The Environment Protection Agency Sierra Leone (EPA) is mandated by law to issue Environmental Impact Assessment license. Currently the agency achieves this mandate by issuing environmental licenses manually which alw...The Environment Protection Agency Sierra Leone (EPA) is mandated by law to issue Environmental Impact Assessment license. Currently the agency achieves this mandate by issuing environmental licenses manually which always encountered lot of problems of accountability and transparency of the management of environmental licenses and assessment documentation. Client’s information and documentation is usually mixed up while carrying files from one point to the other or from one staff to another. Data on client are stored in a way which makes it difficult for the management to retrieve useful information on time. This paper explores these challenges faced by the manual system of issuing environmental licenses and infer solutions to the current challenges by integrating a Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to develop an Environmental Cadastre administrative System (ECAS) which establishes a web-based information repository database developed with open sources software (Java, PHP, MySQL, QGIS) that published revenues online and made the data available to stakeholders and/or the public to complete the cycle of accountability and transparency. The information is presented and downloadable in a comprehensible and user-friendly manner, which in turn improves monitoring and reporting, and increases effectiveness and accountability of the management of environmental licenses and assessment documentation. The findings show these challenges facing the manual system, the back and forth between EPA and the client in the EIA process, the difficulty in the searching a client record, the mixing up of Client’s information and documentation by carrying files from one point to the other, and the storage of data on client in a way which makes it difficult for the management to retrieve useful information on time, and lack of back up when data or information is lost. Problems encountered in the time-consuming nature of the manual retrieval of files and preparation of prompt and accurate reports make it become a difficult task to accomplish as data and information are difficult to retrieve or collect from various files. Based on these findings, this paper provides the possible solution to the above problems. An online Environmental Cadastre administrative System (ECAS) which establishes a web-based information repository database was designed to capture the full lifecycle of environmental licenses including all stages of monitoring, licenses and payments and seamlessly manage the environmental impact assessment (EIA) licenses.展开更多
General stability will prevail in the new-born country. Not resigned to theirdefeat, some white ultra-rightists and black traditional conservatives willcontinue to provoke troubles, resort to bloodshed and disturb soc...General stability will prevail in the new-born country. Not resigned to theirdefeat, some white ultra-rightists and black traditional conservatives willcontinue to provoke troubles, resort to bloodshed and disturb social security, yetthey have all been greatly weakened and isolated after four years of repeated trial ofstrength in the course of the democratic transition and will be unable to reverse展开更多
Administrative license is closely related to validity judgments on civil juristic acts. In terms of civil law, an administrative organ, under administrative license, allows citizens, legal persons or other organizatio...Administrative license is closely related to validity judgments on civil juristic acts. In terms of civil law, an administrative organ, under administrative license, allows citizens, legal persons or other organizations to engage in specific activities. Some of these activities fall under approved factual acts;some are approved civil juristic acts;and some depend on the particular situation, sometimes belonging to factual acts, sometimes to civil juristic acts. Correspondingly, some provisions for administrative license found in law or administrative regulations are mandatory provisions falling under simple norms;some are mandatory provisions falling under complex norms;and some depend on the particular situation, sometimes belonging to the former and sometimes to the latter. Where a party intends to rule out the application of such mandatory provisions by virtue of agreement on the intent of the civil juristic act, Article 153(2) of the Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China shall be cited to hold that the agreement is absolutely invalid. Where the civil juristic act of a party violates mandatory provisions falling under complex norms, Article 153(1) of the Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China shall be invoked to judge its validity.展开更多
We, health professional, scientists and health administrator from all over the world involvedin the field of traditional medicine, meeting in Beijing from 18 to 22 October 1991, affirm ourcollective support for tradit...We, health professional, scientists and health administrator from all over the world involvedin the field of traditional medicine, meeting in Beijing from 18 to 22 October 1991, affirm ourcollective support for traditional medicine. We recognize that traditional medicine has been the cultural heritage and treasure of allpeoples for thousands of years and has substantially to human health and to the development展开更多
文摘The Environment Protection Agency Sierra Leone (EPA) is mandated by law to issue Environmental Impact Assessment license. Currently the agency achieves this mandate by issuing environmental licenses manually which always encountered lot of problems of accountability and transparency of the management of environmental licenses and assessment documentation. Client’s information and documentation is usually mixed up while carrying files from one point to the other or from one staff to another. Data on client are stored in a way which makes it difficult for the management to retrieve useful information on time. This paper explores these challenges faced by the manual system of issuing environmental licenses and infer solutions to the current challenges by integrating a Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to develop an Environmental Cadastre administrative System (ECAS) which establishes a web-based information repository database developed with open sources software (Java, PHP, MySQL, QGIS) that published revenues online and made the data available to stakeholders and/or the public to complete the cycle of accountability and transparency. The information is presented and downloadable in a comprehensible and user-friendly manner, which in turn improves monitoring and reporting, and increases effectiveness and accountability of the management of environmental licenses and assessment documentation. The findings show these challenges facing the manual system, the back and forth between EPA and the client in the EIA process, the difficulty in the searching a client record, the mixing up of Client’s information and documentation by carrying files from one point to the other, and the storage of data on client in a way which makes it difficult for the management to retrieve useful information on time, and lack of back up when data or information is lost. Problems encountered in the time-consuming nature of the manual retrieval of files and preparation of prompt and accurate reports make it become a difficult task to accomplish as data and information are difficult to retrieve or collect from various files. Based on these findings, this paper provides the possible solution to the above problems. An online Environmental Cadastre administrative System (ECAS) which establishes a web-based information repository database was designed to capture the full lifecycle of environmental licenses including all stages of monitoring, licenses and payments and seamlessly manage the environmental impact assessment (EIA) licenses.
文摘General stability will prevail in the new-born country. Not resigned to theirdefeat, some white ultra-rightists and black traditional conservatives willcontinue to provoke troubles, resort to bloodshed and disturb social security, yetthey have all been greatly weakened and isolated after four years of repeated trial ofstrength in the course of the democratic transition and will be unable to reverse
基金a phased result of the key project of the National Philosophy and Social Science Fund of China “Research on Major Difficult Issues in the Codification of the Civil Code”(14ZDC017)。
文摘Administrative license is closely related to validity judgments on civil juristic acts. In terms of civil law, an administrative organ, under administrative license, allows citizens, legal persons or other organizations to engage in specific activities. Some of these activities fall under approved factual acts;some are approved civil juristic acts;and some depend on the particular situation, sometimes belonging to factual acts, sometimes to civil juristic acts. Correspondingly, some provisions for administrative license found in law or administrative regulations are mandatory provisions falling under simple norms;some are mandatory provisions falling under complex norms;and some depend on the particular situation, sometimes belonging to the former and sometimes to the latter. Where a party intends to rule out the application of such mandatory provisions by virtue of agreement on the intent of the civil juristic act, Article 153(2) of the Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China shall be cited to hold that the agreement is absolutely invalid. Where the civil juristic act of a party violates mandatory provisions falling under complex norms, Article 153(1) of the Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China shall be invoked to judge its validity.
文摘We, health professional, scientists and health administrator from all over the world involvedin the field of traditional medicine, meeting in Beijing from 18 to 22 October 1991, affirm ourcollective support for traditional medicine. We recognize that traditional medicine has been the cultural heritage and treasure of allpeoples for thousands of years and has substantially to human health and to the development
