From July 2008 to August 2008, 72 leaf samples from 22 species and 81 soil samples in the nine natural forest ecosystems were collected, from north to south along the North-South Transect of Eastern China （NSTEC）. B...From July 2008 to August 2008, 72 leaf samples from 22 species and 81 soil samples in the nine natural forest ecosystems were collected, from north to south along the North-South Transect of Eastern China （NSTEC）. Based on these samples, we studied the geographical distribution patterns of vegetable water use efficiency （WUE） and nitrogen use efficiency （NUE）, and analyzed their relationship with environmental factors. The vegetable WUE and NUE were calculated through the measurement of foliar δ 13C and C/N of predominant species, respectively. The results showed： （1） vegetable WUE, ranging from 2.13 to 28.67 mg C g-1 H2O, increased linearly from south to north in the representative forest ecosystems along the NSTEC, while vegetable NUE showed an opposite trend, increasing from north to south, ranging from 12.92 to 29.60 g C g-1 N. （2） Vegetable WUE and NUE were dominantly driven by climate and significantly affected by soil nutrient factors. Based on multiple stepwise regression analysis, mean annual temperature, soil phosphorus concentration, and soil nitrogen concentration were responding for 75.5% of the variations of WUE （p0.001）. While, mean annual precipitation and soil phosphorus concentration could explain 65.7% of the change in vegetable NUE （p0.001）. Moreover, vegetable WUE and NUE would also be seriously influenced by atmospheric nitrogen deposition in nitrogen saturated ecosystems. （3） There was a significant trade-off relationship between vegetable WUE and NUE in the typical forest ecosystems along the NSTEC （p0.001）, indicating a balanced strategy for vegetation in resource utilization in natural forest ecosystems along the NSTEC. This study suggests that global change would impact the resource use efficiency of forest ecosystems. However, vegetation could adapt to those changes by increasing the use efficiency of shortage resource while decreasing the relatively ample one. But extreme impacts, such as heavy nitrogen deposition, would break this trade-off mechanism and give a dramatic disturbance to the ecosystem biogeochemical cycle.展开更多
The time series NDVI distribution maps of the study area were calculated with AVHRR images acquired from May 1999 to April 2000 on the North-South transect of Eastern China. Based on the analysis of the characteristic...The time series NDVI distribution maps of the study area were calculated with AVHRR images acquired from May 1999 to April 2000 on the North-South transect of Eastern China. Based on the analysis of the characteristics and their contributions to NPP on the transect, the RS NPP distribution maps were created by zones and the quantitative models were established between NDVI maps and field measured NPP sample data collected from Central and South China for forest and cultivated land. Furthermore, the spatial distribution and quantitative result were obtained through an overlapping and fitting analysis between the NPP maps and DEM. The result shows that the NPP distribution features are not only distinguished on detail zonation of natural vegetation in vertical, latitudinal and longitudinal distribution but also reflected an obvious effect from the crop growing period of agricultural area. According to the results above, an opposite opinion was given that the NPP values for the forest and agricultural areas vary greatly in different regions, with the forest areas having a higher value than the agricultural areas in Southern China. In the Huang, Huai and Hai Plains, agricultural regions have higher NPP values than the surrounding low mountains. In Northeastern China, the NPP values form a gradient across the mid-to-high mountain forest zone to plains and low mountain areas. Further, for most of the agricultural areas, NPP values range between 25—35 t·hm2·a-1 and do not show significant areal differentiation.展开更多
The ratio of transpiration to evapotranspiration (T/ET) is a key parameter for quantifying water use efficiency of ecosystems and understanding the interaction between ecosystem carbon uptake and water cycling in the ...The ratio of transpiration to evapotranspiration (T/ET) is a key parameter for quantifying water use efficiency of ecosystems and understanding the interaction between ecosystem carbon uptake and water cycling in the context of global change.The estimation of T/ET has been paid increasing attention from the scientific community in recent years globally.In this paper,we used the Priestly-Taylor Jet Propulsion Laboratory Model (PT-JPL) driven by regional remote sensing data and gridded meteorological data,to simulate the T/ET in forest ecosystems along the North-South Transect of East China (NSTEC) during 2001-2010,and to analyze the spatial distribution and temporal variation of T/ET,as well as the factors influencing the variation in T/ET.The results showed that:(1) The PT-JPL model is suitable for the simulation of evapotranspiration and its components of forest ecosystems in Eastern China,and has relatively good stability and reliability.(2) Spatial distribution of T/ET in forest ecosystems along NSTEC was heterogeneous,i.e.,T/ET was higher in the north and lower in the south,with an averaged value of 0.69;and the inter-annual variation of T/ET showed a significantly increasing trend,with an increment of 0.007/yr (p<0.01).(3) Seasonal and inter- annual variations of T/ET had different dominant factors.Temperature and EVI can explain around 90%(p<0.01) of the seasonal variation in T/ET,while the inter-annual variation in T/ET was mainly controlled by EVI (53%,p<0.05).展开更多
The north-south transect of tastern China (NSTEC) was a typical ecologcal region which was mostly driven by heat and varied with its vegetation along with latitude.In-depth knowing of the NSTEC will enhance our unders...The north-south transect of tastern China (NSTEC) was a typical ecologcal region which was mostly driven by heat and varied with its vegetation along with latitude.In-depth knowing of the NSTEC will enhance our understanding of global change along with global warming.In this paper,NOAA-AVHRR data was used to get the vegetation index across the NSTEC.Then a regression model was built to get the Net Primary Productivity (NPP) from it.Since the research area covered from 118°E to 128°E,40°N to 50°N,and from 108°E to 118°E,17.5°N to 40°N,to precisely acquire the NPP distribution pattern of the whole area,different vegetation indices were compared according to different land surface.Then three regression models were deduced for NPP.Finally,a NPP adjusting scheme was used to get a general NPP distribution map from the three regression results.The achievements well reflect the distribution character of NPP along the NSTEC and would support further analysis and simulation in land ecology system study and global change research.展开更多
基于2004—2013年的南海北部开放航次数据和1980—2010年Simple Ocean Data Assimilation(SODA)数据,发现南海北部次表层水体盐度在2004—2005年间盐度显著增大,相比于气候态均值分别增加了0.1和0.14,而且温盐特征曲线显示盐度增大的现...基于2004—2013年的南海北部开放航次数据和1980—2010年Simple Ocean Data Assimilation(SODA)数据,发现南海北部次表层水体盐度在2004—2005年间盐度显著增大,相比于气候态均值分别增加了0.1和0.14,而且温盐特征曲线显示盐度增大的现象主要发生在150m以浅。2004年净淡水通量仅略低于气候态均值,2005年净淡水通量则明显高于气候态均值,因此净淡水通量不会是导致此高盐事件的有利因素。我们进一步通过块体简化盐度收支方程,定量评估盐度收支方程里中平流输运项(包括跨海盆经吕宋海峡的平流输运项和南海海盆内部南北海盆之间的平流输运项)的贡献。发现在2004年,通过吕宋海峡进入南海北部的盐含量输运显著大于气候态均值,是导致南海北部上层水体盐度迅速增大的主要原因。为探究2005年南海北部盐度持续增强的原因,我们进一步比较2004年和2005年的平流项演变,发现相对于2004年,虽然2005年吕宋海峡盐含量输运略低于气候态均值,但南海内部南海南北海盆间(通过18?N断面进入南海北部)的盐含量输运增强,即在2005年,海盆内部经向平流盐输运的贡献是促使南海北部上层盐度继续增强的关键因素。展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China No.30590381 No.31000211 National Basic Research Program of China No.2010CB833504
文摘From July 2008 to August 2008, 72 leaf samples from 22 species and 81 soil samples in the nine natural forest ecosystems were collected, from north to south along the North-South Transect of Eastern China （NSTEC）. Based on these samples, we studied the geographical distribution patterns of vegetable water use efficiency （WUE） and nitrogen use efficiency （NUE）, and analyzed their relationship with environmental factors. The vegetable WUE and NUE were calculated through the measurement of foliar δ 13C and C/N of predominant species, respectively. The results showed： （1） vegetable WUE, ranging from 2.13 to 28.67 mg C g-1 H2O, increased linearly from south to north in the representative forest ecosystems along the NSTEC, while vegetable NUE showed an opposite trend, increasing from north to south, ranging from 12.92 to 29.60 g C g-1 N. （2） Vegetable WUE and NUE were dominantly driven by climate and significantly affected by soil nutrient factors. Based on multiple stepwise regression analysis, mean annual temperature, soil phosphorus concentration, and soil nitrogen concentration were responding for 75.5% of the variations of WUE （p0.001）. While, mean annual precipitation and soil phosphorus concentration could explain 65.7% of the change in vegetable NUE （p0.001）. Moreover, vegetable WUE and NUE would also be seriously influenced by atmospheric nitrogen deposition in nitrogen saturated ecosystems. （3） There was a significant trade-off relationship between vegetable WUE and NUE in the typical forest ecosystems along the NSTEC （p0.001）, indicating a balanced strategy for vegetation in resource utilization in natural forest ecosystems along the NSTEC. This study suggests that global change would impact the resource use efficiency of forest ecosystems. However, vegetation could adapt to those changes by increasing the use efficiency of shortage resource while decreasing the relatively ample one. But extreme impacts, such as heavy nitrogen deposition, would break this trade-off mechanism and give a dramatic disturbance to the ecosystem biogeochemical cycle.
文摘The time series NDVI distribution maps of the study area were calculated with AVHRR images acquired from May 1999 to April 2000 on the North-South transect of Eastern China. Based on the analysis of the characteristics and their contributions to NPP on the transect, the RS NPP distribution maps were created by zones and the quantitative models were established between NDVI maps and field measured NPP sample data collected from Central and South China for forest and cultivated land. Furthermore, the spatial distribution and quantitative result were obtained through an overlapping and fitting analysis between the NPP maps and DEM. The result shows that the NPP distribution features are not only distinguished on detail zonation of natural vegetation in vertical, latitudinal and longitudinal distribution but also reflected an obvious effect from the crop growing period of agricultural area. According to the results above, an opposite opinion was given that the NPP values for the forest and agricultural areas vary greatly in different regions, with the forest areas having a higher value than the agricultural areas in Southern China. In the Huang, Huai and Hai Plains, agricultural regions have higher NPP values than the surrounding low mountains. In Northeastern China, the NPP values form a gradient across the mid-to-high mountain forest zone to plains and low mountain areas. Further, for most of the agricultural areas, NPP values range between 25—35 t·hm2·a-1 and do not show significant areal differentiation.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China,No.2015CB954102National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.31700417,No.41571424
文摘The ratio of transpiration to evapotranspiration (T/ET) is a key parameter for quantifying water use efficiency of ecosystems and understanding the interaction between ecosystem carbon uptake and water cycling in the context of global change.The estimation of T/ET has been paid increasing attention from the scientific community in recent years globally.In this paper,we used the Priestly-Taylor Jet Propulsion Laboratory Model (PT-JPL) driven by regional remote sensing data and gridded meteorological data,to simulate the T/ET in forest ecosystems along the North-South Transect of East China (NSTEC) during 2001-2010,and to analyze the spatial distribution and temporal variation of T/ET,as well as the factors influencing the variation in T/ET.The results showed that:(1) The PT-JPL model is suitable for the simulation of evapotranspiration and its components of forest ecosystems in Eastern China,and has relatively good stability and reliability.(2) Spatial distribution of T/ET in forest ecosystems along NSTEC was heterogeneous,i.e.,T/ET was higher in the north and lower in the south,with an averaged value of 0.69;and the inter-annual variation of T/ET showed a significantly increasing trend,with an increment of 0.007/yr (p<0.01).(3) Seasonal and inter- annual variations of T/ET had different dominant factors.Temperature and EVI can explain around 90%(p<0.01) of the seasonal variation in T/ET,while the inter-annual variation in T/ET was mainly controlled by EVI (53%,p<0.05).
文摘The north-south transect of tastern China (NSTEC) was a typical ecologcal region which was mostly driven by heat and varied with its vegetation along with latitude.In-depth knowing of the NSTEC will enhance our understanding of global change along with global warming.In this paper,NOAA-AVHRR data was used to get the vegetation index across the NSTEC.Then a regression model was built to get the Net Primary Productivity (NPP) from it.Since the research area covered from 118°E to 128°E,40°N to 50°N,and from 108°E to 118°E,17.5°N to 40°N,to precisely acquire the NPP distribution pattern of the whole area,different vegetation indices were compared according to different land surface.Then three regression models were deduced for NPP.Finally,a NPP adjusting scheme was used to get a general NPP distribution map from the three regression results.The achievements well reflect the distribution character of NPP along the NSTEC and would support further analysis and simulation in land ecology system study and global change research.
文摘基于2004—2013年的南海北部开放航次数据和1980—2010年Simple Ocean Data Assimilation(SODA)数据,发现南海北部次表层水体盐度在2004—2005年间盐度显著增大,相比于气候态均值分别增加了0.1和0.14,而且温盐特征曲线显示盐度增大的现象主要发生在150m以浅。2004年净淡水通量仅略低于气候态均值,2005年净淡水通量则明显高于气候态均值,因此净淡水通量不会是导致此高盐事件的有利因素。我们进一步通过块体简化盐度收支方程,定量评估盐度收支方程里中平流输运项(包括跨海盆经吕宋海峡的平流输运项和南海海盆内部南北海盆之间的平流输运项)的贡献。发现在2004年,通过吕宋海峡进入南海北部的盐含量输运显著大于气候态均值,是导致南海北部上层水体盐度迅速增大的主要原因。为探究2005年南海北部盐度持续增强的原因,我们进一步比较2004年和2005年的平流项演变,发现相对于2004年,虽然2005年吕宋海峡盐含量输运略低于气候态均值,但南海内部南海南北海盆间(通过18?N断面进入南海北部)的盐含量输运增强,即在2005年,海盆内部经向平流盐输运的贡献是促使南海北部上层盐度继续增强的关键因素。
