Nurses’ Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Regarding Personal Protective Equipment for the Prevention of COVID-19 in Public Hospitals Khartoum State Sudan 2022

Since December 2019, there had been a series of unexplained cases of pneumonia reported in Wuhan, China, and on 12 January 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) named this new virus as the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). The Novel Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an emerging, rapidly changing global health challenge affecting all sectors, including the health sector. This study aimed to investigate nurses’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding the prevention and control of COVID-19. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among nurses in three public health hospitals in Khartoum state. A self-administered questionnaire was used. A total of 14 knowledge questions were adopted. There are 5 questions constructed for attitude. A total of 12 practice questions were used. Mean score of knowledge considers as follows when the mean more than 75% considers as good knowledge while this percent uses as good practice and poor practice respectively to analyze the mean score differences of knowledge, attitudes, and practices between the independent variables. Spearman correlation was used to assess the relationship between mean knowledge and attitude scores. Results: Of the 101 nurses approached, a total of 100 nurses responded (99.0% response rate). The mean age of the participants was 27.6 (SD 5.3) years, and the majority of the participants were male (293/434, 67.5%). The mean knowledge score was 1.01 (SD 0.100). The mean attitude score was 10.5 (SD 4.1), and 54.8% (238/434) of the participants had a good attitude toward COVID-19. The mean practice score was 1.4176 (SD 1.4176). There was a negative correlation between knowledge and attitude scores (P < -0.014) and between knowledge and practice scores (P < -0.081). Conclusions: The overall levels of knowledge and practice and attitude were good.

Reacting to Epidemics:The Innovative Imperial Public Health System during the Late Northern Song Dynasty

Song China was a period in which China experienced a great increase in its population.Concurrently,the Song dynasty also experienced a rise in the frequency of epidemics and two major wars with the Western Xia and Liao dynasties during the 1000s and 1040s.The consequences of these changes were exacerbated by the increased geographical mobility of certain social groups such as traders and examinees attending civil service examinations.Thus,casualties of wars,epidemics,or disease,especially of people whose families were far away and could not care for them were left without care and“their corpses often lay bare along the roads.”This new social environment created a need for general relief.The Northern Song government(960-1127 CE),especially during the reign of Emperor Huizong,established an innovative public health system to address this issue.The public health system included poorhouses,public hospitals,and pauper’s cemeteries.The first were more of charity organizations,whereas the latter two promoted public health by providing medical services for the poor and burial for those that nobody cared for.In terms of rationale behind these institutions,on the one hand,they constituted an attempt to get the poor and homeless off the streets while providing them relief or burial.On the other hand,it seems that Huizong’s deep concern with medicine propelled him to design and implement a comprehensive public health system oriented to prevent contagion and outbreak of epidemics.This article depicts the background,the organization,and the functions of the system.The article also discusses the conditions and reasons that gave rise to such a unique undertaking by the Northern Song government.

Prevalence of Cesarean Section at Georgetown Public Hospital Corporation, Guyana: An Institution-Based Cross-Sectional Study

The International Healthcare Community recommends that countries do not exceed a 15% rate for cesarean section (CS). Our objective was to determine the prevalence and factors associated with CS at GPHC from July to September 2022. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out and data were collected from 1296 mothers, who met the inclusion criteria, through face-to-face interviews after obtaining prior informed consent. We performed descriptive analyses both for the outcome and independent variables. Bivariate and multiple logistic regression were used to identify factors associated with CS with a p-value Results: The prevalence of CS at GPHC was 28.9% (95%CI: 26.5-31.5). Factors associated factors with CS were mothers aged 20 to 34 years (AOR: 1.56, 95%CI: 1.02 - 2.39, P = 0.039);mothers who received more than three minimum wages (AOR: 1.95, 95%CI: 1.29 - 2.97, P = 0.002) and who attended prenatal care at both public and private health facilities (AOR: 2.49, 95% CI: 1.19 - 5.22, P = 0.022). Likewise, the highest Odds of CS were observed in mothers with gestational hypertension (AOR: 2.00, 95%CI: 1.35 - 2.96, P Conclusion: The prevalence of CS is higher than the ideal rate recommended by the International Healthcare Community. More studies are needed to understand the reasons for such high prevalence at GPHC.

Bootstrapping Data Envelopment Analysis of Efficiency and Productivity of County Public Hospitals in Eastern, Central, and Western China after the Public Hospital Reform

China implemented the public hospital reform in 2012. This study utilized bootstrapping data envelopment analysis（DEA） to evaluate the technical efficiency（TE） and productivity of county public hospitals in Eastern, Central, and Western China after the 2012 public hospital reform. Data from 127 county public hospitals（39, 45, and 43 in Eastern, Central, and Western China, respectively） were collected during 2012–2015. Changes of TE and productivity over time were estimated by bootstrapping DEA and bootstrapping Malmquist. The disparities in TE and productivity among public hospitals in the three regions of China were compared by Kruskal–Wallis H test and Mann–Whitney U test. The average bias-corrected TE values for the four-year period were 0.6442, 0.5785, 0.6099, and 0.6094 in Eastern, Central, and Western China, and the entire country respectively, with average non-technical efficiency, low pure technical efficiency（PTE）, and high scale efficiency found. Productivity increased by 8.12%, 0.25%, 12.11%, and 11.58% in China and its three regions during 2012–2015, and such increase in productivity resulted from progressive technological changes by 16.42%, 6.32%, 21.08%, and 21.42%, respectively. The TE and PTE of the county hospitals significantly differed among the three regions of China. Eastern and Western China showed significantly higher TE and PTE than Central China. More than 60% of county public hospitals in China and its three areas operated at decreasing return scales. There was a considerable space for TE improvement in county hospitals in China and its three regions. During 2012–2015, the hospitals experienced progressive productivity; however, the PTE changed adversely. Moreover, Central China continuously achieved a significantly lower efficiency score than Eastern and Western China. Decision makers and administrators in China should identify the causes of the observed inefficiencies and take appropriate measures to increase the efficiency of county public hospitals in the three areas of China, especially in Central China.

Development Path and Urgency of Further Strengthening Construction of Public Hospitals Based on Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Treatment

During the outbreak of novel coronavirus pneumonia(NCP)in Wuhan,public hospitals have played an important role in intensive care,case guidance and scheme optimization.At the same time,it also faces unprecedented challenges and tests.Based on the treatment of severe patients in Wuhan,combined with the treatment practice in Tongji Hospital affiliated to Tongji Medical College,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,this paper puts forward the urgency of further strengthening the construction of public hospitals,discusses the feasible path for promoting the development of public hospitals,so as to meet the growing medical needs of the people,improve the ability to respond to major public health emergencies,and effectively guarantee the safety of people's lives and the promotion of a healthy China construction.

Data Envelopment Analysis on Evaluating the Efficiency of Public Hospitals in Tianjin,China

Public hospitals are the most important components of health systems and account for a large proportion of health resources in China. However, few researches on the efficiency assessment of public hospitals have been conducted in Tianjin, China. On the basis of the data of annual health service report in 2013 from the Ministry of Health, we measured the relative efficiency of the tertiary general public hospitals in Tianjin and estimated the magnitudes of output increase and/or input reduction by using data envelopment analysis to improve hospital efficiency. The main findings of this study indicate that more than half of the sample hospitals operate at a technical and scale efficiency, and the prevalent scale inefficiency is increasing returns to scale. Moreover, it is a prominent issue that health resource constraint and resource waste coexist. Health policy-makers and hospital administrators would need to address these problems by taking comprehensive measures such as optimizing the allocation of health resources, implementing hierarchical diagnosis and treatment, as well as innovating medical-service operating mechanism of public hospital to improve the people's wellbeing.

Study of Cofactors Associated with Precancerous High-Grade Cervical Lesions at the Teaching Hospital Gabriel Touré, 2010 to 2015

Introduction: High grade dysplasia of the cervix has a high incidence and can progress to cervical cancer. The aim was to study cofactors associated with high-grade cervical dysplasia. Methodology: This was a retrospective case-control study without matching. Women with high grade dysplasia were the cases while those with a normal screening test represented the controls. The study took place at the Gabriel Touré University Hospital Center in Bamako. We included 351 cases and 420 controls. The capture and analysis were performed using the SPSS 20 software. A univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed for the analysis of risk cofactors. The statistical tests used were the odds ratio and its confidence interval and the statistical significance threshold was set at p Results: In univariate analysis, the co-factors statistically significantly associated with the occurrence of high-grade dysplasia were parity 0.6 (0.5 - 0.9), gestational 0.7 (0.5 - 0.9), smoking of the spouse 3.4 (1.1 - 11.3), the non-schooling 1.4 (1.2 - 2.1). In multivariate analysis after adjusting for confounding factors, two co-factors have significantly increased the risk of high-grade dysplasia: lack of schooling 1.4 (1.2 - 2.0) and polygamy 1.5 (1.4 - 2.5). Conclusion: At the end of this study, polygamy and lack of schooling were the main risk factors. The prevention of cervical cancer will go through the education of girls and women as well as communication for behavioral change and social change.

The Social Determinants of Health and the Role of the Health Care System: A Case Study of the Significance of Good Governance in Public Hospitals in South Africa

Increasingly international and national policies are being directed at actions for the social determinants of health and for an integrated approach to health care provision, not only in terms of institutional cooperation but also stakeholder involvement. A key component of both these policies is the development of good governance principles in all health care agencies and organizations. A neglected dimension in these debates has been the role of the public hospital which remains a vital and expensive dimension of service provision. In a case study of a public hospital in South Africa, this paper charts the readiness of its management principles and activities to provide quality health care linked to population health and to contribute to the non-medical determinant of health. Using Taylor’s principles of good governance, we conclude that there is a mixture of good and not so good governance activity. The paper concludes by examining the external constraints on the public hospital and by providing suggestions for future activities.

Burnout and work-family conflict among nurses during the preparation for reevaluation of a grade A tertiary hospital

Objectives： To gain a better understanding of nurse burnout and work-family conflict for nurses and to help the hospital prepare for hospital grade reevaluation.Methods： This study is a cross-sectional study, and 95 nurses participated. The questionnaires included MBI and Carlson work-family conflict questionnaires, and the data were analyzed using SPSS 17.Results： A total of 71.6% of nurses worked over 8 h per day during the last two months before the reevaluation. The total score of burnout of nurses was 66.84 ± 12.60, and the proportion of heavy work burnout was 44.2%. The personal accomplishment takes the heaviest portion（80.0%）. The total score of work-family conflict is 55.19 ± 9.27. The scores of work-to-family conflict are all higher than that of family-to-work conflict. The time dimension had the highest score.Conclusions： During the preparation period, nurses suffered from a heavy workload and intense job burnout, and many aspects of work-family conflict existed.

The discussion on the impact of medical service charge standard adjustment on public hospital’s income

[目的] 探讨天津市公立医院综合改革实施意见的颁布及实施后对医院医疗总收入情况的影响. [方法]对天津市7 8家医院2015年相关数据进行调价改革测算和对比分析.[结果]医疗总收入总量得到了控 制,收入结构进行了调整,药品收入占总收入比例由48. 97 %下降到43.45%.[结论]改革的实施,提高了医 疗服务价格的含金量,有助于促进医疗技术水平的提升.但还存在着价格调整不均X 、患者费用增长不平衡、 病源流动性等问题.

How to Promote Financial Management Level of Public Hospital under the New Medical Reform

Following the continuous development of our country's economy,the new medical reform of our country is also gradually speeding up.And potential problems existing in public hospital's financial department are being gradually magnified that has brought new challenge to financial management.The financial staff are studying the problems and trying to solve the problems through their working experiences from long-term practices and on a certain basis.Therefore,in this article,we try to find out the existing problems and to explore efficient solutions to the problems under the background of new medical reform and in the light of the importance of financial management to public hospital's development.The main purpose of this study is to try to solve the existing problems in financial management of public hospital so as to promote perfecting the systems of public medical institutions to get a better development.

基于DEMATEL模型的三级公立医院运营效率影响因素分析及对策研究

目的 分析影响医院运营效率的主要因素并提出意见建议,为医院管理部门提升医院运营效能提供参考依据。方法 利用决策试验和评价试验法(dematel)模型分析影响因素之间的相互作用关系。结果 员工工作负荷、人员结构比例、岗位责任、绩效考核方式等12个要素是影响三级公立医院运营效率的关键影响因素。结论 三级公立医院的高效运转是多种因素共同作用产生的结果,提高运营效率要从合理配置人力资源,完善绩效考核模式,优化医疗流程布局,创新发展运营模式等方面入手。

基于ChatGPT的医院租金收入财务管理智能化浅探

为了规范医院租金收入的财务管理,保证国有资产的保值增值,同时兼顾成本与效益,近年来,医院财务部门一直把信息化作为工作中的重要抓手。ChatGPT特有的深度学习、人机协同能力,能很好地助力医院租金收入管理系统实现从非智能化向智能化的转变,系统升级后医院将实现租金收入的预算填报、会计核算、台账生成、报告出具与更新工作自动化。由此可见,ChatGPT技术的应用不仅能减轻财务部门重复且大量的日常核算工作压力,它对财务基础数据质量提升,及高效的财务预测、分析、决策更是意义重大。

基于Citespace的国内公立医院岗位胜任力研究现状分析

目的探析国内公立医院岗位胜任力的研究现状,为公立医院人才队伍建设提供方向,助力公立医院高质量发展。方法检索中国知网(CNKI)2009—2023年公立医院岗位胜任力研究的相关文献,运用Citespace软件对筛选后的文献进行发文时序、作者共现、机构共现、关键词共现、关键词聚类及突现分析,并绘制可视化知识图谱。结果共纳入有效文献501篇;2009—2023年我国公立医院岗位胜任力相关研究呈上升趋势;研究的热点主要在住院医师、护理等领域;关键词突现显示细分专业领域的有针对性的岗位胜任力研究是未来研究的趋势。结论我国公立医院岗位胜任力领域的研究呈发展趋势,但仍面临机构和作者共现网络结构松散、缺乏合作、专业领域的岗位胜力研究细分不足等问题。鉴于此,亟须细分专业领域,拓展不同领域内的岗位职责、人才培养、和考核评价研究,还应鼓励多学者、跨机构合作研究,不断创新应对策略,以促进公立医院高质量发展。

PDCA模式下医院公共卫生管理的实施效果分析

目的研究医院公共卫生管理使用PDCA模式的实施效果。方法选取2022年1月—2023年12月寿光市人民医院的22名医务人员为研究对象,2022年1—12月医院基本公共卫生管理采用常规模式,为对照组;2023年1—12月采用PDCA模式,为观察组。对比两组工作能力、管理质量、管理效果、管理总满意度。结果观察组工作能力、管理质量、管理效果各项评分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。观察组管理总满意度高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.247,P<0.05)。结论通过在PDCA模式下开展医院公共卫生管理,可提高医务人员的工作能力,对增强管理满意度均具有重要作用。

基于CiteSpace的国内外公立医院人力资源配置研究热点与前沿分析

目的探析国内外公立医院人力资源配置领域的研究情况、热点变迁及前沿趋势,为国内该领域研究方向提供参考借鉴。方法基于中国知网(CNKI)数据库和美国科学网(web of science,WOS),借助CiteSpace工具对国内外公立医院人力资源配置研究文献进行可视化分析,包括文献作者、机构、关键词的共现和聚类分析,以及突变度检测。结果纳入中文样本文献1417篇,外文981篇。国内该领域研究更注重医疗改革与管理、资源配置与分级诊疗、信息化与效能提升等主题,国外则更关注员工满意度、卫生系统与质量、工作环境与医务人员等主题。未来趋势方面,国内研究重点关注降本增效强化公立医院公益性视角,国外研究则开始探索政治概念在该领域发挥的作用。结论相较于国外,国内还需继续提高理论水平和本土化水平,不断拓展该领域研究外延,探寻学科交叉的可能性,向人工智能与自动化技术在医疗服务中的应用、异质性工作队伍管理、管理技术和创新应用研究方向探索。

PDCA模式下医院公共卫生管理的实施效果评估

目的分析PDCA模式下医院公共卫生管理的实施效果。方法选取2022年1月—2023年12月苏州工业园区疾病防治中心负责公共卫生管理的45名医务人员为研究对象。2022年1—12月实施常规管理,为实施前。2023年1—12月实施PDCA模式,为实施后。对不同管理时间节点的卫生管理项目评分、管理满意度等进行评定。结果实施后的卫生意识、卫生标识、公共区域卫生等相关评分均比实施前高,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05);实施后的总满意度比实施前高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论医院公共卫生管理过程中,应用PDCA模式,不仅能够提高管理效果,还可促进管理满意度的提升。

基于DEA的三级公立医院手术科室效率研究

目的中国公立医院进入高质量发展的新时代,各医院手术数量不断攀升,管理部门亟需引进一套科学评价手术科室资源效率的工具,促使医院充分利用现有手术资源。方法数据包络分析法(data envelopment analysis,DEA)对投入产出效率进行评价。以中国首批高质量发展试点单位北京市某三甲医院为例,投入量为手术科室的医护人数、床位数量、专用设备原值,产出量为经过CMI校正的手术量和出院人数。结果通过DEA模型分析,发现该医院只有K7、K9两个科室实现DEA有效,K1、K2纯技术效率过低,说明未充分利用现有手术资源。从规模效益上看,K3、K6处于递减状态,K7、K9不变,其余科室递增。通过Malmquist指数对技术效率和规模效率进行动态评价,结果显示,除新冠疫情影响期间外,其余期间均处于全要素增长率递增状态。文章也计算了各投入产出的松弛变量,精确得出应调整的生产资料投入值和产出工作量的数值。结论案例医院各手术科室效率参差不齐,决策层应对未充分利用手术资源的科室给予指导;对实现DEA有效的科室,在手术资源分配上给予适当倾斜。