Certificateless public key cryptography was introduced to overcome the key escrow limitation of the identity-based cryptography. It combines the advantages of the identity-based cryptography and the traditional PKI. M...Certificateless public key cryptography was introduced to overcome the key escrow limitation of the identity-based cryptography. It combines the advantages of the identity-based cryptography and the traditional PKI. Many certificateless public key encryption and signature schemes have been proposed. However, the key agreement in CL-PKE is seldom discussed. In this paper, we present a new certificateless two party authentication key agreement protocol and prove its security attributes. Compared with the existing protocol, our protocol is more efficient.展开更多
This study aims to explore the influencing factors of the location determinants of Taiwan’s foreign direct investments(FDIs)in China’s internal regions.This study proposes three models to examine the influencing fac...This study aims to explore the influencing factors of the location determinants of Taiwan’s foreign direct investments(FDIs)in China’s internal regions.This study proposes three models to examine the influencing factors of Taiwan’s FDIs in China by combining the location advantages of the host country,the economy and politics of the home country,and network relationship in bilateral and regional trade agreements:First,analyze the location distribution of Taiwan’s FDIs in China’s six regions;Second,analyze the location determinants of Taiwan’s main sectors’(manufacturing and service)FDIs in China;Third,analyze the location determinants of Taiwan’s high-tech industries’FDIs in China’s six regions.The estimated results show that bilateral trade agreement seems to have positive effects on Taiwan’s FDIs in China,while regional trade agreement seems to have negative effects.In Taiwan’s political form,the ruling party with characteristics of political defense against China seems to have negative effects on most of Taiwan’s industries(except manufacturing)and the overall FDIs in China.In terms of China’s relevant economic factors,the main determinants of Taiwan’s high-tech industries’FDIs in the major regions of Eastern and South Central of China are infrastructure and high-level human capital resources.China’s GDP growth and increase in unit labor cost have negative effects on FDIs in most regions of China.This implies that the advantage of low wages in China Factory may gradually decline.This study provides some references and implications for future research and policy makers for the analysis of relevant influencing factors of FDI.展开更多
Since the demise of colonialism as well as the cold war, Africa has battled to put democratic governments in place. The legacies of these two political and historical landscapes have had a hand in shaping and disfigur...Since the demise of colonialism as well as the cold war, Africa has battled to put democratic governments in place. The legacies of these two political and historical landscapes have had a hand in shaping and disfiguring the nascent governments that would be born in Africa with vanguard parties not tolerating opposition. In a bid to stay in leading positions, as founding fathers of revolution, incumbent governments have used different tools, some very unorthodox, from brute force, genocides, governments of national unity and violent elections to stay in power and destroy opposition. This paper seeks to trace how Zimbabwe has fared in establishing a democratic government from Lancaster to the 2013 March referendum. Zimbabwe, following a Lancaster House Agreement C1979）, like Kenya （1960）, held elections in 1980, making R. G. Mugabe the first black Prime Minister and C. Banana the President. Some scholars have argued that the 1980 elections have been the only free and fair elections in Zimbabwe＇s history of elections. To measure the level of democracy in Zimbabwe, the paper shall highlight the euphoria at 1980, read through gukurahundi of 1983, the unity accord of 1987, select parliamentary and presidential elections, the fast track land reform of 2002, the 2009 Government of National Unity as well as the 2013 constitution amendment. The study shall largely make use of desktop and interviews of ordinary Zimbabweans, politicians, and students in universities with regards to matters of governance. The paper concludes that post communist governments have struggled to establish democracy.展开更多
Two-party certificateless authenticated key agreement(CL-AKA) protocol is a hot topic in the field of wireless communication security. An improved two-party CL-AKA protocol with enhanced security is proposed,which is ...Two-party certificateless authenticated key agreement(CL-AKA) protocol is a hot topic in the field of wireless communication security. An improved two-party CL-AKA protocol with enhanced security is proposed,which is of provable security and unforgeability in the extended Canetti-Krawczyk(eCK) security model based on the hardness assumption of the computational Diffie Hellman(CDH) problem. Compared with other similar protocols, it is more efficient and can satisfy security properties such as free of the centralized management of certificate and key, free of bilinear pairings, two-party authentication, resistant to unknown key-share attack, key compromise impersonation attacks, the man-in-the-middle-attack(MIMA) of key generation center(KGC), etc. These properties make the proposed protocol have better performance and adaptability for military communication.展开更多
Along with the increasing use of multi-party arbitration, mounting issues relating to it have recently become heated topics. One of the various facets concerning the availability of class arbitration has gathered over...Along with the increasing use of multi-party arbitration, mounting issues relating to it have recently become heated topics. One of the various facets concerning the availability of class arbitration has gathered overwhelming discussion in the US. According to the decisions of the United States Supreme Court, whether class action is applicable is probably decided by the arbitrator＇s interpretation of the parties＇ intent when an adequately drafted arbitration clause is silent on this issue, regardless of the correctness of his/her construing of the contracts. The contract interpretation theory is a conclusion of existing jurisprudence while the question of arbitrability doctrine may be a hint or inkling from a recent court decision. Comparing these two sides, it is better to regard the availability of class arbitration for silent agreements as a matter of contract interpretation. Although it is preferable to regard the availability issue of class action as a contract interpretation question, some restrictions on the arbitrators＇ broad contract interpretation needs to be imposed so that the parties＇ real intent can be properly enforced.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (19501032)
文摘Certificateless public key cryptography was introduced to overcome the key escrow limitation of the identity-based cryptography. It combines the advantages of the identity-based cryptography and the traditional PKI. Many certificateless public key encryption and signature schemes have been proposed. However, the key agreement in CL-PKE is seldom discussed. In this paper, we present a new certificateless two party authentication key agreement protocol and prove its security attributes. Compared with the existing protocol, our protocol is more efficient.
文摘This study aims to explore the influencing factors of the location determinants of Taiwan’s foreign direct investments(FDIs)in China’s internal regions.This study proposes three models to examine the influencing factors of Taiwan’s FDIs in China by combining the location advantages of the host country,the economy and politics of the home country,and network relationship in bilateral and regional trade agreements:First,analyze the location distribution of Taiwan’s FDIs in China’s six regions;Second,analyze the location determinants of Taiwan’s main sectors’(manufacturing and service)FDIs in China;Third,analyze the location determinants of Taiwan’s high-tech industries’FDIs in China’s six regions.The estimated results show that bilateral trade agreement seems to have positive effects on Taiwan’s FDIs in China,while regional trade agreement seems to have negative effects.In Taiwan’s political form,the ruling party with characteristics of political defense against China seems to have negative effects on most of Taiwan’s industries(except manufacturing)and the overall FDIs in China.In terms of China’s relevant economic factors,the main determinants of Taiwan’s high-tech industries’FDIs in the major regions of Eastern and South Central of China are infrastructure and high-level human capital resources.China’s GDP growth and increase in unit labor cost have negative effects on FDIs in most regions of China.This implies that the advantage of low wages in China Factory may gradually decline.This study provides some references and implications for future research and policy makers for the analysis of relevant influencing factors of FDI.
文摘Since the demise of colonialism as well as the cold war, Africa has battled to put democratic governments in place. The legacies of these two political and historical landscapes have had a hand in shaping and disfiguring the nascent governments that would be born in Africa with vanguard parties not tolerating opposition. In a bid to stay in leading positions, as founding fathers of revolution, incumbent governments have used different tools, some very unorthodox, from brute force, genocides, governments of national unity and violent elections to stay in power and destroy opposition. This paper seeks to trace how Zimbabwe has fared in establishing a democratic government from Lancaster to the 2013 March referendum. Zimbabwe, following a Lancaster House Agreement C1979）, like Kenya （1960）, held elections in 1980, making R. G. Mugabe the first black Prime Minister and C. Banana the President. Some scholars have argued that the 1980 elections have been the only free and fair elections in Zimbabwe＇s history of elections. To measure the level of democracy in Zimbabwe, the paper shall highlight the euphoria at 1980, read through gukurahundi of 1983, the unity accord of 1987, select parliamentary and presidential elections, the fast track land reform of 2002, the 2009 Government of National Unity as well as the 2013 constitution amendment. The study shall largely make use of desktop and interviews of ordinary Zimbabweans, politicians, and students in universities with regards to matters of governance. The paper concludes that post communist governments have struggled to establish democracy.
文摘Two-party certificateless authenticated key agreement(CL-AKA) protocol is a hot topic in the field of wireless communication security. An improved two-party CL-AKA protocol with enhanced security is proposed,which is of provable security and unforgeability in the extended Canetti-Krawczyk(eCK) security model based on the hardness assumption of the computational Diffie Hellman(CDH) problem. Compared with other similar protocols, it is more efficient and can satisfy security properties such as free of the centralized management of certificate and key, free of bilinear pairings, two-party authentication, resistant to unknown key-share attack, key compromise impersonation attacks, the man-in-the-middle-attack(MIMA) of key generation center(KGC), etc. These properties make the proposed protocol have better performance and adaptability for military communication.
文摘Along with the increasing use of multi-party arbitration, mounting issues relating to it have recently become heated topics. One of the various facets concerning the availability of class arbitration has gathered overwhelming discussion in the US. According to the decisions of the United States Supreme Court, whether class action is applicable is probably decided by the arbitrator＇s interpretation of the parties＇ intent when an adequately drafted arbitration clause is silent on this issue, regardless of the correctness of his/her construing of the contracts. The contract interpretation theory is a conclusion of existing jurisprudence while the question of arbitrability doctrine may be a hint or inkling from a recent court decision. Comparing these two sides, it is better to regard the availability of class arbitration for silent agreements as a matter of contract interpretation. Although it is preferable to regard the availability issue of class action as a contract interpretation question, some restrictions on the arbitrators＇ broad contract interpretation needs to be imposed so that the parties＇ real intent can be properly enforced.
