The Practice and Thinking of the Students'Exchange Program Under the Background of Internationalization

Based on the background of internationalization of higher education, the article analyzed the forms, size, significance and problems of the international students'exchange launched in Dali University of Yunnan Province; and then provided the sustainable developing strategies for the program.

Work in Cooperation for A New Chapter in the Cause of International Human Rights——Speech by Yang Jiechi,Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China at the Inaugural Session of the United Nations Human Rights Council

Mr Chairman, I would like to start by congratulating you, on behalf of the Chinese Govern- ment, on your assumption of the Chair of the inaugural session of the Human Rights Council. I have every confidence that under your able leadership this session will be successful.

Unleashing the Power of Information Theory: Enhancing Accuracy in Modeling Physical Phenomena

When building a model of a physical phenomenon or process, scientists face an inevitable compromise between the simplicity of the model (qualitative-quantitative set of variables) and its accuracy. For hundreds of years, the visual simplicity of a law testified to the genius and depth of the physical thinking of the scientist who proposed it. Currently, the desire for a deeper physical understanding of the surrounding world and newly discovered physical phenomena motivates researchers to increase the number of variables considered in a model. This direction leads to an increased probability of choosing an inaccurate or even erroneous model. This study describes a method for estimating the limit of measurement accuracy, taking into account the stage of model building in terms of storage, transmission, processing and use of information by the observer. This limit, due to the finite amount of information stored in the model, allows you to select the optimal number of variables for the best reproduction of the observed object and calculate the exact values of the threshold discrepancy between the model and the phenomenon under study in measurement theory. We consider two examples: measurement of the speed of sound and measurement of physical constants.

The 2 ℃ Global Temperature Target and the Evolution of the Long-TermGoal of Addressing Climate Change-From the United Nations FrameworkConvention on Climate Change to the Paris Agreement

The Paris Agreement proposed to keep the increase in global average temperature to well below 2 ℃ abovepre-industrial levels and to pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5 ℃ above pre-industriallevels. It was thus the first international treaty to endow the 2 ℃ global temperature target with legal effect.The qualitative expression of the ultimate objective in Article 2 of the United Nations Framework Conventionon Climate Change （UNFCCC） has now evolved into the numerical temperature rise target in Article 2 of theParis Agreement. Starting with the Second Assessment Report （SAR） of the Intergovernmental Panel on Cli-mate Change （IPCC）, an important task for subsequent assessments has been to provide scientific informa-tion to help determine the quantified long-term goal for UNFCCC negotiation. However, due to involvementin the value judgment within the scope of non-scientific assessment, the IPCC has never scientifically af-firmed the unacceptable extent of global temperature rise. The setting of the long-term goal for addressingclimate change has been a long process, and the 2 ℃ global temperature target is the political consensuson the basis of scientific assessment. This article analyzes the evolution of the long-term global goal foraddressing climate change and its impact on scientific assessment, negotiation processes, and global low-carbon development, from aspects of the origin of the target, the series of assessments carried out by the 1PCCfocusing on Article 2 of the UNFCCC, and the promotion of the global temperature goal at the political level.

The Trend of U.S.-China Relations: Is a Conflict Between the United States and China Inevitable?

International relations theory can serve as a guide to understanding national behaviour,especially those that are strained by ideological misunderstandings.Realism basically believes that state behaviour reflects the state’s pursuit of power.Constructivism believes that thought drives behaviour.Therefore,in order to better understand the behaviour between states,this essay suggests that constructivism and realism can interact rather than repel each other,because constructivism can play a complementary role in realism.This combination can promote behavioural understanding between countries without compromising the interests of countries,thereby reducing the possibility of conflict and war.Finally,the ups and downs of Sino-US relations reflect the participation of ideology.In other words,based on this method to analyse the current relationship between China and the United States,it can be predicted that the two countries can basically avoid the war between them.

The Study-to-work Transition of Chinese International Students: Navigating a Future in the Global Labour Market

In the global competition for talents,the massive inflow of Chinese students into the UK has drawn great attention.However,only a few studies examine students’interactions with socioeconomic structures in their study-to-work transition.This study used Higher Education Statistics AgencyHESA,22data and interview data collected from Chinese postgraduate students,and it aims to:investigate structural factors that influence post-study migration patterns of Chinese students;and explore how Chinese students interact with wider social structures.This study found that different configurations between students"goals,""actions,"and"reflexivity"would lead to different employment outcomes.Three different study-to-work transition strategies were identified:"proceeding without a fixed plan";"reaching a compromise";and"knowing goals and approaching goals".Findings suggest that the transition between study and work is more complex than what is described in human capital and push-pull approaches.A better understanding of students’decision-making processes would help higher education institutions in preparing graduates for careers in the global labour market.

UNITED INTERNATIONAL CENTRAL CITY: A NEW SPATIAL ORGANIZATION MODEL IN TUMEN RIVER ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT ZONE

This paper puts forward a new conceptual idea on constructing an international central city in the Tumen River Economy Development Zone (TREDZ) on the basis of analysis of the superiorities and problems in developing city, and from the view point of present social, economic and natural conditions in this area and the background of Northeast Asia. The united international central city is the best distribution model not only in its polycentric spatial structure but also in organizing form. Its feasibility and practicability are thoroughly proved from various aspects including urban planning principles, comparison of port cities, special characteristics of cooperation in TREDZ, and natural, social, cultural factors etc.

The new geometry of climate governance

Scholars and practitioners have focused in recent years on the potential for achieving cooperation in small "clubs" of countries. While solutions to global climate change will eventually require widespread cooperation, club strategies could help to catalyze that outcome. Unlike the Paris Agreement, which has achieved widespread but relatively shallow cooperation, it could be easier to tailor agreements that allow deep cooperation within smaller groups. This essay extends that logic to clubs whose geometry varies two-dimensionally across countries but also along a third dimension: within countries. Most of the key elements of international relations and international law theory that explain how clubs achieve cooperation are directly applicable to three-dimensional clubs. Most of the relevant experience for these clubs has occurred in the west; overdue is a close assessment of how key units-such as provinces and firms-within China and other emerging economies.

High Accuracy When Measuring Physical Constants: From the Perspective of the Information-Theoretic Approach

The practical value of high-precision models of the studied physical phenomena and technological processes is a decisive factor in science and technology. Currently, numerous methods and criteria for optimizing models have been proposed. However, the classification of measurement uncertainties due to the number of variables taken into account and their qualitative choice is still not given sufficient attention. The goal is to develop a new criterion suitable for any groups of experimental data obtained as a result of applying various measurement methods. Using the “information-theoretic method”, we propose two procedures for analyzing experimental results using a quantitative indicator to calculate the relative uncertainty of the measurement model, which, in turn, determines the legitimacy of the declared value of a physical constant. The presented procedure is used to analyze the results of measurements of the Boltzmann constant, Planck constant, Hubble constant and gravitational constant.

Major historical events affecting the accounting profession： An overview

The accounting result from science and technology innovation and the development of productivity, with management modes and financial reforms as its opportunity and the operation of international capital, as well as economic integration helping improve it. An invention, a president, the occurrence of an organization, a historical lesson may directly or indirectly change accounting regulations, and even trigger an accounting revolution. We will put a variety of significant impacts on an accounting, so as to get a fundamental understanding of the close relationship between such events and accounting events, including innovation of accounting theory, and accounting practice; we adopted the ＂table-style＂ form of papers, with many self-evident and intuitive tables, we compile a series of major historical events reasonably. Only in accordance with evolution of objective environment, can we design proper accounting practice, and thus innovate and develop accounting.

Quantifying and Simplifying the 1997 UNWC’s Guidelines to Mitigate Hegemony in Transboundary Watercourse Negotiations

The 1997 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Non-navigational Uses of International Watercourses (UNWC) contains a negotiation framework for transboundary water rights. However, it is a subjective document open to a wide range of possibilities and interpretations. Water Rights Allocations (WRAs) as described by Dinar and Nigatu (2013) and Dinar and Tsur (2017) provide a limited number of quantifiable allocation possibilities based on the UNWC. It is suggested that this methodology streamlines the negotiation process and reduces the effects of hydro hegemony. These methodologies are explored and applied through a case study on the Orontes River Basin.

新国际单位制对电磁计量体系的影响

从2019年5月起,以4个基本物理常数为基础的新国际单位制正式实施,全面实现了用基本物理常数定义基本单位、基本单位的量子化以及量子基准取代实物基准,开启了计量单位独立复现、不再依赖于国际计量局的全新局面。论述了新SI体系下电学计量体系相比于1990电学计量体系的变化,探讨了国际单位制变革所引发的电磁测量活动。

United Nations International Conference on Space-based Technologies for Disaster Management Held in Beijing

The United Nations International Conference on Space-based Technologies for Disaster Management, "Risk Assessment in the Context of Global Climate Change", was held in Beijing during November 7-9, 2012. The conference was co-organized by the United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs (UNOOSA) and the Ministry of Civil affairs (MCA) of the People's Republic of China, in collaboration with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of PRC, China National Space Administration (CNSA),

我国体育高端智库建设的国际定位、现实困囿及推进策略

采用文献资料法、实地访谈法、对比分析法对我国体育高端智库的国际化定位、现实困囿与推进策略展开研究。研究表明,随着全球体育治理与体育事务国际化进程的加速推进,我国体育高端智库建设存在国际视野意识不强、国际战略研究程度不深、中国特色品牌尚未形成、成果国际传播不畅、国际议题设置实力较弱、智库人才的国际化培养不足等现实困囿。中国作为负责任大国应结合新时代体育全球化发展进程的现实需要,增强国际视野意识,深化国际战略研究程度,着力打造中国特色品牌,提高成果的国际传播能力,提升国际议题设置能力,加大体育智库国际化人才培养,为在国际上建设具有中国特色的体育高端智库提供理论和实践的战略支撑。

过程性评价在内科护理学理论授课中的应用

探讨过程性评价在内科护理学理论授课中的应用效果。实践证明,过程性评价能提高学生自主学习能力、教学满意度及评判性思维能力。

社交媒体时代全球智库国际传播力研究:基于87家智库Twitter账户的社交网络分析

[目的/意义]智库在舆论引导、政治外交等方面发挥着重大作用,是国际传播力建设中不可或缺的一部分。开展智库国际传播力研究有利于提升智库综合实力及整个国家的国际传播力。[方法/过程]本文选取《全球智库报告2020》世界顶级智库榜单中智库的Twitter账户作为研究对象。首先,使用Python爬虫、NodelXL获取智库关注、互动数据。其次,运用社交网络分析法分析智库Twitter传播特点和各智库网络属性。再次,借助熵权TOPSIS法对其传播能力、传播效力进行综合评价。最后,通过线性回归探究二者关系。[结果/结论]第一,全球顶尖智库在Twitter中形成了紧密的社会关系网络,但智库间的直接信息交流占比低。第二,Twitter中智库交流较为开放,但同一国家、地区、机构的智库更易形成小团体。第三,对各智库传播能力、传播效果进行了综合评价,得到相应排名,其中美国、德国智库传播力评价结果突出。第四,传播能力对传播效力有一定正向影响,对传播范围正向影响更为显著。最后本文结合研究结论为我国智库提升国际传播力提出了3点建议。

基于互联网+的护理实习生中医临床思维训练

目的探讨基于“互联网+”,在护理实习生中医临床思维训练中应用“护理助手”平台的效果。方法将2021年10月—2022年5月在福州某三级甲等中医院实习的130名本、专科护理实习生按在读学历分为专科组、本科组,各组再应用随机数字表法分为研究组、对照组。研究组基于互联网+,应用护理助手平台+传统案例教学进行中医护理临床思维培训。对照组仅采用传统案例教学法开展中医护理临床思维培训。结果培训6个月和8个月后,研究组临床思维能力评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。培训3个月、6个月、8个月后,研究组考核成绩均明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论基于互联网+,应用护理助手平台对护理实习生进行中医临床思维训练,可有效提高其中医临床思维能力及考核成绩。

CBL、PBL联合SP及EBM教学法在消化内科实践教学中的应用

目的探讨案例教学法(case-based learning,CBL)、以问题为基础的教学法(problem-based learning,PBL)联合标准化病人(standardized patients,SP)及循证医学(evidence-based medicine,EBM)教学法在消化内科实践教学中的应用效果。方法选取2022年9月—2023年6月42名杭州师范大学附属医院消化内科见习生为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为试验组和对照组,每组21名。对照组采用CBL教学法,试验组采用CBL、PBL联合SP及EBM教学法。比较2组学生的批判性思维能力评分及对教学效果的评价。结果试验组学生开放思想、批判思维的自信心及总分分别为(40.95±3.60)分、(42.35±2.66)分、(287.35±15.12)分,高于对照组的(38.59±3.46)分、(38.56±4.36)分、(274.28±13.97)分(P<0.05)。问卷调查的教学效果评价方面,试验组在对教学方法的满意度、主动学习积极性及兴趣水平、师生交流和课堂气氛活跃程度、希望今后使用该教学方法的人数占比上均优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论与CBL相比,CBL、PBL联合SP及EBM教学法能更好地提升医学生的批判性思维能力,更大程度激发学生自主学习的兴趣和更好地培养其发现和解决临床问题的能力,值得在医学教育教学中不断探索和应用。

美国对自决原则的立场演变分析

自决原则兴起于两次世界大战期间,是二战后确立的国际规则体系的主要内容之一,但在冷战特别是后冷战时期面临着日益严峻的冲击和挑战。本文以两次世界大战期间、二战结束初期、非殖民化及冷战时期、后冷战时期等国际秩序发生重大变动的四个时期为基础,结合自决原则兴起、制度化、扩散和重塑等不同阶段,分析美国在霸权的不同时期对待自决原则的立场和行动差异。在自决理念的兴起阶段,虽然美国与苏联都是该理念的重要倡导者,但是威尔逊与列宁所倡导的自决理念存在重大的差异,包括自决理论的政治和意识形态起源的不同,以及对实施自决的态度差异。这决定了两次世界大战期间美国对自决原则支持的限度,也加速了美国在价值和利益层面与世界非殖民化进程的背离。自决原则在二战后的制度化及扩散阶段,美国与苏联及广大新独立国家围绕自决原则的内涵及适用性展开了激烈争论,美国公开反对新独立国家保障经济、社会和文化发展权利,以及实现经济自决的诉求。美国对自决原则最直接的挑战体现在它对该原则的修正主义立场和行动,一是将自决意识形态化和工具化,二是以“人权高于主权”对自决原则进行重塑。与美国鼓吹“以规则为基础的国际秩序”而将自身塑造为国际规则的创建者和领导者的形象不同,美国并非自决原则的唯一倡导者,而是规范争论者;既非自决原则的一贯遵守者,而是修正主义者。美国对自决原则的结果性逻辑决定了它的立场和行动。

中国特色新型智库的国际传播能力建设探析——以浙江师范大学非洲研究院为例

[目的/意义]世界百年未有之大变局加速演进,迫切需要发挥中国特色新型智库在公共外交和文化互鉴中的重要作用,助力讲好中国故事,积极引导国际舆论,提升我国的国际形象,增强我国的国际影响力、感召力和塑造力。[方法/过程]中国特色新型智库是我国国家软实力的重要载体,在传播中国好声音、展现中国好形象等方面责无旁贷。本文以浙江师范大学非洲研究院作为研究对象,通过梳理该院对非话语创新与战略传播的探索实践,分析总结其加强和改进国际传播能力建设的路径与策略。[结果/结论]本文从建构话语体系、传播平台、人才队伍、传播路径等四方面,就新时期中国特色新型智库如何加强我国国际传播效能、改进国际舆论引导、提升国际话语权提出建议。