This study presents the deduction of time domain mathematical equations to simulate the curve of the charging process of a symmetrical electrochemical supercapacitor with activated carbon electrodes fed by a source of...This study presents the deduction of time domain mathematical equations to simulate the curve of the charging process of a symmetrical electrochemical supercapacitor with activated carbon electrodes fed by a source of constant electric potential in time ε and the curve of the discharge process through two fixed resistors. The first resistor R<sub>Co</sub> is a control that aims to prevent sudden variations in the intensity of the electric current i<sub>1</sub>(t) present at the terminals of the electrochemical supercapacitor at the beginning of the charging process. The second resistor is the internal resistance R<sub>A</sub> of the ammeter used in the calculation of the intensity of the electric current i<sub>1</sub>(t) over time in the charging and discharging processes. The mathematical equations generated were based on a 2R(C + kU<sub>C</sub>(t)) electrical circuit model and allowed to simulate the effects of the potential-dependent capacitance (kU<sub>C</sub>(t)) on the charge and discharge curves and hence on the calculated values of the fixed capacitance C, the equivalent series resistance (ESR), the equivalent parallel resistance (EPR) and the electrical potential dependent capacitance index k.展开更多
针对传统模数转换器(analog to digital convertor,ADC)设计复杂度高、仿真迭代时间长的问题,提出了一种高精度ADC系统设计与建模方法。该方法以10 bit 50 MHz流水线ADC为例,首先选取分离采样架构,进行电路的s域变换理论分析;其次对电...针对传统模数转换器(analog to digital convertor,ADC)设计复杂度高、仿真迭代时间长的问题,提出了一种高精度ADC系统设计与建模方法。该方法以10 bit 50 MHz流水线ADC为例,首先选取分离采样架构,进行电路的s域变换理论分析;其次对电路中各种非理想噪声的表达式进行精确推导,根据系统中的运放功耗指标进行参数优化;最后分别在MATLAB和Cadence软件中建立模型,进行100点蒙特卡洛仿真。仿真结果表明,在TSMC 180 nm工艺失配下,该流水线ADC有效位数达到9.70 bit,无杂散动态范围维持在76 dB附近,微分非线性在0.3 LSB以内,积分非线性在0.5 LSB以内,核心功耗在8 mW,该分析方法在保证流水线ADC优异性能的同时,大幅提高了设计效率。展开更多
细胞膜和核膜跨膜电位的计算是实现电穿孔效应准确预测的关键所在。基于球形细胞全电路等效模型,引入介电参数阶跃模型来表征细胞膜的电穿孔效应,定量计算了包含细胞膜电穿孔效应的细胞膜和核膜跨膜电位的幅频特性。结果表明:频率大于10...细胞膜和核膜跨膜电位的计算是实现电穿孔效应准确预测的关键所在。基于球形细胞全电路等效模型,引入介电参数阶跃模型来表征细胞膜的电穿孔效应,定量计算了包含细胞膜电穿孔效应的细胞膜和核膜跨膜电位的幅频特性。结果表明:频率大于104 Hz的脉冲电场作用时细胞膜的跨膜电位明显减小,尤其当频率大于108 Hz时,细胞膜的跨膜电位减小7 d B;频率小于106 Hz的脉冲电场作用时核膜的跨膜电位将显著增加,尤其当频率小于102 Hz时,核膜的跨膜电位增加高达19 d B。因此,当脉冲电场作用于生物细胞时,引入电穿孔效应才能准确揭示其跨膜电位的规律。展开更多
基于50 k V单相双绕组实际变压器的结构和尺寸,构建了用于变压器频域介电谱(FDS)仿真的改进型有限元模型和集总参数电路模型,并将两者的仿真结果与传统有限元模型仿真结果进行对比,分析了变压器绕组及高压绕组与变压器壁间结构对变压器...基于50 k V单相双绕组实际变压器的结构和尺寸,构建了用于变压器频域介电谱(FDS)仿真的改进型有限元模型和集总参数电路模型,并将两者的仿真结果与传统有限元模型仿真结果进行对比,分析了变压器绕组及高压绕组与变压器壁间结构对变压器FDS结果的影响。结果表明:传统的变压器仿真模型仅考虑了高低压绕组间的油纸绝缘结构,以此法评估变压器的绝缘状态会产生较大误差。变压器高压绕组与变压器壁间结构使变压器复介电常数实部在全频段内稍有降低;虚部在低频段内稍微增大,在中高频段内呈现降低趋势。这可由绝缘油与油浸纸板的FDS特性差异来解释。由于绕组自身存在电阻和电感,且相邻两饼绕组间存在电导和电容,考虑绕组影响后变压器的复介电常数实部和虚部均呈现降低趋势。最后通过试验初步验证了所得结论的正确性。展开更多
文摘This study presents the deduction of time domain mathematical equations to simulate the curve of the charging process of a symmetrical electrochemical supercapacitor with activated carbon electrodes fed by a source of constant electric potential in time ε and the curve of the discharge process through two fixed resistors. The first resistor R<sub>Co</sub> is a control that aims to prevent sudden variations in the intensity of the electric current i<sub>1</sub>(t) present at the terminals of the electrochemical supercapacitor at the beginning of the charging process. The second resistor is the internal resistance R<sub>A</sub> of the ammeter used in the calculation of the intensity of the electric current i<sub>1</sub>(t) over time in the charging and discharging processes. The mathematical equations generated were based on a 2R(C + kU<sub>C</sub>(t)) electrical circuit model and allowed to simulate the effects of the potential-dependent capacitance (kU<sub>C</sub>(t)) on the charge and discharge curves and hence on the calculated values of the fixed capacitance C, the equivalent series resistance (ESR), the equivalent parallel resistance (EPR) and the electrical potential dependent capacitance index k.
文摘针对传统模数转换器(analog to digital convertor,ADC)设计复杂度高、仿真迭代时间长的问题,提出了一种高精度ADC系统设计与建模方法。该方法以10 bit 50 MHz流水线ADC为例,首先选取分离采样架构,进行电路的s域变换理论分析;其次对电路中各种非理想噪声的表达式进行精确推导,根据系统中的运放功耗指标进行参数优化;最后分别在MATLAB和Cadence软件中建立模型,进行100点蒙特卡洛仿真。仿真结果表明,在TSMC 180 nm工艺失配下,该流水线ADC有效位数达到9.70 bit,无杂散动态范围维持在76 dB附近,微分非线性在0.3 LSB以内,积分非线性在0.5 LSB以内,核心功耗在8 mW,该分析方法在保证流水线ADC优异性能的同时,大幅提高了设计效率。
文摘细胞膜和核膜跨膜电位的计算是实现电穿孔效应准确预测的关键所在。基于球形细胞全电路等效模型,引入介电参数阶跃模型来表征细胞膜的电穿孔效应,定量计算了包含细胞膜电穿孔效应的细胞膜和核膜跨膜电位的幅频特性。结果表明:频率大于104 Hz的脉冲电场作用时细胞膜的跨膜电位明显减小,尤其当频率大于108 Hz时,细胞膜的跨膜电位减小7 d B;频率小于106 Hz的脉冲电场作用时核膜的跨膜电位将显著增加,尤其当频率小于102 Hz时,核膜的跨膜电位增加高达19 d B。因此,当脉冲电场作用于生物细胞时,引入电穿孔效应才能准确揭示其跨膜电位的规律。
文摘基于50 k V单相双绕组实际变压器的结构和尺寸,构建了用于变压器频域介电谱(FDS)仿真的改进型有限元模型和集总参数电路模型,并将两者的仿真结果与传统有限元模型仿真结果进行对比,分析了变压器绕组及高压绕组与变压器壁间结构对变压器FDS结果的影响。结果表明:传统的变压器仿真模型仅考虑了高低压绕组间的油纸绝缘结构,以此法评估变压器的绝缘状态会产生较大误差。变压器高压绕组与变压器壁间结构使变压器复介电常数实部在全频段内稍有降低;虚部在低频段内稍微增大,在中高频段内呈现降低趋势。这可由绝缘油与油浸纸板的FDS特性差异来解释。由于绕组自身存在电阻和电感,且相邻两饼绕组间存在电导和电容,考虑绕组影响后变压器的复介电常数实部和虚部均呈现降低趋势。最后通过试验初步验证了所得结论的正确性。
