Diversity of depositional architecture and sandbody distribution of sublacustrine fans during forced regression: A case study of Paleogene Middle Sha 3 Member in Dongying Sag, Bohai Bay Basin, East China

Currently, the differences in gravity flow deposits within different systems tracts in continental lacustrine basins are not clear. Taking the middle submember of the third member of Paleogene Shahejie Formation(Sha 3 Member) in the Shishen 100 area of the Dongying Sag in the Bohai Bay Basin as an example, the depositional architecture of sublacustrine fans during forced regression and the impact of the fourth-order base-level changes on their growth were investigated using cores, well logs and 3D seismic data. Sublacustrine fans were mainly caused by hyperpycnal flow during the fourth-order base-level rise, while the proportion of slump-induced sublacustrine fans gradually increased during the late fourth-order base-level fall. From rising to falling of the fourth-order base-level, the extension distance of channels inside hyperpycnal-fed sublacustrine fans reduced progressively, resulting in the transformation in their morphology from a significantly channelized fan to a skirt-like fan. Furthermore, the depositional architecture of distributary channel complexes in sublacustrine fans changed from vertical aggradation to lateral migration, and the lateral size of individual channel steadily decreased. The lobe complex's architectural patterns evolved from compensational stacking of lateral migration to aggradational stacking, and the lateral size of individual lobe steadily grew. This study deepens the understanding of depositional features of gravity flow in high-frequency sequence stratigraphy and provides a geological foundation for the fine development of sublacustrine fan reservoirs.

Formation mechanism of carbonates in the lacustrine muddy shale and it implication for shale oil and gas: A case study of source rocks in Member 4 and Member 3 of Shahejie Formation, Dongying sag

Through analysis of microscopic characteristics,mineral components,elements and isotopes,the genetic mechanism of carbonates in the deep lacustrine source rocks in the upper submember of Member 4 and lower submember of Member 3 of Shahejie Formation in Dongying sag,is well investigated.The results show that four types of carbonates in the deep lake,i.e.,lenticular coarse crystalline carbonate,lamellar micro-fine crystalline carbonate,lamellar cryptocrystalline carbonate and massive cryptocrystalline carbonate.Of which,the lenticular coarse crystalline carbonate is formed by diagenetic recrystallization.For the lamellar micro-fine crystalline carbonate and the lamellar cryptocrystalline carbonate,through the alga photosynthesis,the carbon dioxide(CO_(2))is constantly extracted from water,thus the concentration of CO_(3)^(-2) ion in water increases,and then the CO_(3)^(-2) ion reacts with Ca2+ ion in lake water surface to form the carbonates;the saline water environment is favorable for preservation of carbonate particles which mostly occur in lamellar micro-fine crystalline;in the brackish water environment,the water is deep,and the carbonate crystalline beneath the carbonate compensation depth surface is usually is dissolved,and most of lamellar cryptocrystalline are preserved.The massive cryptocrystalline carbonate is formed by the sedimentary carbonate which transport from shallow water to deep water by gravity flow.To some extent,the carbonates control reservoir property and compressibility of muddy shale in the upper submember of Member 4 and lower submember of Member 3 of Shahejie Formation in Dongying sag,and provide important information for reconstruction of sedimentary environment of the ancient lake.

Syndepositional Fault Controlling on Depositional Filling of the Third Member of Shahejie Formation in Beitang Sag

In the continental lake basin whose structures were extraordinarily active, tectonism is an important factor in controlling the sequence and the depositional filling of the basin. This article reports the assemble patterns of syndepositional fault in the third member of Shahejie （沙河街） Formation in Beitang （北塘） sag. The results show that the comb-shape fracture system and the fracture transformation zone were developed in Beitang sag. These assemble patterns obviously controlled the sand-body and spatial distribution of sedimentary system. However, the steep slope belt of fault terrace, the multistage slope belt and the low uplift gentle slope belt controlled the development of sequence styles. Analyses of the spatial-temporal relationship of the assemble pattern of syndepositional faults and the sedimentary system help predict the favorable exploration zone.

The coupling of dynamics and permeability in the hydrocarbon accumulation period controls the oil-bearing potential of low permeability reservoirs:a case study of the low permeability turbidite reservoirs in the middle part of the third member of Shahejie

The relationships between permeability and dynamics in hydrocarbon accumulation determine oil- bearing potential （the potential oil charge） of low perme- ability reservoirs. The evolution of porosity and permeability of low permeability turbidite reservoirs of the middle part of the third member of the Shahejie Formation in the Dongying Sag has been investigated by detailed core descriptions, thin section analyses, fluid inclusion analyses, carbon and oxygen isotope analyses, mercury injection, porosity and permeability testing, and basin modeling. The cutoff values for the permeability of the reservoirs in the accumulation period were calculated after detailing the accumulation dynamics and reservoir pore structures, then the distribution pattern of the oil-bearing potential of reservoirs controlled by the matching relationship between dynamics and permeability during the accumulation period were summarized. On the basis of the observed diagenetic features and with regard to the paragenetic sequences, the reservoirs can be subdivided into four types of diagenetic facies. The reservoirs experienced two periods of hydro- carbon accumulation. In the early accumulation period, the reservoirs except for diagenetic facies A had middle to high permeability ranging from 10 × 10-3 gm2 to 4207 × 10-3 lain2. In the later accumulation period, the reservoirs except for diagenetic facies C had low permeability ranging from 0.015 × 10-3 gm2 to 62× 10-3 -3m2. In the early accumulation period, the fluid pressure increased by the hydrocarbon generation was 1.4-11.3 MPa with an average value of 5.1 MPa, and a surplus pressure of 1.8-12.6 MPa with an average value of 6.3 MPa. In the later accumulation period, the fluid pressure increased by the hydrocarbon generation process was 0.7-12.7 MPa with an average value of 5.36 MPa and a surplus pressure of 1.3-16.2 MPa with an average value of 6.5 MPa. Even though different types of reservoirs exist, all can form hydrocarbon accumulations in the early accumulation per- iod. Such types of reservoirs can form hydrocarbon accumulation with high accumulation dynamics; however, reservoirs with diagenetic facies A and diagenetic facies B do not develop accumulation conditions with low accumu- lation dynamics in the late accumulation period for very low permeability. At more than 3000 m burial depth, a larger proportion of turbidite reservoirs are oil charged due to the proximity to the source rock, Also at these depths, lenticular sand bodies can accumulate hydrocarbons. At shallower depths, only the reservoirs with oil-source fault development can accumulate hydrocarbons. For flat surfaces, hydrocarbons have always been accumulated in the reservoirs around the oil-source faults and areas near the center of subsags with high accumulation dynamics.

Hydrocarbon Reservoir Model of Glutenite in the Fourth Member of Shahejie Formation in Northern Dongying Depression

The glutenite in the fourth member of Shahejie Formation(Es^4) in northern Dongying depression straightforwardly penetrated into the muddy bathyal -abyss facies.The conditions of reservoir is very superior:(1) the high quality thick bedded oil source rock is developed very well in the Lijin sag and Minfeng sag of the study area,and it has the higher capability of generating hydrocarbon;(2) the

Depositional Environment of Es_4~u and Es_3~l Shales Based on Biomarkers from the Boxing Sag of Dongying Depression, East China

The Boxing Sag is located in the southwest of Dongying Depression, southern Bohai Bay Basin of East China. It is one of the main petroliferous sags in the Dongying Depression, and has two major source rocks, namely the upper 4th Member （Es4u） and lower 3rd Member （Es31） shales of Eocene Shahejie Formation, which are the new exploration targets in recent years. In this study, 16 core samples were collected from Es4u and Es31 shales in the Boxing Sag, and the saturate hydrocarbons were analyzed by gas chromatography （GC） and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS）, respectively. The results show that Es4u shale has obvious phytane and gammacerane predominance, higher concentration of tricyclic terpanes and regular steranes, and very low concentration of 4- methly steranes; Es31 shale has pristane predominance, lower concentration of tricyclic terpanes, gammacerane and regular steranes, and higher concentration of 4-methly steranes. The Es4u shale can be further divided into two types based on the distribution of n-alkanes in gas chromatograms： normal distribution and double peak pattern. The biomarker characteristics and sedimentary facies distribution show that Es4u shale was deposited in the saline-hypersaline semi-deep （Type A Es4u shale, sag center） to shallow （Type B Es4u shale, sag edge） lacustrine environments, Es31 shale was deposited in the freshwater-brackish semi-deep-deep lacustrine environments, and the former sedimentary facies maps of Es4u and Es31 in the Boxing Sag are further modified.

Space-Time Evolution and Controlling Factor of Fine-Grained Sediments in the Upper Fourth Member of Shahejie Formation, Dongying Depression

Fine-grained rocks（FGR） are the important source rocks and reservoirs of shale hydrocarbon which is the prospect hotspot at present. Widely distributed fine-grained sediments（FGS） of the upper fourth member of Shahejie Formation in Dongying depression are taken as an example to study the space-time evolution and controlling factor of FGS in this paper. Based on the analysis of well cores, thin sections, inorganic and organic geochemistry indicators, FGR are divided into 7 types of lithofacies. Through the study of ‘point-line-plane＇, this study shows that FGS has the characteristics of rhythum, diversity and succession. The first stage is characterized by clayey FGS（massive claystone）. The second stage is characterized by carbonate FGS（low-TOC laminated limestone） and dolomitic FGS（dolomitic-silty shale） formed by transgression. The third stage is characterized by organic-rich carbonate FGS（middle/high-TOC laminated limestone） distributed in cycle. The fourth stage is characterized by FGS mixed carbonate and siliciclastic sediments（calcareous-silty shale）. A variety of space-time evolution of FGS are controlled by multiple factors including tectonism, climate and lake conditions.

沾化凹陷孤北洼陷东三段沉积体系类型及差异分布

沾化凹陷孤北洼陷东营组油气资源十分丰富,但沉积类型及其分布制约了油气勘探方向和精细勘探。文中综合孤北洼陷钻测井、岩心和三维地震资料,详细研究了东营组东三段沉积类型及其时空分布特征。结果表明:1)孤北洼陷东三段(Ed3)发育近岸水下扇、辫状河三角洲、滑塌浊积扇、滨浅湖和半深湖—深湖沉积。2)东三段沉积类型时空分布差异性特征明显。西缘陡坡带发育近源砂砾岩与暗色泥岩组合的近岸水下扇;南侧和东侧缓坡带发育辫状河三角洲;洼陷内发育湖相泥岩,断裂带附近多为滑塌浊积扇。3)沉积相带影响了储层质量。距源区越远,结构成熟度越高,则有利储层越发育;滑塌浊积扇相带储层质量优于辫状河三角洲相带,近岸水下扇相带相对较差。

东濮凹陷北部古近系沙三段超压岩性油气藏成藏机理

东濮凹陷深部储层致密,超压广泛发育,油气生运聚过程复杂。利用测井、录井、钻井及地球化学分析等资料,对东濮凹陷北部古近系沙三段超压的形成机制、超压对源岩与储层的影响以及油气运移动力进行了系统研究,并阐明深层超压岩性油气藏的成藏机理。研究结果表明:(1)东濮凹陷北部古近系沙三段超压岩性油气藏类型主要包括砂岩上倾尖灭油气藏、砂岩透镜体油气藏、裂缝油气藏3种纯岩性油气藏和岩性-构造油气藏、构造-岩性油气藏2种复合油气藏。岩性油气藏主要分布于东濮凹陷北部地区,尤其在前梨园洼陷、海通集洼陷、柳屯洼陷及濮城—卫城洼陷周边,具有“环洼有序分布”的特征。(2)研究区厚层膏盐岩发育及生烃过程产生的深层超压对烃源岩的生烃具有抑制作用,有效扩大了生油窗,增强了深部源岩的生烃能力,促进了其对环洼岩性油气藏的大规模近源供烃;膏盐岩发育、早期快速埋藏、超压的抗压实作用和晚期发育的溶蚀作用控制了优质储层的分布;深部广泛发育的超压和浮力协同作用为深层油气运移提供了有效动力。(3)研究区东部洼陷带为“单洼单源、早混相晚气相、自生自储、超压驱动运聚”成藏模式;东部陡坡带为“单洼多源、早混相晚气相、超压-浮力驱动侧向运聚”成藏模式;西部斜坡带为“单洼多源、油相、超压-浮力驱动侧向运聚”成藏模式;西部洼陷带为“单洼单源、油相、超压-浮力驱动侧向运聚”成藏模式。

断块油藏注采耦合提高采收率机理及矿场实践

针对渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷东营凹陷古近系断块油藏水驱开发后期流线固定导致注入水无效循环的问题,基于渗流力学和油藏工程原理,通过室内物模模拟和油藏数值模拟,提出了“细分开发层系、轮注轮采”的注采耦合开发调整技术,并验证了该技术可提高采收率的原理。研究结果表明:(1)利用注采耦合开发技术建立的“注入期间的高渗通道与低渗通道吸水量比模型”和“采油期间主流线和非主流线产油量比模型”均揭示了“改变压力场促进渗流场调整,实现均匀注入和均匀采出,扩大水驱波及系数和增加驱油效率”的注采耦合渗流力学机制。(2)注采耦合技术可以实现“扩大波及系数、增加驱油效率”,起到类似“调剖”的作用,高含水期通过此项技术可将低渗透岩心的分流率由1.0%提到18.6%,模型驱替更均衡;经过2个轮次的注采耦合调整,高、低渗透岩心的原油采收率分别提高了10.3%和16.1%。(3)研究区D断块古近系沙河街组沙二段Es236含油小层油藏注采耦合开发数值模拟结果显示,主流线和非主流线驱替更均匀,两者压力梯度极差由2.3下降至1.4。经过3个轮次注采耦合开发调整,沙二段3—6砂层组油藏平均综合含水率下降了3.2%,累计增油1 760 t,提高原油采收率2.1%,增油降水效果显著。

歧口凹陷沙一下亚段页岩油井增产措施地质影响因素分析

歧口凹陷沙一下亚段混合质页岩层系发育,孔隙结构主要为微孔-介孔,其中以灰质混合页岩孔隙结构最为发育,含油性以重质稠油为主。经过措施改造后,油井普遍达到工业油流,但尚未明确影响产能的地质因素,对此需要在该区开展相关研究,指导类似油井措施改造增产。根据岩石物性、岩石岩性,以及裂缝发育程度、地层压力和断裂规模、构造形态和曲率、电性参数等数据,总结出“自然产能井”“酸化有效果井”“压裂有效果井”“酸压有效果井”所对应的地质特征,以此来指导措施改造方式的选取。研究结果表明:(1)该区孔隙度低于15%、渗透率低于0.41 mD的页岩层系需经措施改造提产;(2)“自然产能井”以邻近断裂、裂缝较为发育的灰质混合页岩、长英质页岩为主,D值(井到断裂距离与垂直断距比值)普遍小于1,断裂影响较为明显,且构造曲率较大;(3)“酸化有效果井”以灰质混合页岩、云质混合页岩为主,总体上灰质含量较高,D值2.8~7.9,断裂对地层改造程度较弱,构造曲率中等,电性参数ΔGR普遍大于20 API;(4)“压裂有效果井”的D值为1.2~5.2时,以裂缝发育较差的云质混合页岩、长英质页岩为主,D值大于16时,断裂的影响极其微弱,以不发育裂缝的灰质混合页岩为主,“压裂有效果井”对应的构造曲率较小,电性参数ΔGR普遍小于20 API。基于不同产能井的地质因素影响分析,归纳提出“自然产能井”“酸化有效果井”“压裂有效果井”“酸压有效果井”适用的地质环境,指导该区新完钻井采取相应增产措施,改造后达到了工业油流产出标准,有效地提高了油气产量,对油田页岩层系提产具有积极的作用。

渤东凹陷新生代伸展-走滑叠合断裂时空差异演化模式及控藏效应

以三维地震精细解释为基础,通过构造剖面恢复,系统分析了渤东凹陷新生代伸展-走滑叠合断裂的时空差异演化特征及控藏作用。研究结果表明:(1)渤东凹陷新生代广泛发育以NNE向为主干、NE向为派生、NW向为叠加的伸展-走滑叠合断裂体系,可划分为强伸展-弱走滑断裂和强走滑-弱伸展断裂2类;整体具有深浅分层、南北分段的特征,纵向上,古近系主要发育强伸展-弱走滑断裂,断裂大而稀,新近系—第四系主要发育强走滑-弱伸展断裂,断裂小而密;平面上,同一断裂在不同段的构造组合样式存在差异。(2)研究区新生代伸展-走滑叠合断裂的演化主要表现为北部断裂活动强度“早强晚弱”,中部断裂继承性持续发育,南部断裂活动强度“早弱晚强”;演化模式分为初始断陷(孔店组—沙四段沉积期)、强烈断陷(沙三段—东营组沉积期)和走滑坳陷(馆陶组—平原组沉积期)3个阶段,初始断陷阶段,NNE—NE向强伸展与弱走滑叠合,NE向强伸展-弱走滑断裂为主控,NW向先存断裂活化,分割凹陷;强烈断陷阶段,NNE—NE向强伸展与弱走滑叠合,NNE向强伸展-弱走滑断裂变为主控,NW向断裂活动减弱或停止;走滑坳陷阶段,NNE向强走滑与弱伸展叠合,断裂不控制沉积,但对地层展布具有调整作用。(3)研究区伸展-走滑叠合断裂的发育演化与油气成藏密切相关,整体具有“早期伸展控源、晚期走滑控运、多期叠加控圈”的特征,东部斜坡带是油气运聚的有利区。

渤南洼陷罗家地区沙四下亚段储层特征

渤南洼陷罗家地区沙四下亚段具有良好的勘探前景,已有多口钻井获得高产工业油流,但目前对该区沙四下亚段储层特征的研究较为薄弱,制约了勘探开发的进程。为了明确渤南洼陷罗家地区沙四下亚段储层发育特征,以罗家地区沙四下亚段砂岩储层为研究对象,结合岩心、铸体薄片、物性以及高压压汞等资料,对储层岩石学特征、物性及孔隙结构进行研究。结果表明:沙四下亚段储层岩性以岩屑长石砂岩、长石岩屑砂岩为主,储集空间类型以粒间孔为主,粒内溶孔少量发育;沙四下亚段储层孔渗变化大,中高孔、中高渗占优,孔隙结构总体较好;根据物性数据、孔隙类型、高压压汞的曲线形态以及各项参数将沙四下亚段储层的孔隙结构由好到差划分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ三种类型,研究区以Ⅱ类为主、Ⅰ类次之。

陆相断陷咸化湖盆细粒沉积地层有机质富集特征及控制因素分析——以东营凹陷沙河街组第四段上亚段纯上次亚段为例

【目的】湖相细粒沉积泥页岩储层“甜点段”的发育与有机质富集密切相关,但目前针对断陷咸化湖盆泥页岩有机质富集控制因素的探究及富集模式的建立等相关研究较少。【方法】东营凹陷沙河街组第四段上亚段纯上次亚段(Es4scs)时期发育典型的陆相断陷咸化湖盆,为深化对研究该区细粒沉积地层有机质富集规律的认识。从沉积学、地球化学、古生物学及分子地层学等方面入手,利用薄片鉴定、X射线衍射、氩离子抛光—扫描电镜、孢粉鉴定、生物标志物色谱—质谱分析等技术手段,运用各项指标详细探究有机质富集的控制因素,建立适用于研究区各环境演化阶段的有机质富集模式。【结果】(1)有机质具有条带状、充填式、分散式等微观赋存状态,母质来源主要为藻类等低等水生生物,在中上部地层出现少量的陆源高等植物来源;(2)沉积环境经历了较浅水半干旱弱氧环境—深水半湿润还原环境—次深水半干旱贫氧环境三个演化阶段;(3)有机质富集的主要控制因素为古气候、古盐度、古氧化还原性、古生产力和沉积速率,而次要控制因素为古水深、陆源输入、火山作用和热液活动。【结论】本次探究了有机质富集的主控因素,建立了适用于陆相断陷咸化湖盆细粒沉积地层的有机质富集模式,研究成果对我国陆相页岩油气勘探开发具有重要意义,即高生产力、还原环境、适宜的盐度和沉积速率主导了高有机质富集,该环境的沉积产物是页岩油气勘探的有利层段。

古盐度对陆相页岩发育的控制作用:以东营凹陷古近系沙三下页岩为例

陆相优质烃源岩发育大多与湖泊咸化相关,但湖泊咸化对页岩发育的影响仍不清晰。以东营凹陷古近系页岩重点取心井樊42井为例,通过岩石薄片观察、XRD、岩石热解测试、XRF二维元素扫描、微量元素测试等分析,结合有机地球化学测试数据、微量元素含量的垂向变化等,分析不同盐度演化阶段页岩成分、纹层结构、有机质丰度的变化。结果表明,研究区目的层段页岩可划分为5种岩相类型。目的层段环境演化可以划分为5个阶段,受控于气候、陆源输入等因素。古气候在沙三下亚段沉积时期呈现暖湿—相对湿冷—暖湿—相对干冷—相对暖湿的变化特征。陆源输入量呈多期旋回变化。不同类型岩石的沉积环境特征各异,高盐度的湖泊水体营养盐浓度高,具有较高的初级生产力,水体分层强烈,水体循环较弱。氧/盐度跃层位置相对较高,富氧带水深较浅,使得有机质更快脱离氧化环境沉降进入还原性水体,有利于有机质的保存。碳酸盐矿物含量高,且呈纹层状发育于滞水层中。

渤海湾盆地东营凹陷古近系沙河街组页岩储层润湿性及其主控因素

润湿性影响储层页岩油的赋存状态和渗流规律,是评价页岩储层的重要内容。对渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷东营凹陷古近系沙河街组页岩开展接触角测定和自发渗吸实验,定量表征储层的润湿性特征,分析研究润湿性的主控因素,从而对储层进行优选评价。研究结果表明:沙河街组页岩储层孔隙连通性中等,具有斑状润湿特征,总体为水湿-弱水湿。储层润湿性受有机质特征、矿物组成、孔隙孔径大小和页岩油组分控制。有机质和矿物组成对润湿性的影响由固体颗粒本身的界面张力决定。有机质丰度越高,矿物组成中钙质含量越高,储层的水湿性越差,油湿性越好。含油性和页岩油组分改变了液体的表面张力,从而影响储层润湿性。储层含油性越好,原油中极性组分越多,油湿性越好。孔隙结构通过毛细管力作用影响固、液表面的界面张力,进而影响润湿性。储层孔隙孔径越大,水湿性越差,油湿性越好。从润湿性特征评价,纹层状富有机质富钙质页岩的亲油性最好,且在弱水湿条件下页岩油较易富集成藏,相对容易开采,是页岩油勘探开发的有利选择。

辽中凹陷西斜坡古近系东三段湖底扇发育模式及大油田发现

通过地层层序研究、古地貌恢复、锆石测年和地震资料分析等,从物源体系、古地貌、坡折体系和湖平面变化等方面探讨了辽中凹陷西斜坡古近系东营组三段(东三段)湖底扇的发育模式,并对油气藏的特征及成藏模式进行了研究。研究结果表明:(1)辽中凹陷西斜坡东三段湖底扇砂体表现为“物源-坡折带-湖平面”控制的富砂模式;物源主要来自燕山褶皱带,其次为辽西凸起,大规模的物源供给和变质岩的母岩区为湖底扇的形成提供了碎屑物质和优质的储集砂体;沉积坡折带控制湖底扇重力流卸载位置,断裂坡折带形成的微古地貌变化控制局部砂体搬运方向和差异富集程度;湖平面变化与物源体系变化耦合形成的三角洲、湖泊和湖底扇沉积在空间上反复叠置发育,为岩性圈闭的形成提供了良好的保存条件。(2)旅大10-6油田湖底扇岩性主要为中—细粒长石岩屑砂岩,颗粒粒度较小,以重力流沉积为主;孔隙类型主要为原生粒间孔和溶蚀粒间孔,见少量粒内溶孔,孔隙发育一般,连通性较差;湖底扇发育具有垂向上多期叠置、平面上连片的特征,位于斜坡中部的中扇亚相具有明显的滑塌变形构造,是最有利的勘探相带。(3)旅大10-6油田湖底扇油藏是辽中凹陷西斜坡从构造圈闭勘探转为岩性圈闭勘探的重大发现,实现了渤海油田斜坡带古近系湖底扇型岩性油气藏勘探领域的重大突破,共发育11个油藏和9个气藏,油气藏相互独立、储量规模大、丰度高,探明油当量为3000×10^(4)t,原油物性好、探井测试产能高,为“汇聚脊-通源断层-顺向砂体”三元耦合成藏模式。

东营凹陷页岩油岩相要素测井评价新方法及其应用

济阳坳陷东营凹陷页岩油岩相具有岩性复杂、非均质性强的特点,区域分布差异显著,目前尚无较好的测井方法能够识别和评价东营凹陷页岩油岩相特征。针对东营凹陷沙四纯上亚段页岩油岩相特点,从岩心刻度测井出发,结合岩心、薄片和实验分析化验等资料,按照“三端元四要素”的页岩岩相分类方案,明晰不同岩相测井响应特征并优选敏感参数测井曲线,建立了适用的页岩油测井岩相划分方法。结果表明:通过“分层+聚类AHC(合成聚类)”法、Fisher判别法、小波提频法、遗传优化神经网络等数学和地球物理方法结合,识别页岩油不同岩相的岩石组分、沉积构造、岩石结构和有机质含量,解决了因岩性复杂、测井分辨率不够、特殊测井资料不全和有机碳含量(TOC)模型精度不够等因素导致的岩相识别不出的问题,通过岩相四特征的识别,形成了东营凹陷页岩油岩相的测井定量判识方法技术,确定岩相集中段,为页岩油大规模的勘探开发提供了重要的地质依据。

东营凹陷深层自源型油气成藏模式与勘探实践

东营凹陷深层是以“红层”为典型特征的沙河街组四段下亚段(沙四下亚段)—孔店组,该套层系沉积厚度大、储量发现少,蕴含着极大的勘探潜力。综合深层烃源岩评价、高成熟油源对比及自源型油气成藏模式的系统分析,明确了深层沙四下亚段和孔店组二段(孔二段)两套烃源岩的基本特征,落实了深层的资源潜力,同时深入剖析关键成藏要素条件,建立了自源型差异油气成藏模式。研究表明,深层孔二段烃源岩有机质类型为Ⅱ_(1)—Ⅲ型,评价为过成熟中等烃源岩;沙四下亚段烃源岩有机质类型为Ⅰ—Ⅱ_(1)型,评价为成熟优质烃源岩。利用原型盆地的井—震追踪落实烃源岩展布,进而评价出深层资源量为11.35×10^(8)t。同时,建立了两种自源型油气藏的差异成藏模式,一种是陡坡带沙四下亚段烃源岩直接对接深层砂砾岩储层,匹配形成凝析油气—常规油的纵向有序油气藏;另一种是南部斜坡带孔店组源内的“源—断—储—圈”差异油气运聚模式。分析认为,基于东营凹陷深层烃源岩品质与规模的深化认识,以及两种自源型油藏模式的认识可将勘探目的层至少下探1500m,初步估算新增圈闭资源量近2×10^(8)t,东营凹陷深层自源型油藏预计在“十四五”期间迎来重大突破。

渤海湾盆地歧口凹陷古近系沙三段页岩油储层非线性渗流特征

通过高压压汞与低温气体吸附实验,结合核磁共振在线检测系统和驱替实验,对渤海湾盆地歧口凹陷古近系沙三段页岩油储层的渗流特征进行了研究。研究结果表明:①歧口凹陷古近系沙三段3种岩相页岩的微孔数量占比最大。与块状泥岩相比,纹层状及层状页岩储层的孔径大于100 nm的中大孔喉更为发育,储集性及渗流能力更优。②赋存在页岩储层大孔喉中的可流动油能有效产出,但由于渗流阻力较大,微小孔喉(小于100 nm)中的油即使在很大压差下也难以产出。③页岩储层中的石油渗流具有启动压力梯度和非线性渗流的特征,但不同岩相的渗透特征差异较大,其中纹层状页岩拟启动压力梯度最小,渗流能力最强,层状页岩储层具有一定的渗流能力,块状页岩储层渗流能力最差。在相同压力梯度下,块状页岩中的流量仅为纹层状页岩中流量的10%左右,基本无自然产能。