Hydrogen challenge mitigation stands as one of the main objectives in the management of severe accidents at Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs). Key strategies for hydrogen control include atmospheric inertization and hydroge...Hydrogen challenge mitigation stands as one of the main objectives in the management of severe accidents at Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs). Key strategies for hydrogen control include atmospheric inertization and hydrogen removal with Passive Autocatalytic Recombiners (PARs) being a commonly accepted approach. However, an examination of PAR operation specificity reveals potential inefficiencies and reliability issues in certain severe accident scenarios. Moreover, during the in-vessel stage of severe accident development, in some severe accident scenarios PARs can unexpectedly become a source of hydrogen detonation. The effectiveness of hydrogen removal systems depends on various factors, including the chosen strategies, severe accident scenarios, reactor building design, and other influencing factors. Consequently, a comprehensive hydrogen mitigation strategy must effectively incorporate a combination of strategies rather than be based on one strategy, taking into consideration the probabilistic risks and uncertainties associated with the implementation of PARs or other traditional methods. In response to these considerations, within the framework of this research it has been suggested a conceptual strategy to mitigate the hydrogen challenge during the in-vessel stage of severe accident development.展开更多
In connection with the current prospect of decarbonization of coal energy through the use of small nuclear power plants (SNPPs) at existing TPPs as heat sources for heat supply to municipal heating networks, there is ...In connection with the current prospect of decarbonization of coal energy through the use of small nuclear power plants (SNPPs) at existing TPPs as heat sources for heat supply to municipal heating networks, there is a technological need to improve heat supply schemes to increase their environmental friendliness and efficiency. The paper proves the feasibility of using the heat-feeding mode of ASHPs for urban heat supply by heating the network water with steam taken from the turbine. The ratio of electric and thermal power of a “nuclear” combined heat and power plant is given. The advantage of using a heat pump, which provides twice as much electrical power with the same heat output, is established. Taking into account that heat in these modes is supplied with different potential, the energy efficiency was used to compare these options. To increase the heat supply capacity, a scheme with the use of a high-pressure heater in the backpressure mode and with the heating of network water with hot steam was proposed. Heat supply from ASHPs is efficient and environmentally friendly even in the case of significant remoteness of heat consumers.展开更多
Nowadays for power generation, environment is a major consideration. The heart of power generation is power station. At present there are almost above 40(Both Government & Rental) power station in Bangladesh. Amon...Nowadays for power generation, environment is a major consideration. The heart of power generation is power station. At present there are almost above 40(Both Government & Rental) power station in Bangladesh. Among these 80% of power station is gas based. Rest of the 20% is coal, liquid and furnace oil based. Bangladesh has only one Hydraulic power station. These gas and coal based power stations are giving adverse effect in Bangladesh. The main emissions from coal combustion at thermal power plants are carbon dioxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NO), sulfur oxides (SO), chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), and air- borne inorganic particles such as fly ash, soot, and other trace gas species. Carbon dioxide, methane, and chlorofluorocarbons are greenhouse gases. These emissions are considered to be responsible for heating up the atmosphere, producing a harmful global environment. It is known to all that hydro power station is a clean source of energy, but it has also some ecological and environmental effect. Dhaka is one of the top polluted city in the world. So for power generation if the environmental effect is not considered then Bangladesh will be in great trouble. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the present and future possible environmental effect of power generation in Bangladesh.展开更多
Many developing countries need ecologically clean power sources (PS). The nuclear power plants are such sources. However, a great number of the developing countries do not possess developed large capacity power system...Many developing countries need ecologically clean power sources (PS). The nuclear power plants are such sources. However, a great number of the developing countries do not possess developed large capacity power systems. Moreover, currently in the developing countries, there are no highly skilled personnel to provide construction and reliable and safe operation of the nuclear plants, which are complex and potentially hazardous systems. In some countries, the level of terroristic threat is extremely high. For that reason, there are specific requirements to the nuclear PSs intended for use in the developing countries. In the presented report, the specific requirements which must be met by the NPT proposed for use in developing countries are formulated, basic statements of the SVBR-100 concept are presented, design and principal scheme of the reactor fa-ility are described, major characteristics of SVBR-100 are summarized.展开更多
文摘Hydrogen challenge mitigation stands as one of the main objectives in the management of severe accidents at Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs). Key strategies for hydrogen control include atmospheric inertization and hydrogen removal with Passive Autocatalytic Recombiners (PARs) being a commonly accepted approach. However, an examination of PAR operation specificity reveals potential inefficiencies and reliability issues in certain severe accident scenarios. Moreover, during the in-vessel stage of severe accident development, in some severe accident scenarios PARs can unexpectedly become a source of hydrogen detonation. The effectiveness of hydrogen removal systems depends on various factors, including the chosen strategies, severe accident scenarios, reactor building design, and other influencing factors. Consequently, a comprehensive hydrogen mitigation strategy must effectively incorporate a combination of strategies rather than be based on one strategy, taking into consideration the probabilistic risks and uncertainties associated with the implementation of PARs or other traditional methods. In response to these considerations, within the framework of this research it has been suggested a conceptual strategy to mitigate the hydrogen challenge during the in-vessel stage of severe accident development.
文摘In connection with the current prospect of decarbonization of coal energy through the use of small nuclear power plants (SNPPs) at existing TPPs as heat sources for heat supply to municipal heating networks, there is a technological need to improve heat supply schemes to increase their environmental friendliness and efficiency. The paper proves the feasibility of using the heat-feeding mode of ASHPs for urban heat supply by heating the network water with steam taken from the turbine. The ratio of electric and thermal power of a “nuclear” combined heat and power plant is given. The advantage of using a heat pump, which provides twice as much electrical power with the same heat output, is established. Taking into account that heat in these modes is supplied with different potential, the energy efficiency was used to compare these options. To increase the heat supply capacity, a scheme with the use of a high-pressure heater in the backpressure mode and with the heating of network water with hot steam was proposed. Heat supply from ASHPs is efficient and environmentally friendly even in the case of significant remoteness of heat consumers.
文摘Nowadays for power generation, environment is a major consideration. The heart of power generation is power station. At present there are almost above 40(Both Government & Rental) power station in Bangladesh. Among these 80% of power station is gas based. Rest of the 20% is coal, liquid and furnace oil based. Bangladesh has only one Hydraulic power station. These gas and coal based power stations are giving adverse effect in Bangladesh. The main emissions from coal combustion at thermal power plants are carbon dioxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NO), sulfur oxides (SO), chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), and air- borne inorganic particles such as fly ash, soot, and other trace gas species. Carbon dioxide, methane, and chlorofluorocarbons are greenhouse gases. These emissions are considered to be responsible for heating up the atmosphere, producing a harmful global environment. It is known to all that hydro power station is a clean source of energy, but it has also some ecological and environmental effect. Dhaka is one of the top polluted city in the world. So for power generation if the environmental effect is not considered then Bangladesh will be in great trouble. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the present and future possible environmental effect of power generation in Bangladesh.
文摘Many developing countries need ecologically clean power sources (PS). The nuclear power plants are such sources. However, a great number of the developing countries do not possess developed large capacity power systems. Moreover, currently in the developing countries, there are no highly skilled personnel to provide construction and reliable and safe operation of the nuclear plants, which are complex and potentially hazardous systems. In some countries, the level of terroristic threat is extremely high. For that reason, there are specific requirements to the nuclear PSs intended for use in the developing countries. In the presented report, the specific requirements which must be met by the NPT proposed for use in developing countries are formulated, basic statements of the SVBR-100 concept are presented, design and principal scheme of the reactor fa-ility are described, major characteristics of SVBR-100 are summarized.
