Research and Practice of Course Reform in English Majors of Colleges and Universities from the Ideological and Political Perspective

There is an urgent need for high-quality talents with ideological and moral character for the development of higher education and the cultivation of English majors who meet the requirements of the times.The course reform in English majors from the ideological and political perspective is an important way to improve the comprehensive quality and moral values of students,which helps to cultivate English talents with social responsibility and innovative abilities.This paper analyzes the problems in the current courses through literature review and field research,such as the lack of ideological and political perspective and low interest of students in ideological and political content.Based on these issues,taking the course“Comprehensive English”as an example,various teaching stages were practiced from the aspects of learning objectives,learning content,learning situation,implementation ideas,implementation effects,and teaching evaluation.Additionally,some suggestions are proposed,such as integrating ideological and political content into the entire process of teaching.The teaching staff needs to possess high-level English teaching ability and ideological and political perspective,standardize the evaluation system,and integrate epistemology into the evaluation process of ideological and political education,in order to promote in-depth research and exploration of ideological and political education of English majors.

CATALYTIC RESEARCH FOR CLEAN ENERGY AND ULTRA-CLEAN FUELS IN THE 21^(st) CENTURY Future Perspectives

本文系由大连理工大学王祥生教授 (本刊编委 )和郭新闻教授约请美国宾州大学宋春山博士撰写的“2 1世纪清洁能源和超清洁燃料催化研究的未来展望”述评。在本文中笔者系统而扼要地回顾了 2 0世纪全球能源消耗及供求的情况 ,展望了 2 1世纪催化研究面临的机遇 ,着重讨论了清洁能源 ,对催化而言应把综合和有效利用能源作为研究方向。笔者结合美国情况介绍了许多有用的统计数字 ,重点结合自己的研究工作比较全面地阐述了能源燃料工业对催化研究的需求及其机遇。它包括了清洁运输燃料、重油轻质化增产中间馏分油、制氢和燃料电池、天然气利用、天然气液化、替代燃料的发展、煤的综合利用、专用化学品的合成以及CO2 的转化和利用等。煤既作为生产清洁燃料的原料 ,又作为生产专用化学品的资源 ,把在炼油化工中已经取得卓越成果的催化技术、分子筛催化过程转移到煤化工领域 ,笔者对此提出了比较完整的方案。这些对于读者都有很大的帮助。

Opportunities and Challenges of College Mental Health Education from the Perspective of Big Data

This paper explores the opportunities and challenges of college mental health education from the perspective of big data.Firstly,through literature review,the importance of mental health education and the current issues are elucidated.Then,from the perspective of big data,the potential opportunities of big data in college mental health education are analyzed,including data-driven personalized education,real-time monitoring and warning systems,and interdisciplinary research and collaboration.At the same time,the challenges faced by college mental health education under the perspective of big data are also pointed out,such as data privacy and security issues,insufficient data analysis and interpretation capabilities,and inadequate technical facilities and talent support.Lastly,the research content of this paper is summarized,and directions and suggestions for future research are proposed.

The Change of Perspectives on Aging Research： From Static to Dynamic

Rapid aging process will have a profound impact on China＇s social economy, and the traditional static aging research framework has been unable to adapt to the rapid aging of the opportunities and challenges. The aging perspective needs to be extended from tradition to modem, from static to dynamic. In this paper, from the static aging, the core of the research on dynamic aging is the linkage between internal and external changes of aging, and analyzes the necessity, possibility, change and transition path from static aging to dynamic aging, Research on the shift of research focus in the process of research.

Research on the development of the natural tourism resources in the countryside based on the perspective of the ecological aesthetics

The cartier that the natural tourism projects rely on should be the objective natural environments, including the mountains, water, animals and plants and so on, which are the object present before the development of the project. Therefore, what the natural tourism projects should first be ＂the economic value of the natural resources＂. However, after the man-made planning and being given the humanity, they have the ＂economic value of the human resources＂. In the construction of the future path of the development, we should also have the dynamic study on the subjective preferences of the Chinese consumers. The change of these subjective preferences directly results from the change of the levels of their own income.

Reviews in Garnet-Biotite Geothermometer: Its Versions, Inherent Problems of Accuracy and Precision, and Perspective for Further Research

This paper briefly introduces twenty one versions of garnet biotite Fe Mg exchange geothermometry, points out the sources of systematic errors inherent in geothermometry. The sources lie in that: (1) ideal Fe Mg mixing in garnet and biotite is assumed; (2) non ideal properties of both garnet and biotite are not considered completely; (3) minor elements—Mn, Ca in garnet, and Al Ⅵ, Ti, Mn in biotite are almost neglected; (4) effects of pressure on equilibrium, although little, are almost not taken into consideration, and experiments were conducted at one fixed pressure; (5) the data used for regression analysis is too scarce in quantity; (6) internal consistency of the data used for empirical calibration is not fully guaranteed; (7) the authors take energy parameters W’s (Margule’s parameters) independent of pressure and temperature, though the former are actually the functions of the latter items; and (8) the most important composition activity relationship is not consistent with the mineral compositions used for calibration. Furthermore, it is believed that empirical calibrations cannot avoid the following problems: (1) effect of retrograde metamorphism; (2) inconsistent data set; (3) effect of pressure on temperature estimation; and (4) effect of Fe 3+ calculation. Exact experimental work should be done in order to accurately calibrate the geothermometer in which the Margule’s parameters should be treated as the functions of pressure, temperature, and mineral compositions.

Cameroonian Preadolescents’ Perspectives of an HIV Prevention Intervention

Purpose: Determining and incorporating the perspective of the target population is important to the developments of effective and sustainable HIV prevention efforts. Cameroonian preadolescent females remain at high risk for contract-ing HIV and have not benefitted from targeted HIV prevention efforts. In this report, findings are presented from data collected from 60 Cameroonian preadolescent females;ages 10-12 years;following their completion of an HIV preven-tion intervention. Methods: The theory-based intervention utilized the World Health Organization’s Responsible Be-havior: Delaying Sex curriculum which had been tailored for the target population with the assistance of Cameroonian experts. The data reported here were collected as part of a questionnaire participants completed post-intervention. Re-sults: With only a few exceptions, participants perceived the intervention to be appropriate and relevant. No significant differences were found in participants’ assessment of the intervention across different ages and ethnic groups. Discus-sion: Evaluating the appropriateness of interventions to the developmental level, gender, and culture of participants is an essential step in developing effective and sustainable interventions. Findings in this study are encouraging and indi-cate that interventions adapted with the assistance of local experts can be perceived relevant and appropriate by par-ticipants.

Accounting Research： A Synthetic View of Epistemological Differences

In this paper, a number of basic differences in the contemporary accounting research are explored： （1） American versus European research perspectives; （2） mathematically-based versus non-mathematically-based research approaches; （3） positive versus naturalistic methodologies; （4） objectivist versus subjectivist assumptions concerning the accounting craft; and （5） functionalist versus interpretive paradigms on the accounting theory. In this paper, the accounting literature is discerned from its methodological characteristics combined with some basic metaphors of accounting （e.g., accounting as the economic goods, the political output, the social process, or the cultural product）. Facing these differences, a synthetic view is called for to recognize the unique strengths of different perspectives. It is believed that different perspectives can enrich themselves by learning from each other. The synthetic view can then enhance the overall quality of the accounting research. Facing the wide-ranging needs of the contemporary accounting research, the important strategy is to match research methods/perspectives with research questions/purposes.

数字产业集群:源起、内涵特征与研究框架

数字产业集群是把握新一轮信息技术革命进而构筑国家竞争优势的关键战略选择。首先,本研究从数字技术兴起、政府政策支持和企业数字化转型三个方面分析了数字产业集群得以兴起的原因。其次,从空间分布、产业范围、协作方式、治理模式等方面对数字产业集群的特征进行了分析。再次,基于“运行载体-发展目标-治理机制-演化过程”的分析思路,提出可以基于平台视角、网络视角、制度视角以及种群生态视角等理论视角对数字产业集群展开研究。最后,提出采用案例研究、定量研究、社会网络分析、定性比较分析等方法对涉及数字产业集群的重要议题展开科学化和规范化分析。

基于科研范式变革的实验动物资源创新发展

实验动物是支撑生命科学和生物医药等领域科技创新的重要基础科研条件之一。随着科研范式的变革,准确把握科学前沿和国家重大需求,进一步凝练实验动物资源创制与发展中的难点和疑点,对加快推动实验动物新品种/新品系开发和动物模型创制与发展具有重要意义。本文梳理了我国实验动物资源建设和应用情况,就应对新形势下的科研范式变革中存在的主要问题进行了深入探讨,展望了我国实验动物资源发展新动向,以期为实验动物新资源研究开发提供新视角。

科研众包平台协同激励效应影响因素的实证研究——双边使用意愿视角

在协同激励理论的构念和研究方法视域下,以UTAUT为基础研究模型,从用户激励主体来源、激励动力来源、激励内容、激励作用方向、社会评价模式等多维入手,构建科研众包平台双边用户(发包方和接包方)的协同激励效应影响因素评价指标体系,再对广东省科技厅首批认定的14家科研众包平台双边用户发放调查问卷进行实证检验。结果显示,绩效期望、社交影响、促进条件等都对双边用户有显著的正向激励作用,付出期望对接包方用户有显著的正向激励作用。因此,考虑到用户的使用期待,科研众包平台须围绕智能化、市场化、社群化发展强化用户黏性,形成竞争优势。

临床研究风险与受益的评估框架构建研究

目的当前医疗机构伦理委员会主要依靠经验来分析临床研究风险与受益,缺乏风险与受益评估框架。方法采用扎根理论法对国内29名伦理审查工作者进行访谈分析,通过开放式编码、主轴式编码、选择式编码,构建中国临床研究风险与受益框架;采用NVivo11软件对资料进行存储、整理、编码和分析。结果基于中国国情提出了临床研究风险与受益框架,临床研究风险由生理风险、心理风险、经济风险和社会风险构成,研究受益由研究参与者受益和社会受益构成。结论系统阐述临床研究风险与受益内涵,构建适用于中国的临床研究风险与受益框架,在理论研究方面具有一定创新性,也为研究人员、伦理委员会评估临床研究的风险和潜在受益提供借鉴。

概念、维度与应用:农民行动的研究范式

中国农村社会中农民的行动与其生活实践中的功能性需要息息相关,农民行动的多面向研究是理解中国农民和中国社会的重要路径。通过对农民行动基本界定、农民行动研究的多种维度以及农民行动研究的应用等内容的检讨,发现在开展农民行动研究的过程中,应以特定的场域为背景采取动态研究视角,以历史和文化为维度,强调其本土性等事项,为农民行动研究的进行提供有效参考。

关于秦封泥研究的几点思考

封泥是秦文化研究重要的出土文献资料。本文就当前研究现状,对秦封泥的深入研究提出几点思考。一是要通过建立标准断代,进一步细化封泥分期;二是要注重多种证据材料的综合运用,对封泥内容的考释要更加精准;三是在考释的基础上,对秦政治制度的阐释、行政地理空间重构等方面研究的进一步深入,并扩展到秦政治规范、社会文化活动、精神价值等方面的阐释当中。在研究的同时,也要关注秦封泥的展示、保护工作。

农田水利新质生产力关键内容及研究展望

水利新质生产力是符合新发展理念的先进水利生产力质态,是实现水利高质量发展的关键环节。要以水利新质生产力助力农田发展,推动农田水利新质生产力发展。农田水利新质生产力是水利新质生产力在农田领域的具体实践,是推进实现农业现代化建设和高质量发展的有力路径。为加速落实水利新质生产力在农田领域的部署要求,本文在深入探析农田水利新质生产力和水利新质生产力之间关系的基础上,构建了农田水利新质生产力的研究框架,包括关键问题、战略目标、体系布局和关键内容,并针对农田水利新质生产力的关键内容展开重点研究,最后从理论研究、技术创新和农田改造3个方面提出未来研究展望,为农田水利新质生产力的形成和发展提供参考。

多层级视角下基础研究社会-技术系统的主体、要素及作用机制

基础研究是整个科学体系的源头,其创新发展和突破将从根本上助推国家创新能力和国际科技竞争力提升,也是中国“加快建设科技强国,实现高水平科技自立自强”的根本前提。本文从社会-技术系统角度出发,运用多层级视角分析框架,探讨中国基础研究社会-技术系统的构成主体和构成要素,在此基础上系统分析基础研究社会-技术系统景观层、体制层和利基层三个层级协同互动推动基础研究创新的作用机制,以及三个层级的多重要素协同并发促进基础研究创新的作用机制。研究结果表明:推进基础研究需要基础研究社会-技术系统各个层级之间相互协调配合,要加强景观环境的引导和利基空间的防护培育,还应当注重体制层系统多维度的变革和调整,以突破基础研究社会-技术体制的路径依赖和锁定。

“手写”与“电写”对汉字学习的影响及相关研究视角

随着数字技术与人工智能技术的飞速发展,计算机、智能手机等电子设备已成为日常生活、工作与学习不可或缺的一部分,从执笔书写到“电写”的变革减轻了学习者汉字学习的难度,提升了信息处理的效率,也深刻地改变了汉字学习方式与教学方式。通过探讨在从执笔书写方式向“电写”方式转变的过程中,“手写”与“电写”对汉字学习方式及汉字教学模式产生的深远影响,并分析了“电写”的利与弊,同时也从不同的维度提出了“电写”时代应该关注和研究的问题,呼吁不同学科对汉字认知的相关问题进行交叉实证研究。

华文教育研究的论域、进路与展望

文本基于CiteSpace软件对2000-2023年中国知网(CNKI)华文教育相关的论文进行计量分析,旨在客观呈现华文教育的研究现状,为华文教育的良性发展和后续研究提供方向指引。研究显示,华文教育研究的论域主要包括学科发展、专业建设、华文教学、华文测试、华文事业发展等方面。研究进路呈现出发文数量稳步增长、研究热点不断丰富、研究视角逐渐多元、研究方法丰富多样等特征。未来应进一步深化华文教育基础理论研究,扩充华文教育研究论域,深化跨学科领域研究,构建华文教育的研究范式,搭建华文教育研究平台。这些措施将有助于推动华文教育的进一步发展,提高其学术水平和影响力。

甜樱桃果实品质研究进展

为提高甜樱桃果实品质,阐述了甜樱桃果实在发育成熟过程中外观品质(果实大小、果皮颜色)和内在品质(糖酸、激素和质地)的性状变化,分析了影响果实品质形成的遗传因素(品种、砧木)和环境因素(光照、温度、水分、养分),总结了提高甜樱桃果实品质的栽培管理研究进展,对提高甜樱桃果实品质的研究方向进行了展望。