Research on the Low Carbon Development Strategy of the Real Estate Enterprise Based on the Whole Life Cycle of the Project

This paper analyzes the present development situations of the real estate industry, puts forwards the low carbon development strategies based on the project life cycle for the real estate enterprises, and points out the corresponding assistant suggestions according to the predicament in the implementation of low carbon strategy. The purpose is to provide a theoretical reference for low carbon development of the real estate enterprises and the healthy and sustainable development of the real estate industry.

Life Cycle Assessment Introduced by Using Nanorefrigerant of Organic Rankine Cycle System for Waste Heat Recovery

The use of nanorefrigerants in Organic Rankine Cycle(ORC)units is believed to affect the cycle environment performance,but backed with very few relevant studies.For this purpose,a life cycle assessment(LCA)has been performed for the ORC system using nanorefrigerant,the material and energy input,characteristic indicators and comprehensive index of environmental impact,total energy consumption and energy payback time(BPBT)of the whole life cycle of ORC system using Al_(2)O_(3)/R141b nanorefrigerant were calculated.Total environmental comprehensive indexes reveal that ECER-135 index decrease by 1.5%after adding 0.2%Al_(2)O_(3)nanoparticles to R141b.Based on the contribution analysis and sensitivity analysis,it can be found out ORC system manufacturing is of the most critical stage,where,the ECER-135 index of ORC component production is the greatest,followed by the preparation process of R141b,transportation phase,and that of Al_(2)O_(3)nanoparticles preparation is small.The retirement phase which has good environmental benefits affects the result significantly by recycling important materials.Meanwhile,the main cause and relevant suggestion for improvement were traced respectively.Finally,the environmental impacts of various power generations were compared,and results show that the power route is of obvious advantage.Among the renewable energy,ORC system using Al_(2)O_(3)/R141b nanorefrigerant with minimal environmental impact is only 0.67%of coal-fired power generation.The environmental impact of current work is about 14.34%of other nations’PV results.

Review of Oil and Gas Development Life Cycle Project Management (LCPM)

The effective implementation of the project management plays a core roll in avoiding bad project use effect and waste of funds, caused by asset management planning and design errors or equipment selection errors;meanwhile, it can effectively improve the operational efficiency of enterprise assets, lower operating costs and save resources. In June 1974, A. Gordon published a paper “3L Economics Concept” as the starting point, on the “Building and Quantity Surveying”, which is organized by the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors. In this paper, a review of domestic and foreign research, from 1974 to 2015, on the total life cycle management progress will be given, and then a comment on it will be established. After detailed investigation and analysis of related materials, we can draw a conclusion: the study of the oil and gas development project lifecycle management is just beginning now. Hence, building the whole life cycle planning index system in line with the characteristics of oil and gas development project is very necessary.

Comparison of life cycle assessment of large-scale biogas projects with different raw materials in China

The anaerobic digestion(AD)disposal of stover and cattle manure is of great significance to the development of low-carbon economy and green energy in China,but it will also have an impact on the environment,and the degree of influence is different for various raw materials.In this study,life cycle assessment(LCA)methods were applied to analyze and compare the impact of corn stovers biogas projects(CSBP)and dairy manure biogas projects(DMBP)on the environment during the whole operation stage.The results of inventory analysis were evaluated by ReCiPe2016 Hierarchy(H)mid-point(problem-oriented)and end-point(destruction-oriented)method,respectively.The results showed that the net energy efficiency of CSBP was higher(763.903 kW·h/FU)and the greenhouse gas(GHG)emission reduction of DMBP was more(5541.418 kg CO_(2)-eq/FU).The anaerobic digestion(AD)units have the greatest environmental impacts,and human carcinogenic toxicity is the largest environmental impact category(1.16-1.43 PE).The key to reducing environmental impact is reducing the input of chemical substances and the waste of electric energy.Both CSBP and DMBP have a favorable impact on ecosystem quality and resources,and CSBP is more beneficial to the environment(-10.297 Pt).Co-digestion is an important measure to reduce the environmental damage from biogas projects.These research results provide theoretical support for the selection of raw materials for large-scale biogas projects in China,provide technical basis for reducing the impact of actual operation on the environment,and promote the resource utilization of agricultural waste and carbon dioxide emission reduction and sequestration.

Risk assessment of lead emissions from anthropogenic cycle

The risk assessment right from the source of emissions can effectively guide the pollution control. A model was established, consisting of four part： source estimation, environmental fate analysis, exposure analysis and risk assessment. The human health risk, ecological risk and total risk of lead emissions were assessed. The factors were estimated to indicate the environmental decrease and exposure probability. Of all the 1887 t emissions in China in 2010（quantified in the previous work）, it is turned out 1.3 t reached human bodies（0.9 mg/ca）, and 2.7 t reached the ecosystem. Lead mainly came from the Use stage for the source while lead causing risk mainly came from the Waste Management Recycling and Production stages. As for chemical forms, PbO contributed most to the human health risk and PbSO_4 contributed most to the ecological risk. PbSO_4, PbO and Pb altogether contributed 71% to the total risk, indicating these three chemicals should be taken priority for the risk management.

Application of system dynamics for assessment of sustainable performance of construction projects

Sustainable performance is expected to become a major factor when examining the feasibility of a construction project in terms of its life cycle performance. The study on which this paper is based developed a simulation model, using system dy- namics methodology, to assess the sustainable performance of projects. Three major factors are used to examine project sus- tainable performance (PSP): the sustainability of economic development (E), the sustainability of social development (S), and the sustainability of environmental development (En). Sustainable development ability (SDA) was used as a prototype to evaluate the degree of sustainable performance. The simulation software ‘ithink’ was used to help with the application of the model to a real life case. This paper explains and demonstrates the procedures used to develop the model and finally offers an approach for assessing the feasibility of a construction project in terms of its sustainable performance.

项目生命周期视角下美国DARPA先进技术开发项目管理实践与经验

美国国防部高级研究计划局(Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency,DARPA)先进技术开发项目是研发目标明确、项目体量大、综合性强的任务导向型项目。基于科技项目生命周期过程管理研究基础,建立了科技项目管理分析框架,选取DARPA高空长航时无人机项目为典型案例,从项目选题、项目立项、项目实施、项目验收与转化4个阶段对DARPA先进技术开发项目管理实践进行梳理,总结了DARPA开展此类任务导向型科技项目的管理经验,以期为中国相关科技项目管理工作提供参考。

Assessing Cleaner Energy Alternatives for Bus Transit in Rio de Janeiro:A Life Cycle Inventory Analysis

From 2003 to 2009 in Brazilian municipalities of over 60,000 inhabitants, buses accounted for more than 25% of urban trips. This trend is not expected to change in the medium term. Worldwide, buses rely on petroleum diesel as fuel. In Brazil, alternative fuels such as biodiesel, natural gas and ethanol are available and the choice among them should depend on the assessment of the entire life cycle of such fuels. This paper uses a Life Cycle Inventory, which is essential to the implementation of a Life Cycle Assessment, to assess six energy alternatives: petroleum diesel, biodiesel, petroleum diesel with 5% of biodiesel, compressed natural gas, additivated hydrous ethanol and dual-fuel system composed by petroleum diesel with 5% of biodiesel and compressed natural gas. In saving total energy consumption, pure petroleum diesel or mixed with 5% biodiesel and dual-fuel systems stand out, in that order. If renewable energy use and net carbon dioxide emissions reduction are the goals, ethanol and biodiesel should be given preference. The addition of 5% of biodiesel in petroleum diesel increases the share of renewable energy in the supply chain of petroleum diesel by 47.5% with an increase of 0.58% in total energy consumption and a reduction of 3.8% in net CO2 emissions during the life cycle. In the case of biodiesel, the addition of 5% of biodiesel in petroleum diesel increases the share of renewable energy in the supply chain by 51.15% with an increase of 0.03% in the total energy consumption and a decrease of 7% in net CO2 emissions in the life cycle. The use of 5% of biodiesel in petroleum diesel does not significantly affect the use of renewable energy (+0.69%) or total energy consumption (+0.04%) in ethanol supply chain, which already shows a great use of renewable energy input. However, a decrease of 9.29% in the net CO2 emissions in the supply chain occurs, which reaches 5.28% in the life cycle.

Network Analysis for Projects with High Risk Levels in Uncertain Environments

The critical path method is one of the oldest and most important techniques used for planning and scheduling projects.The main objective of project management science is to determine the critical path through a network representation of projects.The critical path through a network can be determined by many algorithms and is useful for managing,monitoring,and controlling the time and cost of an entire project.The essential problem in this case is that activity durations are uncertain;time presents considerable uncertainty because the time of an activity is not always easily or accurately estimated.This issue increases the need to use neutrosophic theory to solve the critical path problem.Real-world problems are characterized by a lack of precision,consistency,and completeness.The concept of neutrosophic sets has been introduced as a generalization of fuzzy,intuitionistic fuzzy,and crisp sets to overcome the ambiguity surrounding real-world problems.Truth-,falsity-,and indeterminacy-membership functions are used to express neutrosophic elements.This study was performed to examine a neutrosophic event-oriented algorithm for determining the critical path in activity-on-arc networks.The activity time estimates are presented as trapezoidal neutrosophic numbers,and score and accuracy functions are used to obtain a crisp model of the problem.An appropriate numerical example is then used to explain the proposed method.

基于LCA的建筑碳排放计算及减排策略研究——以某住宅工程为例

借鉴LCA原则与框架及相关学者的研究成果,将建筑整个生命周期划分为建材生产及运输、施工建造、建筑物运行及拆除处理四个阶段,并界定建筑全生命周期各阶段的主要碳排放来源。运用东禾建筑碳排放计算软件,以江苏地区某高层钢筋混凝土结构住宅楼为例,计算其各阶段及全生命周期的碳排放量,并提出相应的碳减排对策,为建筑行业实现“双碳”目标提供借鉴和参考。

基于ETAP的接地网全流程三维仿真技术研究及国际化应用

结合工程项目国际化发展要求,通过深入融合国际化标准及计算方法(IEC、IEEE等)、多年项目积累经验数据,并结合ETAP仿真平台,提出一种基于ETAP仿真平台的接地网全流程三维仿真技术。探讨基于ETAP仿真平台的接地网全流程三维仿真技术研究和应用的必要性,简要阐述基于ETAP仿真平台的接地网全流程三维仿真技术在工程项目的应用。

基于生命周期碳排放和总拥有成本的公交车队更新优化

为探索电能和氢能源作为常规公交替代燃料的优势和潜力,确定公交车队更新时序的优化方案,从生命周期的角度综合考虑碳排放和总拥有成本的影响,提出了一种混合整数规划模型.基于柴油、天然气、油电混合、纯电动和氢燃料电池5种动力类型公交的运营数据,分析了电力结构、制氢方式、车辆购置成本和氢能源使用成本的不确定性对车队更新方案的影响.结果表明:电动公交车是当前公交车队更新的最佳选择;在现有的车辆技术水平和制氢方式情景下,不宜选择氢燃料电池公交;在蓝氢或绿氢得到大规模商业化之前,不建议通过财政补贴的方式全面推广氢燃料电池公交;采用该方法可以在不同情景和预期目标下确定公交车队的更新优化方案,促进绿色可持续发展.

数字孪生吴淞江工程(江苏段)建设方案探讨

数字孪生吴淞江工程以阳澄淀泖区为物理流域范围,在已有水文监测站网基础上,开展水位、流量、视频、工情等感知监测,以基础数据、监测数据、业务数据为底座,以水文-水动力-水质-水工程调度耦合模型为核心,以水利知识平台为驱动,对物理流域全要素全过程进行数字化映射与模拟,建设吴淞江工程相关业务预报、预警、预演、预案管理的“四预”业务体系,服务洪涝灾害防御、水资源管理与调配、工程全生命周期管理、生态河湖监管、智慧航运、水文化服务等业务工作,对于加快太湖流域数字孪生水网工程和智慧水利建设具有重要的指导意义。

水利水电工程移民社会融合全生命周期支持体系建构

水利水电工程移民社会融合关乎移民生计恢复和可持续,有利于维护工程安全和移民社会稳定,对于推动移民高质量发展和共同富裕至关重要。建立中国特色的水利水电工程移民社会融合支持体系是顺应“一带一路”倡议和“走出去”战略,提高国家话语权和国际影响力的重要基础。目前理论和实证层面不乏对水利水电工程移民社会融合问题的探讨和实践,但缺乏移民社会融合支持及标准体系研究。为建立具有中国特色的移民社会融合支持体系,从水利水电工程移民生命周期分析入手,探索水利水电工程移民社会融合全生命周期支持体系,详细介绍了其内涵、关键要素、支持目标,并以湖北三峡工程移民工程社会融合支持为实例证明了该支持体系的可行性和科学性,最后对该理论体系的局限性和未来发展方向提出建议。

面向薄弱配电网的农村多能互补系统储能协同优化配置

位于配电网薄弱区域的农村常常存在供能可靠性不足的问题,导致接入大规模光伏的多能互补系统难以在此类地区广泛开展。储能系统作为新型能源系统融合的纽带,能够有效提升此类地区的供能可靠性。为此,文中提出一种面向薄弱配电网的农村多能互补系统(rural multi-energy complementary system,RMES)储能协同优化配置策略。首先,明确包含生物质废弃物能源转化系统的RMES架构。然后,以系统缺供损失成本作为评判依据,提出一种储能配置评价准则。最后,建立计及储能全生命周期成本的RMES多元储能协同优化配置模型。针对该模型的特性,将其解耦转化为包含规划-运行两阶段的双层优化模型,并采用粒子群算法和Gurobi求解器相结合的混合策略进行求解。算例分析表明,所提储能配置评价准则有效激发了RMES配置储能的积极性。此外,构建的多元储能协同配置模型使得RMES表现出更好的经济效益和环境效益,并且在提升系统运行可靠性方面具有优越性。

基于建设项目全寿命周期下绿色建筑碳排放的探究

中国作为能源消耗和温室气体排放大国,其碳排放比例不断上升,其中2005年和2017年碳排放比分别为18%和27.2%,2022年更是上升到28.87%。建筑业是碳排放量最大的行业,要实现“碳达峰”“碳中和”,其碳减排任务十分紧迫,且面临严峻的挑战。因此,在建设项目全寿命周期下,开展绿色建筑对于碳减排具有重要意义,笔者针对建设项目中所涉及的建筑领域的工作环节展开了论述。

建设工程全生命周期虚拟仿真实训基地教学探索与实践

随着建设工程行业的快速发展,培养高素质的建筑工程人才成为迫切的需求,传统教学模式已不能满足学生对实践能力的要求,因此,建设工程全生命周期虚拟仿真实训基地应运而生。文章通过对已有的相关研究进行综述,分析建设工程全生命周期虚拟仿真实训基地的特点和优势,介绍该实训基地在教学中的应用与实践情况,并对其效果进行评估。然而,该实训基地在应用中还存在各种问题,未来研究可进一步探索如何提高实训基地的教学效果,以及如何解决在实训基地应用中的问题。

微电网储能容量优化配置算法仿真

为了确保微电网系统的电能质量和稳定运行,提出基于Benders分解的微电网储能容量优化配置算法。以微电网系统作为研究对象,分析不同储能单元的充放电特性,将储能系统全寿命周期最小成本作为目标函数,组建微电网储能容量优化配置模型。根据模型特点,将模型分解为上下2层子模型,通过Benders分解算法对模型求解,进而获取最优微电网储能容量优化配置方案。经实验测试结果表明,所提算法可以更好完成容量优化配置,经过优化配置后,电网功率波动范围得到了明显降低。

基于LCA的秸秆沼气集中供气工程环境影响评价

为进一步研究秸秆沼气工程生命周期的环境影响,采用生命周期评价方法对秸秆沼气集中供气利用模式的环境影响进行分析,系统比较沼气系统不同单元的环境影响。将秸秆沼气工程建设单元的物质和能量投入及其环境排放纳入生命周期边界,以河南省安阳县西街村秸秆沼气工程为例进行实证分析,对秸秆沼气集中供气工程建设单元、运行单元和产物利用单元进行清单分析和环境影响评价。结果表明,该沼气工程运行1 a产出13.60万m^3沼气,系统环境影响综合值为129.94标准人当量。从沼气系统各阶段看,沼气工程建设单元、运行单元和产物利用单元的环境影响潜值分别占沼气系统生命周期环境影响的65.62%、32.76%和1.62%。从能源替代角度看,该秸秆沼气集中供气工程替代煤炭的全球环境影响负荷为–132.48标准人当量。与煤炭作为炊事用能相比,该沼气工程的环境影响负荷可降低50.50%,秸秆沼气作为可再生的清洁能源可以有效替代煤炭燃烧从而改善环境质量。沼气工程建设阶段的环境影响对秸秆沼气集中供气系统总环境影响的贡献最大,而产物利用阶段环境排放影响最小。秸秆沼气工程运行单元的煤炭增温和电力消耗是影响沼气工程环境排放的重要因素,选择低碳环保的沼气增保温方式和降低工程运行电耗是未来秸秆沼气集中供气工程工艺改进的重要内容。

FTA在工程进度风险分析中的应用

针对建设工程项目的进度风险,以全寿命周期风险管理理论为基础,运用故障树分析方法,建立了工程进度风险分析模型。通过求解其结构重要度系数,得出了对项目延期完工影响最大的因素,提出了重要影响因素的应对措施,对工程的按期完工具有一定意义。