Modeling and application of marketing and distribution data based on graph computing

Integrating marketing and distribution businesses is crucial for improving the coordination of equipment and the efficient management of multi-energy systems.New energy sources are continuously being connected to distribution grids;this,however,increases the complexity of the information structure of marketing and distribution businesses.The existing unified data model and the coordinated application of marketing and distribution suffer from various drawbacks.As a solution,this paper presents a data model of"one graph of marketing and distribution"and a framework for graph computing,by analyzing the current trends of business and data in the marketing and distribution fields and using graph data theory.Specifically,this work aims to determine the correlation between distribution transformers and marketing users,which is crucial for elucidating the connection between marketing and distribution.In this manner,a novel identification algorithm is proposed based on the collected data for marketing and distribution.Lastly,a forecasting application is developed based on the proposed algorithm to realize the coordinated prediction and consumption of distributed photovoltaic power generation and distribution loads.Furthermore,an operation and maintenance(O&M)knowledge graph reasoning application is developed to improve the intelligent O&M ability of marketing and distribution equipment.

State-of-the-Art Analysis and Perspectives for Peer-to-Peer Energy Trading

As a promising solution to address the“energy trilemma”confronting human society,peer-to-peer(P2P)energy trading has emerged and rapidly developed in recent years.When carrying out P2P energy trading,customers with distributed energy resources(DERs)are able to directly trade and share energy with each other.This paper summarizes and analyzes the global development of P2P energy trading based on a comprehensive review of related academic papers,research projects,and industrial practice.Key aspects in P2P energy trading are identified and discussed,including market design,trading platforms,physical infrastructure and information and communication technology(ICT)infrastructure,social science perspectives,and policy.For each key aspect,existing research and practice are critically reviewed and insights for future development are presented.Comprehensive concluding remarks are provided at the end,summarizing the major findings and perspectives of this paper.P2P energy trading is a growing field with great potential and opportunities for both academia and industry across the world.

Effects of Social Security Spending on Income Distribution and Poverty Reduction in China

Reasonable income distribution and eradication of rural poverty are vital for building a moderately prosperous society in all respects in China.This paper primarily examines the income distribution and poverty reduction effects of social security spending.Market income and redistribution policies are two determinants of income gaps.Based on CHIP2018 household survey data,we find that inadequate income redistribution policies have contributed to yawning income gaps,and that social security spending is more redistributive than personal income tax and social security contributions.After estimating the redistribution effects of social security spending and itemized incomes,we find that pension payments have contributed the most to household income gaps,and that subsistence protection and rural pension payments help improve income distribution.With respect to the poverty reduction effects of social security spending,we have estimated China’s current poverty incidence and the poverty reduction effects of pension payments,healthcare,and educational allowances with CHIP2018 data,and discover that an increase in social security spending may effectively reduce rural poverty.In building a moderately prosperous society in all respects,China should increase social security spending,focusing on specific target groups,and promote the role of social security spending in regulating income distribution and offering social protection to rural residents.

Managing Channels of Distribution Under the Environment of Electronic Commerce

Business Marketing Management over the Internet has been receiving a“lot of ink”in current periodicals and to a lesser degree in academic literature.Practice changes so rapidly that principles emerging from last month’s successes may need revi- sion before they are derived and printed.The emergence of electronic commerce has created a new business paradigm,one that pre- sents marketers with noteworthy opportunities and challenges.Perhaps the greatest impact is in the area of channel management. The top issue for many business-to-business (B2B) firms today is channel conflict.In this paper,we analyze the weakness of traditional place model at first.On the basis of it,we set forth the processes and advantages of direct place and indirect place un- der the environment of electronic commerce.Then this paper presents that we should develop association net,express net,service net and production net in order to create place advantage under the environment of electronic commerce.

The Security Correction of Large Consumers Long-Term Direct Power Trading Based on DC Power Transfer Distribution Factor

The experiments of large consumers direct power trading is conducting in china nationwide, and it’s important to the reform of electricity market. To compensated efficiencies in security correction of large consumers direct power trading, a novel security correction method based on DC power transfer distribution factor was proposed. Using the presented method to comply security correction, all the transactions that satisfy the specific requirements of maximizing social welfare are able to enter security correction process, and when the power of transmission line is out of limit, this method avoid the transaction which causes this problem is abandoned directly by introducing supplement transactions. The simulation has shown that the proposed security correction method of large consumers direct power trading based on DC power transfer distribution factor is effective.

Spatial Distribution of Domestic Tourism Market in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and Its Development Strategies

This paper, based on the statistical data from the Sample Survey of Domestic Tourism in Inner Mongolia(2014), analyzed the distribution of the domestic tourism market across Inner Mongolia and its 4 tourism sections through indexes including market concentration ratio, geographic concentration ratio, variance, etc.. The results showed that:(1) the market within the autonomous region remained to be the largest one in those 4 sections;(2) Beijing was the largest domestic tourism market outside Inner Mongolia;(3) different sections were divided on the target market of domestic tourism:(1) Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region proved to be the primary market of Inner Mongolia at large;(2) Beijing and 3 provinces in Northwest China came as the primary markets of Hulun Buir-Hinggan section;(3) Beijing-Tanjin-Hebei Region and Liaoning Province were the primary markets of Xilingol-Chifeng-Tongliao section;(4) BeijingShanxi-Hebei Region turned out to be the primary market of Huhhot-Baotou-Erdos-UlanqabBayannur section;(5) Beijing and Gansu were the primary markets of Wuhai-Alxa section;(4) the market concentration ratio of domestic tourism in different sections varied from each other, and the east section was the highest one, followed by middle section, Inner Mongolia as a whole, west section, and northeast section. As a result, authors of this paper made recommendations on how to develop the domestic tourism in Inner Mongolia.

Distribution of Market Share in the World Soft-Drink Industry

The distribution of market shares within an industry is a relevant performance measure for managers and policy makers, for it allow to determine whether a given industry is competitive or not. Usually, the perfect competition model is the reference to judge the efficiency of markets. However, there is enough empirical evidence that shows that one of the most evident features of global firms is that both their size and market are Zipf-distributed. In this paper, we show that the distribution of market shares in the world cola-drink market is skewed, but it does not follow Zipf＇s law, thus it is inadequate to generalize it to any kind of market.

Modeling the Proposal of the Simultaneous Purchases and Sales of Electricity and Gas for the Energy Market in a Microgrid Using the Harmony Search Algorithm

The use of different energy carriers together,known as an energy hub,has been a hot topic of research in recent years amongst scientists and researchers.The term energy hub refers to the simultaneous operation of various infrastructures for energy generation and transfer,which has gained momentum in the form of microgrids(MGs).This paper introduces a new strategy for the optimal performance of an MG consisting of different energy carriers for each day.In a smart distribution network(DN),MGs can reduce their own costs in the previous-day market by bidding on sales and purchases.The sales and purchases bidding problem is challenging due to different uncertainties,however.This paper proposes a two-stage strategy for making an optimal bid on electricity sales and purchases with electricity and gas price dependency in the previous-day and real-time markets for an energy hub.In this model,the MG behavior regarding the electricity and gas energy sales/purchase,the simultaneous effects of electricity and gas prices,as well as the energy carriers’dependence on one another are all examined.Due to the inherent uncertainty in the sources of clean energy production,the probabilistic model and the production and reduction scenario have been used in the paper to cover this issue.In the proposed grid,energy sales/purchases are presented in a multi-carrier MG in a two-stage model.This model is solved by using the harmony search algorithm in MATLAB.Numeric results demonstrate the benefits of this model in reducing energy hub costs of operation.

China's Air Transport Market and Distribution of airports

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Importance of Generalized Logistic Distribution in Extreme Value Modeling

We consider a problem from stock market modeling, precisely, choice of adequate distribution of modeling extremal behavior of stock market data. Generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution and generalized Pareto (GP) distribution are the classical distributions for this problem. However, from 2004, [1] and many other researchers have been empirically showing that generalized logistic (GL) distribution is a better model than GEV and GP distributions in modeling extreme movement of stock market data. In this paper, we show that these results are not accidental. We prove the theoretical importance of GL distribution in extreme value modeling. For proving this, we introduce a general multivariate limit theorem and deduce some important multivariate theorems in probability as special cases. By using the theorem, we derive a limit theorem in extreme value theory, where GL distribution plays central role instead of GEV distribution. The proof of this result is parallel to the proof of classical extremal types theorem, in the sense that, it possess important characteristic in classical extreme value theory, for e.g. distributional property, stability, convergence and multivariate extension etc.

Detecting the lead–lag effect in stock markets:definition,patterns,and investment strategies

Human activities widely exhibit a power-law distribution.Considering stock trading as a typical human activity in the financial domain,the first aim of this paper is to validate whether the well-known power-law distribution can be observed in this activity.Interestingly,this paper determines that the number of accumulated lead–lag days between stock pairs meets the power-law distribution in both the U.S.and Chinese stock markets based on 10 years of trading data.Based on this finding this paper adopts the power-law distribution to formally define the lead–lag effect,detect stock pairs with the lead–lag effect,and then design a pure lead–lag investment strategy as well as enhancement investment strategies by integrating the lead–lag strategy into classic alpha-factor strategies.Tests conducted on 20 different alpha-factor strategies demonstrate that both perform better than the selected benchmark strategy and that the lead–lag strategy provides useful signals that significantly improve the performance of basic alpha-factor strategies.Our results therefore indicate that the lead–lag effect may provide effective information for designing more profitable investment strategies.

Optimal Control and Bidding Strategy of Virtual Power Plant with Renewable Generation

A Virtual Power Plant (VPP), aggregating the capacities of distributed energy resources (DER) as a single profile, provides presence of DERs in the electricity market. In this paper, a stochastic bidding model is proposed for the VPP to optimise the bids in the day-ahead and balancing market, with the objective to maximise its expected economic profit. The performance of proposed strategy has been assessed in a modified commercial VPP (CVPP) system with wind generation installed, and also the results are compared with the ones achieved from other commonly-used strategies to verify its feasibility.

GARCH-Type modeling of stock market returns for the pre-crisis countries

Empirical studies have shown that a large number of financial asset returns exhibit fat tails （leptokurtosis） and are often characterized by volatility clustering and asymmetry. This paper considers the ability of the GARCH-Type （Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity） models to capture the stylized features of volatility in national stock market returns for three countries （Portugal, Spain and Greece）. The results of this paper suggest that in the presence of asymmetric responses to innovations in the market, the ARMA （1,1）-GJRGARCH（1,1） skewed Student-t model which accommodates both the skewness and the kurtosis of financial time series is preferred.

The Environmental Factors and Strategic Priorities in Northwest Power Development

Based on the energy distribution and economy status In the Northwest Region in China, this paper analyzes the probability of power sources complementation between Northwest Power Grid and the adjacent regional power grids, and points out that the strategic emphases for Northwest power development are to speed up 750 kV transmis-sion system construction, expand the Regional power market, rolling-develop hydrdpower stations on the Upper Yellow River, speed up thermal power bases construction and boost the interconnection between Northwest and North China, etc.

Distributed Estimator of Market Beta under Extreme Conditions

Market beta is a measure of the volatility or systematic risk of a security or portfolio compared to the market as a whole. This paper considers the distributed estimation of market beta in the case of massive data, and obtains the consistency and asymptotic normality of the estimator. Further, simulations show the finite sample properties of this estimator.

考虑电动汽车充放电的输配协同能量-灵活性市场出清机制

为应对输电网对灵活性资源的迫切需求,挖掘配电网分布式资源的灵活性支撑潜力,首先,构建市场环境下电动汽车的车-网互动响应模型,分析不同充放电方式下电动汽车的需求响应能力,为电动汽车参与市场环境下电网调度控制提供模型基础;然后,计及配电网运营商对需求侧灵活性资源的聚合作用,以购买电力和灵活性资源总成本最低为目标,构建考虑电动汽车充放电方式的输配协同能量-灵活性市场出清模型,通过协调控制输配电网中各类灵活性资源来满足输电网的灵活性需求;最后,通过修改的IEEE 33节点输电网与2个IEEE 33节点配电网耦合的测试系统对所提输配协同能量-灵活性市场出清方法的有效性进行分析与验证。结果表明,所提方法可提升电力系统的运行经济性和灵活性。

基于电网线路传输安全的电力市场分布式交易模型研究

电力市场分布式交易模型可有效缓解传统集中模型下市场主体的隐私安全等问题,但难以在保障市场主体收益和电力系统安全稳定运行的同时,实现社会福利最大化.因此,基于电网线路传输安全,首先以社会福利最大化为目标,构建集中式交易模型,并采用拉格朗日乘子法和对偶定理,将其等价分解为各市场主体自身利益最大化的分布式交易模型.在此基础上,设计2种适用于不同情形的分布式交易方法及其求解算法,并构造电网安全成本影响市场主体的决策,从而保证电网线路传输安全.最后,基于算例分析,验证了2种交易方法的有效性.

分布式光伏对中国能源市场的影响

世界处于百年未有之变局,能源行业也进入变革时代,各种新能源概念频出,能源市场结构将发生巨变,能源行业的分析预测与投资决策面临前所未有的挑战。分布式光伏因其靠近能源市场的需求终端,能够将多个能源品种市场联系起来,在新形势下很有可能成为影响能源价格走势和中国能源市场结构的关键力量,值得深入研究。梳理了中国能源行业面临的新形势,在此基础上,基于分布式光伏的特点,分析了分布式光伏未来的发展趋势及对中国能源市场的影响,认为分布式光伏的快速发展将促进能源行业有效市场的形成,使能源价格成为配置资源的主要手段,使能源项目投资由资源主导型向市场配置型转变,并从国家、能源企业、投资机构等层面提出了相应建议。

高比例分布式可再生能源交直流混合配电网运行调控:科学问题与技术框架

随着分布式可再生能源发电与中低压直流组网技术的快速发展,未来配电网必然向复杂的交直流混合形态演进,其运行调控技术面临许多新的挑战。在高比例分布式可再生能源交直流混合配电网(HR-HDN)运行调控技术发展需求分析的基础上,提炼出HR-HDN运行调控技术的3个科学问题,并以多类型可控设备协同、源-网-荷-储高度互动化和市场化需求为研究主线,从稳定控制、故障主动防御与恢复、电力市场机制辅助调控以及“平台+数据”数字化集成调控4个方面,提出了HR-HDN的运行调控技术框架。最后,对HR-HDN运行调控关键技术的未来发展进行了展望。

中国海外城市轨道交通市场分布与演化特征研究

随着全球范围内人口的快速增加及城市化进程的加速推进,城市轨道交通产品的海外市场需求不断增长,为我国城市轨道交通产品及相关产业“走出去”提供契机。文章聚焦于“一带一路”倡议提出的10年间(2014年—2023年)我国开工建设的海外城市轨道交通建设项目,通过统计梳理此间我国企业在海外承建的城市轨道交通项目建设里程,并将其与“一带一路”倡议提出前的2007年—2013年间数据进行对比,分析出我国海外城市轨道交通市场分布规律、演化特征及所面临的挑战,然后以此为据,从市场定位与进入、产业链延伸及技术输出3方面提出相应的市场开发策略,以期为我国城市轨道交通企业更好地开拓海外市场提供借鉴和参考。