Discussion on the Prevention and Control Countermeasures of Sudden Disasters on Protected Vegetable in Hebei Province

Protected vegetable production made the traditional agriculture gradually get rid of the shackles of nature, broke the seasonal traditional agriculture and realized the anti season list of agricultural products. While protected vegetables often encountered sudden disasters in production and were restricted with the conditions of low temperature and weak light. Aimed at the sudden disasters of protected vegetable production in Hebei Province,the countermeasures for disaster prevention and control were put forward from the aspects of variety selection, seedling treatment technology,grafting technique,cultivation and management,flower and fruit retention technology,application of exogenous substance,rational fertilization,transgenic technology and so on,in order to reduce production risks and cut loss,realize that protected vegetable production is safe,good-quality and efficient.

Magmatic Event at the End of the Archean in Eastern Hebei Province and Its Geological Implication

By using the SHRIMP U-Pb and single zircon stepwise evaporation methods, the authors have obtained some results for granitoids from eastern Hebei Province. The Yuhuzhai hyperthene tonalitic granite was formed 2550 Ma ago, the Qingyangshu gabbroic gneiss 2536 Ma, the Yinmahe granodioritic gneiss near Lücao, Lulong County, 2533 Ma, the gabbro-dioritic gneiss near Longwan, Qianxi County, 2518-2515 Ma, the Qiuhuayu trondjemitic gneiss at Zunhua 2515 Ma, the Xiaoguanzhuang tonalitic gneiss at Zunhua 2495 Ma, and the Cuizhangzi gneiss in Qianxi County 2492 Ma. These geochronilogical data demonstrate that, though diverse in composition, type and origin, the granitic gneisses in eastern Hebei Province were emplaced and crystallized in a rather short period of magmatic activity. The formation of such a great amount of gneisses in this small time gap suggests that it was a critical crust accretion stage at the end of Neoarchean. The fact that granitoids of various types occurred at the same time implies a large-scale underplating （mantle plume） activity, which was then responsible for the crust accretion.

Vegetation NPP Distribution Based on MODIS Data and CASA Model——A Case Study of Northern Hebei Province

Net Primary Productivity （NPP） is one of the important biophysical variables of vegetation activity, and it plays an important role in studying global carbon cycle, carbon source and sink of ecosystem, and spatial and temporal distribution of CO2. Remote sensing can provide broad view quickly, timely and multi-temporally, which makes it an attractive and powerful tool for studying ecosystem primary productivity, at scales ranging from local to global. This paper aims to use Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer （MODIS） data to estimate and analyze spatial and temporal distribution of NPP of the northern Hebei Province in 2001 based on Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach （CASA） model. The spatial distribution of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation （APAR） of vegetation and light use efficiency in three geographical subregions, that is, Bashang Plateau Region, Basin Region in the northwestern Hebei Province and Yanshan Mountainous Region in the Northern Hebei Province were analyzed, and total NPP spatial distribution of the study area in 2001 was discussed. Based on 16-day MODIS Fraction of Photosynthetically Active Radiation absorbed by vegetation （FPAR） product, 16-day composite NPP dynamics were calculated using CASA model; the seasonal dynamics of vegetation NPP in three subreglons were also analyzed. Result reveals that the total NPP of the study area in 2001 was 25.1877 × 10^6gC/（m^2.a）, and NPP in 2001 ranged from 2 to 608gC/（m^2-a）, with an average of 337.516gC/（m^2.a）. NPP of the study area in 2001 accumulated mainly from May to September （DOY 129-272）, high NIP values appeared from June to August （DOY 177-204）, and the maximum NPP appeared from late July to mid-August （DOY 209-224）.

Process and mechanism of arable land change in Hebei Province during the past 50 years

Hebei Province is one of the regions with most densely population, fastest economic growth and most intensive land use in China. The contradiction of land shortage sharpened by high-speed economic development with population growth has become a serious problem, which has restricted regional sustainable development.This paper revealed the basic process, regional differences of change and the gravity center of arable land area according to the long-series statistical data of arable land during the past 50 years. On the basis of the above mentioned, the major driving forces that influence the changes of the arable land are discussed. The research results indicate that there is a trend of obvious fluctuating decrease in arable land area during the last 50 years. The changes of arable land area undergo the process from increase to sharp decrease to gently decrease. The regional disparity of change in arable land area is very notable and the gravity center of arable land area moves to the northeast 49.22 km. Regarding the decrease in arable land, the direct driving forces include adjustments of agricultural structure and reclamation, and indirect driving forces include advance in technology, economic interest and population growth etc.

Observations of coastal aeolian dune movements at Feicuidao, on the Changli Gold Coast in Hebei Province

High-precision RTK GPS technology was used to survey the movements of typical coastal dunes, including a coastal crescent dune and a coastal transverse ridge, in the Feicuidao region of the Changli Gold Coast in Hebei Province in 2006-2008. Our data provide information on the direction, type, and velocity of coastal dune movements, and indicate that the coastal dunes in this re- gion are characterized as slow and landward advancing, with to-and-fro fluctuations. The bottom of the studied coastal transverse ridge was stable during the observation period but the position of its crest advanced eastward （seaward） during summer and au- tumn, and moved landward （westward） in winter and spring. Thus, its crest moved generally landward （westward） but fluctuated to-and-fro eastward and westward. In contrast, the entire coastal crescent dune advanced landward （westward） in a to-and-fro manner, and the velocity of its movement was faster than that of the transverse ridge dune. These results are mainly related to the wind conditions in the research area, the height and volume of the two types of coastal dunes.

Response to Hydrothermal Change of Tree Radial Growth since 1990s in the Southern Taihang Mountains in Hebei Province

On the basis of the relationship between tree ring width of Pinus tabulaeformis in the southern Taihang Mountains in Hebei Province and climate factors, such as mean temperature, mean maximum temperature, mean minimum temperature and precipitation, we find that tree-ring width correlates positively and significantly with mean and maximum temperature in March and Spring, and with minimum temperature in March, April, Spring and Autumn. The sampling tree radial growth responds sensitively to spring temperature change.

Evaluation of the Overall Level of New Urbanization in Hebei Province Based on Factor Analysis and GIS

Urbanization is the result of economic and social development,but also an important indicator to measure the level of regional economic and social development. Since the reform and opening up,the level of urbanization in Hebei province has been lagging behind the national average level. The 18 th National Congress of the CPC proposed to develop new urbanization,and this paper evaluated the comprehensive urbanization level of Hebei province combined with new connotation of urbanization. It constructed an evaluation index system of Hebei Province's urbanization comprehensive level,and then used the method of factor analysis with SPSS statistical analysis software to distinguish the major influencing factors. Thirdly,it overlaid the result with spatial pattern,which calculated by the spatial visualization function of ArcGIS software,making the evaluation results presented in a more vivid way. Finally,it analyzed the driving factors of urbanization development in Hebei Province and put forward some suggestions.

Application of the Gravity Method to the Iron Ore Exploration in Eastern Hebei Province

The nation-wide iron ore exploration is primarily based on aeromagnetic survey,based upon which a series of ground follow-up and drilling examination were carried out,and then reconnaissance and detailed investigation and exploration were fulfilled.However,for some large.

Empirical research on impacted factor of farmer＇s willingness for purchasing information Based on the survey data of Hebei province

Farmer＇s willingness for purchasing information, an important factor of farmer＇s information demand, was analyzed by logit model, according to the survey data of 535 farmers from eleven cities in Hebei province. The result showed that 6 factors had a significant influence on it, that is, education of farmers, per capita income of farmers, the affordability of information risk, the proportion of agricultural labor households, the type of agricultural production and the rural information service stations. On the basis of these, the related policy recommendations were proposed.

Source of ore-forming material for the Huangtuliang gold deposit,Hebei Province and ore prospecting in the deep periphery

The Huangtuliang gold deposit is characterized by its wide and large ore belt,stable extension and closely spaced orebodies.Unfortunately,no orebody was found by deep drilling.As a result,ore prospecting in this region was once put into dilemma.Detailed analysis of ore-forming and ore-controlling structures in the mining district by the authors has revealed that the ore-forming and ore-controlling structure in this mining district is a steeply dipping(85°-110°/∠70°-85° N-NNE),spade-shaped ductile shear zone,and the ore-controlling structures are a series of nearly erected second-ordered faults which are developed in the upper part of the ductile shear zone,intersecting with the ductile shear zone.Deep cutting of the ductile shear zone made it possible the ascending of ore fluids from the mantle plume at depth and these ore fluids would migrate upwards along the ductile shear zone under certain temperature and pressure conditions.Along their ascending path,the ore fluids would extract ore-forming elements from the country rocks and the extracted ore-forming elements would be deposited as ores in the hanging-wall second-ordered faults.The reason why no orebody was found in early prospecting at depth is that northward-dipping drilling in the southern part of the shear zone extended so deeply as to be beneath the shear zone.Only shallow-level orebodies could be found by southward-dipping drilling practice in the northern part of the shear zone.The location where deep-seated orebodies occurred shifted northwards and the orebodies occurred at greater depth.Therefore,it is natural that no orebody could be found when drill core passed through the shear zone.After the ore-forming and ore-controlling structures were well understood,the focus of ore prospecting was placed on the deep-level,northward-penetrating veins.In this way a number of new blind orebodies of great thickness have been found.On the basis of research development in the mining district,a prospecting plan has been made for ore prospecting in the periphery of eastern mining district.Prospecting practice has shown that there occur generally continuous engineering orebodies at large intervals.So,the Huangtuliang gold deposit has turned at one stroke from a medium sized to a large-sized,even a super-large gold deposit between prospecting lines 30-98.

Analysis of the Influencing Factors of Changes in Foxtail Millet Planting Area in Hebei Province

Since reform and open to the outside world,foxtail millet planting area in Hebei Province has constantly reduced,and its planting region has changed from the whole province into some regions,with obvious changes. In this paper,by using qualitative and quantitative approaches like chart analysis,summarizing,Delphi method and osculating value model,the influencing factors of changes in millet growing region in Hebei Province were studied. The results showed that the changes of millet planting area were closely related to many factors,such as little investment in scientific research,weak policy support,a single consumer product demand,the rapid development of other staple crops, labor migration,relatively low comparative effectiveness and physiological characteristics of the millet itself. Then some suggestions were put forward,such as increasing research support,strengthening scientific research strength,researching and developing deeply processed products, expanding consumer groups,improving millet policy support,providing subsidies for planting the improved varieties,researching and developing various types of machinery,and increasing millet production technology training.

Study on the ore-forming and ore-controlling structure of the Mujicun Cu (Mo) ore deposit, Hebei Province, China

The Mujicun Cu (Mo) ore deposit at Laiyuan, Hebei Province, is a currently proven large-sized Cu (Mo) polymetallic ore deposit and it is located in the second-ordered fault depression basin of the ditachment belt on the hanging-wall on the western side at the juncture of the Laiyuan dumbell-shaped complex in the northern part of the Fuping mantle-branch structure. Metallogenesis is controlled by diorite porphyrite in intrusive relation with the fault depression basin and other relevant fault structure systems and intenstive wall-rock alteration zones. This study, in conjunction with the most recent exploration data, analyzed the geological background of metallogenesis of this deposit, summaried the geological characteristics of typical ore deposits, determined the alteration zonation of the deposit, investigated regional metallogenesis and the genesis of typical ore deposits, discussed the regional ore-forming and ore-controlling structures, and generalized the regional ore-controlling model and metallogenic model of the deposit. It is considered that the Mujicun porphry Cu (Mo) deposit, the Tieling, Futuyu, Xiaoligou and other skarn-type Fe-Cu deposits and the He'ergou hydrothermal-type Pb-Zn-Ag deposit jointly constitute a three-in-one polymetallic orefield, with the characteristics of typical metallogenic series.

Empirical Analysis on the Influencing Factors of the Net Income of Farmers——A Case of Hebei Province, China

According to the relevant data of farmers' net income from the Hebei Statistical Yearbook 2009, seven indicators are selected covering regional gross production x1, the total output of the primary industry x2, the number of the people employed x3 and the number of the large livestock at the end of year x4 and so on, to analyze the factors that affect the per capita net income of farmers. The results show that the regional gross production x1 is in positive proportion to the total output value of the primary industry and the influneces are great; the total output value of the non-agricultural industry x5 and the local financial expenditure x6 are the important factors that affect the income of farmers; though the total value of rural residents'fixed investment x7 is in positive proportion to the income of farmers, the degree is not so great; the regression coefficient of the number of people employed x3 and the number of the large livestock at the end of year x4 is negative and the number of people employed x3 is a positive correlation to the net income of farmers. Based on the above analysis, the countermeasures on improving the income of rural residents are put forward: firstly, optimizing the rural indutrial structure, promoting the developement of the primary industry and improving the regional total output of production; secondly, expanding the development channel of non-agricutlural economic and attracking the rural surplus laborers; thirdly, enlarging the local financial expenses and Expanding the developmental space of the three agricultural issues concerning peasants, countryside and agriculture.

Geochemistry and Genesis of the Sodium-Charnockitic Gneisses, Eastern Hebei Province, China

High in sodium and low in potassium (Na_2O/ K_2O>1), the charnockitic gneiss series in theSantunying- Taipingzhai area, eastern Hebei province, consists of hypersthene- quartz- diorite,hypersthene-granodiorite and hypersthene-plagioclase-granite. Geological, petrological and large ion lithophileelement(LILE), high field strength element (HFSE) and REE geochemical studies suggest that themedium-coarse-grained hypersthene-granodiorite is the product of crystallization of anatectic magmas of thesame composition. Under granulite facies conditions, the equilibrium crystallization differentiation of themagmas yielded the early crystallization phase-high-SiO_2, LILE-depleted, low-∑REE, positive Eu anomalyand REE- saturated hypersthene- plagioclase- granite. The residual phase, coarse- grained to pegmatitichypersthene- granodiorite, is marked by low SiO_2, LILE-enrichment, high ∑REE and REE-undersaturation.These rocks and hypersthene-quartz-diorite enclaves constitute the sodium-charnockitic gneiss series in easternHebei province. Model calculation for trace elements in the granitoids was applied. On the basis of a systematicgeological study, the equation for calculation was chosen, the source magma was determined and the partitioncoefficients were obtained. The resulting curves are entirely consistent with those observed in the patterns of ac-tual rocks. The study indicates that whole-rock REE patterns can not be used directly in the comparison of thesources and genesis of granitoids.

Comparative Analysis of the Utilization Efficiency of Major Agricultural Resources in Hebei Province

The utilization efficiency of resources is one of the important factors affecting the development of modern agriculture. Using production function method and ratio analysis method,we carry out the horizontal comparison of the utilization efficiency of major agricultural resources such as arable land,agricultural machinery power and chemical fertilizer in Hebei Province and the national level,and the vertical comparison of the utilization efficiency of major agricultural resources between the prefecture-level cities in the province. The results show that the utilization efficiency of agricultural resources in Hebei Province is below the national average,and there are significant differences in the utilization efficiency of agricultural resources between the prefecture-level cities in the province.

Response of Vegetation Cover to Climate Changein the Southern Taihang Mountains in HebeiProvince

The relationships between the normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI)(1981-2006) in growing season and precipitation, NDVI and mean temperature(T_(mean)), NDVI and maximum temperature(T_(max)), NDVI and minimum temperature(T_(min)), and NDVI and the Palmer Drought Severity Index(PDSI) were analyzed. The results indicated that NDVI during the growing season was mostly positively and significantly correlated with precipitation last month and the month before last, and mostly negatively with temperature. There were negative and significant correlation between NDVI in June and July and T_(mean)and T_(max)in May respectively, between April NDVI and T_(min)in February and March, and between June NDVI and T_(min)in April, May and June. Vegetation cover in growing season correlated positively with PDSI, especially those last month and the month before last at 0.05 significance level, even 0.01 level. Hydrothermal conditions from March to July had significant influence on vegetation cover.

Studies on Water Consumption Characteristics and Crops Rotation Effects in Plateau of Northern Hebei Province

Experiments were carried out in 1994 - 1998 to study crop rotation and its effects on crop water consumption characteristics of field with sandy chestnut soil in the Plateau of north Hebei Province. Five crops including spring wheat, oat, pea, flax and potato were examined. There was little difference in field water consumption among the crops during the growing season. WUE varied significantly in a range of 1. 347 -11.177kg · ha-1 · mm-1 among crops and 11.44% - 46.66% among previous crops. It was pointed out that the land equivalent ratio (LER) can be used as an index to evaluate the biological effects of crop rotation comprehensively. The 2-4 year crop rotation patterns with higher LER were estimated in the paper.

The grading of agroclimatic calamities for assessing mean annual loss rate of crops: a case study in Hebei province

A mean annual loss rate(MALR) is a measure of the damaging degree of different crops to agroclimatic calamities such as waterlogging, strong win4 hail and dry-hot wind. It is useful for assessing regional insurance Premium. Based on the meteorological data observed from 1961 to 1993 in Hebei province and the damaging grades of some crops to meteorological disasters, we establish the index systems of agroclimatic calamities and then calculate the MALR with hierarchical models. Finally, GIS-based spatial maps on MALR has been employed to exhibit regional differentiation of mean annual loss rate of crops.

Empirical Study on the Relationship between Income and Consumption of Rural Residents in Hebei Province

Based on the relevant data of the actual income and consumption of rural residents in Hebei Province from 1983 to 2007,the relationship between actual income and consumption of rural residents was tested by applying the co-integration theory and Granger causality test.The result shows that there is long-term stable equilibrium relationship between the net Income per capita and consumption expenditure per capita of rural residents in Hebei Province from 1983 to 2007;the result of Granger causality test shows that the actual Income of rural residents in Hebei Province has significant impact on the actual consumption,but the impact is weakened gradually;in short term,the impact of the actual consumption on the actual income is not so significant,but the impact will become significant gradually as time goes on.During the process of the mutual impact and function of the actual income and consumption of rural residents in Hebei Province,the impact of the actual income of rural residents on the actual consumption is mainly represented in short term;in middle term,the interactions between the actual Income and actual consumption are significant;in long term,the impact of the actual consumption on the actual income is mainly displayed.According to the result,in short term the government in Hebei Province can expand consumption through increasing the income of rural residents,while in long term the government can drive the economic growth by expanding domestic demands.

Empirical Analysis of the Vegetable Industry in Hebei Province

We first introduce the status quo of the development of vegetable industry in Hebei Province,and then conduct empirical analysis of the development of vegetable industry in Hebei Province.Further,we analyze the development advantage of the vegetable industry in Hebei Province using SAI(Scale Advantage Indices) and SCA(Symmetric Comparative Advantage),drawing the conclusion that the vegetable industry in Hebei Province has much room for development;at the same time,we analyze the factors influencing vegetable consumption of residents in Hebei Province through the regression model,drawing the conclusion that the vegetable consumer price index is the main factor affecting the consumption.Finally we make recommendations for the development of vegetable industry in Hebei Province as follows:increasing financial input,promoting policy guarantee capacity;implementing brand strategy,promoting the competitiveness of products;improving the ecological environment,promoting industrialization of pollution-free vegetables.