work of Motoyosi Sugita for the first time. I will follow his past studies to introduce his ideas in theoretical physics as well as in biophysics as follows: He proposed the bright ideas such as the quasi-static change in the broad sense, the virtual heat, and the field of chemical potential etc. in order to establish his own theory of thermodynamics of transient phenomena, as the generalization of the Onsager-Prigogine’s theory of the irreversible processes. By the concept of the field of chemical potential that acquired the nonlinear transport, he was seemingly successful to exceed and go beyond the scope of Onsager and Prigogine. Once he established his thermodynamics, he explored the existence of the 4th law of thermodynamics for the foundation of theory of life. He applied it to broad categories of transient phenomena including life and life being such as the theory of metabolism. He regarded the 4th law of thermodynamics as the maximum principle in transient phenomena. He tried to prove it all life long. Since I have recently found that his maximum principle can be included in more general maximum principle, which was known as the Pontryagin’s maximum principle in the theory of optimal control, I would like to explain such theories produced by Motoyosi Sugita as detailed as possible. And also I have put short history of Motoyosi Sugita’s personal life in order for you to know him well. I hope that this article helps you to know this wonderful man and understand what he did in the past, which was totally forgotten in the world and even in Japan.