The Rising,Recession and Revitalization of the Traditional Industrial Base in the Northeastern United States

The distribution of American industries has been unbalanced and most of the early industrial regions were centered in northeastern America.The northeastern traditional industrial base once was called"manufacturing belt".Since the 1950s,old industrial bases in the United States have been under recession.The northeastern region was then even called"rust belt".Some issues and measures of policy were set up by the government to adjust and restructure the old industrial bases,and some are useful experience and inspirations for our country,such as setting up special branches and organizations,establishing and implementing strategic planning for the adjustment and restructure of old industrial bases,adjusting the industrial branch and system,emphasizing on environment control and preservation and so on was achieved.Learning the successful experience from America,effective countermeasures and steps must be taken to accelerate the revival of the old industrial base in Northeastern China.

Revitalizing Old Industrial Base of Northeast China:Process, Policy and Challenge

Northeast China is the largest old industrial base of China that endured persistent influence of the past planned economy system. This region has lost its leading place since the reform and opening up, and became a backward region by contrast with the coastal areas. This paper elaborates the evolutionary process of the old industrial base of Northeast China, analyses the main reasons for the decline, gives a preliminary evaluation on the revitalizing polices in recent years, and points out major long-term challenges for future revitalization. It concludes that for Northeast China, a relative declining area: 1) it is indispensable to get the long-term policy support from the central government; 2) system reform and structure adjustment are the crucial strategies, particularly the reform of the large and medium state-owned enterprises; and devel-oping new industries is as important as upgrading traditional advantaged industries; 3) the local governments should play an indirect role, avoiding from any unnecessary intervention on economic activity; and 4) social security and investment climate must be improved simultaneously. In addition, the author stresses that the lack of knowledge on the nature of old industrial base had led to failures of the past initiatives, and revitalizing the old industrial base should be treated as a holis-tic regional project including economy growth, society progress and environment improvement.

A STUDY ON RECESSION MECHANISM AND REJUVENATION WAYS OF THENORTHEAST OLD INDUSTRIAL BASE

Using the theory of regional superiority of forming and developing Of the old industrial bases and theory of transfondng industrial structure, the paper analyses the recession characteristics, reasons and mechanism of the northest Old industrial base. On the basis of analysing and using the successful experience of other countries, the authors put forward the pattern, goal and way of transforming the northeast old industrial base, combined with the particular national conditions. The poper wants to make the theory and practice system of forming and developing of the world industrial bases more perfect, and provide some experience to promote the systematic development and speed up the industrialized course in the industrial ha of developing countries.

Research on evaluation model of technology innovation ability of state-owned enterprises in northeast industry base

The paper viewed the current problem that state-owned enterprises in northeast industry base hadn＇t technologies of their own intellectual property right, whose sources mainly depended on imitation and introduction from abroad. Operational evaluation method and index criteria system of enterprises technology innovation ability were put forward in this paper, different enterprises may revise the model according to their actual situations to evaluate the enterprise technological innovation ability scientifically and quickly. The findings will be helpful to correlative departments to formulate the related policies and also has important theoretical and practical value in technological innovation project of enterprise.

Effects of the Northeast China Revitalization Strategy on Regional Economic Growth and Social Development

Measuring the economic and social effects of the Northeast China Revitalization Strategy is critical to addressing regional sustainable development in China. To shed light on this issue, an integrated perspective was adopted that is combined with the difference-in-differences method to measure the effects of the strategy on economic growth and social development in Northeast China. The findings suggest that the strategy has significantly improved regional economic growth and per-capita income by increasing its gross domestic product(GDP) and GDP per capita by 25.70% and 46.00%, respectively. However, the strategy has significantly worsened the regional employment in the secondary industry of the region. In addition, the strategy has not significantly improved regional infrastructural road, education investment or social security, and has had no significant effect on mitigating regional disparity. In addition, the policy effects are highly heterogeneous across cities based on city size and characteristics. Therefore, there is no simple answer regarding whether the Northeast China Revitalization Strategy has reached its original goals from an integrated perspective. The next phase of the strategy should emphasize improving research and development(R&D) and human capital investments based on urban heterogeneity to prevent conservative path-dependency and the lock-in of outdated technologies.

Study of Nursing Home Interior Design in Northeast China——A Case Study of Nursing Home in Changchun

Over the past few years,the design and construction of the pension space has been gradually enriched.The rational depth of thinking in the humanized and emotional design of the nursing home is revealed.The interior space under the influence of regional culture is also the associated element of humanized and emotional design,which is worth the in-depth discussion of the professional staff.The construction and developed areas in Northeast China compared to nursing homes are still relatively backward,how to implement the people-oriented design concept,how to promote the northeast area nursing home construction and interior design quality,these problems are specific,but also the reality,managers,designers need to take seriously.

The Competitive Advantages Status and PromotionPathfor Liaoning Equipment Manufacturing Enterprises

企业竞争优势依赖于其所生存的环境,金融危机爆发之后的经济下行使装备制造企业竞争优势的来源发生了根本性的改变.通过对辽宁9 家企业的问卷调查,探究了辽宁装备制造企业的竞争优势现状,厘清了竞争优势维度对财务绩效的不同作用,进一步研究了竞争优势的提升路径.研究表明：经济下行对企业竞争优势的影响较大;目前竞争优势主要来源于低成本优势和新产品研发优势,但近年来新产品研发得到了较快的发展,而成本优势正在大幅减弱;产品开发、技术资源、软件和市场份额对总资产报酬率影响较大,而成本、与用户信任程度关系、质量和Y R IN技术资源对销售利润率影响较大;产品开发、成本、服务、与用户信任程度和性能是企业需要关注的重点.

A Comparative Analysis on Urbanization of Former Industrial Bases in Northeast China

The concentrated urbanization with the priority given to large cities and the balanced urbanization with the emphasis laid on small towns development are the two major urbanization patterns nowadays.The paper analyzes the urbanization pattern of the Great Lakes Industrial Area of US and the Ruhr Industrial Area of Germany,and compares it with the urbanization pattern of the former industrial base in Northeast China,which indicates that the development of the former industrial base is in a dilemma between the choices of these two urbanization patterns.In consequence,the paper discusses the choice of urbanization pattern of the former industrial base from the perspective of regional and spatial distinctions,as well as carrying out a countermeasure study on the urbanization patterns of different areas.

东北老工业基地文化融入高职思政课的思考

在东北老工业基地发展历史中融入先进的马克思主义理论和新时代中国特色社会主义理论,能够增强思政课的思想深度。深入挖掘东北老工业基地文化资源的深厚底蕴,以其蕴含的丰富教育资源拓展思想政治教育理论课内容,通过思政教育基地参观、红色故事、劳模人物等实践形式拓展内容广度,进一步巩固思想政治教育在文化传承方面所具有的独特价值和学科优势。

Shenyang to Build The First 100-Billion-Yuan Copper Industry Base In Northeast China

The 6 micron copper foil is widely recognized by the industry as high-standard ultra-thin copper foil.Shenyang Lianli is currently the only company in Northeast China that owns this technology.Meanwhile,the new material of 6N high-purity copper(copper content99.9999%)has also been

“一带一路”倡议下东北老工业基地全面振兴实现新突破:重要性、潜力优势、突破方向、难点及实现路径

“一带一路”倡议下东北老工业基地全面振兴有助于为东北经济高质量发展培育新的经济增长极,提高东北老工业基地人民群众的生活质量,改善东北老工业基地的投资环境,为推进东北老工业基地全面振兴取得新突破提供了积极助力。文章通过对“一带一路”倡议下东北老工业基地全面振兴实现新突破的重要性、潜力优势、突破方向、面临的难点分析,进一步提出“一带一路”倡议下东北老工业基地全面振兴实现新突破的路径,旨在更高质量地推进东北老工业基地全面振兴,深化“一带一路”倡议,促进东北老工业基地全面振兴取得新突破。

传统资源型产业园区“碳中和”实现路径研究--以山西省应县经济开发区为例

传统资源型产业园区普遍存在“高排放”与“低碳转型”的博弈困境,响应并落实“双碳”战略目标是园区高质量发展的必经之路。界定传统资源型产业园区的概念及其实现“碳中和”的重点与难点,基于对国内外产业园区的生态化、低碳发展经验研究,综合运用综合评价法、熵权法和能源参数模型等方法,提出构建传统资源型产业园区“碳中和”评价体系与“碳中和”实现路径,路径包含3个方面:采用绿色低碳发展模式、开展产业集聚及生态产业链设计、优化绿色建设方式,并以山西省应县经济开发区为例进行实证研究。

高职院校服务东北老工业基地振兴的路径选择

我国高职院校在服务东北老工业基地振兴过程中发挥了巨大作用,不仅为其提供政策论证、理论支撑、技术支撑,还提供人才支撑。为了更好地发挥高职院校在东北老工业基地振兴过程中的优势,高职院校需要进一步加强人文教育,加强学科结构布局与调整,加大科技创新驱动与创新创业教育培养的力度。

“双基”建设及产教融合背景下中药鉴定学示范课课程思政建设探索——以黄山职业技术学院为例

在高校“双基”建设和深化产教融合背景下,在专业建设、课程建设、教师队伍建设、课程设计等方面,对中药鉴定学示范课课程思政建设进行探索并实践,为思想政治教育融入医药专业学生专业素质教育全过程提供参考。

振兴东北老工业基地的新型城市化战略

依据东北地区城市化现状特点、问题、趋势和城市化相关理论,提出振兴东北老工业基地要采取与新型工业化战略相适应的新型城市化战略。该战略的总体目标是把东北老工业基地建设成现代化的人居环境系统,构建“三圈一带”为主的空间骨架。从资源型城市经济转型、大城市老工业区改造、大都市圈产业集聚与空间重组、乡村城镇化、城市信息化和城市生态环境整治与人居环境建设6个方面论述了新型城市化的战略重点及其对策。

东北地区陆地生态系统生产力及其人口承载力分析

日益增长的人口及其生存环境问题已经成为人类社会生存与可持续发展的关键,亦是区域生态承载力的重要指标。生态系统生产力及其人口承载力研究不仅可以弄清某一区域所能承载的最大人口数量,而且能为农业生态系统的宏观调控和长远发展规划提供依据。东北老工业基地地处地球环境变化速率最大的东亚季风区,以气候变暖为标志的全球变化必将影响东北地区生态承载力,进而影响该地区的人口承载力。该研究基于10km×10km分辨率的东北地区1980～2002年共23年的气象资料,结合植物生理生态特点和水热平衡关系建立的自然植被净第一性生产力模型和农业生产力模型,借助于地理信息系统软件,分析了东北地区4类生态系统类型:森林、农田、草地和湿地的生产力及其动态,指出东北地区近23年来年均气温呈显著上升趋势、年降水总体上呈减少趋势。23年来东北地区植被年均总生产力为3.52×1011kgDM.a-1,其中森林、农田、草地和湿地的年均总生产力分别为1.53×1011、4.55×1010、1.07×1011和4.63×1010kgDM.a-1,森林、农田、草地和湿地的平均生产力为5.73×103、1.84×103、5.64×103和5.55×103kgDM.hm-2.a-1。在此基础上,以第一性生产-第二性生产之间的生态适应性和能量-物质流平衡(在食物链上传递机制)为主线,通过对第一性生产力在人类直接消费与第二性生产之间以及各畜群(猪、肉牛羊、禽、奶牛和水产品(鱼))之间的分配,估算了1980～2002年东北地区在宽裕型、小康型与富裕型3种消费水平下,不输出商品粮和每年向国家提供350×108kg商品粮条件下的年均总人口承载力分别为2.61×108、2.15×108和1.77×108;和1.70×108、1.40×108和1.15×108。因此,要确保东北地区每年向国家提供350×108kg的商品粮,且在未来东北地区的生活水平要达到富裕型水平,必须控制人口数量。在此基础上,根据2020、2050、2070和2100年的气候预估资料,预测了2020、2050、2070和2100年东北地区在宽裕型、小康型和富裕型3种消费水平下的人口承载力分别为2.73×108、2.25×108和1.85×108;2.88×108、2.38×108和1.95×108;3.03×108、2.49×108和2.05×108;以及3.09×108、2.55×108和2.09×108。该研究可为东北地区及各省的生态建设与土地资源可持续利用提供参考。

东北老工业基地城市群组结构和功能优化的初步研究

东北地区城市群组应围绕老工业基地振兴和新型工业基地建设的任务,在新型工业化和城市化发展目标下,调整结构、优化功能。辽中南城市群应在继续重化工业和装备制造业方向的同时强化效益和效率机制;吉中城市组群应在坚持汽车工业和新兴工业部门方向的同时强化城际之间的行业联系;哈大齐以及黑龙江东北城市组群则应做好资源接续产业和新兴产业的培育工作。在结构调整和功能优化过程中,还要注意加强城市群组内部城市职能分工,加速产业结构与产品结构的梯度转移,逐步弱化不同等级城市间纵向联系的行政隶属关系,进一步强化同一等级城市间的横向联系,在城市群组之间亦形成良性的竞争和合作关系,为新型工业基地建设和东北地区经济发展提供空间载体。

东北地区工业基地演化路径研究

东北地区的工业基地在中国现代化进程中做出过突出贡献,但由于种种原因其工业明显衰退并逐步成为问题区域,产业转型是破解发展困境的关键。论文构建了工业基地识别指标体系,从全国尺度对1985、2001和2010年东北地区工业基地进行识别和筛选,分析其演化特征,探讨不同类型工业基地的产业演化路径。研究结论:1整体工业地位显著下降,多数基地产业结构单一,以传统产业为主的产业结构未发生实质性改变,装备制造业发展尤其缓慢;2资源型工业基地一直维持单一产业主导的发展方式,产业转型应当在资源开发的同时向资源深加工方向转变,从而发展成为新型原材料基地,或延伸产业链,建设能源、基础原材料和装备制造的综合工业体;3成熟型工业基地的产业组合方式由多种行业组合向双行业主导的轨迹演变,未来发展应继续依托产业园区,推动先进制造业发展;4衰退型工业基地产业组合由多种产业组合发展向单一产业主导的方向演变,未来应依托所在区域的一体化分工,逐步推进自身的工业发展。

东北地区资源型产业发展特征及对策建议

通过资源型产业竞争力和空间集聚扩散等分析,得出以下结论:1东北地区资源型产业基础地位明显,具有良好的结构效应,但相比全国资源型产业的发展,行业竞争力相对较弱。2资源型产业空间分布不均衡,不同城市对资源型产业依赖程度各异。3不同资源型产业的空间集聚与扩散态势及演化路径不同。针对这些特征,提出东北地区应针对不同资源型产业实施差异化的产业调整方案、加快技术创新体系建设提高资源型产业附加值、以产业区为空间支点推动资源型产业政策精准化、以大型企业集团为抓手推动资源型产业空间优化配置和利用境内境外两种资源保障东北地区资源型产业持续发展等方面提出了对策建议。